培养因子对艾西丝南瓜芽增殖及不定根形成的影响

以艾西丝南瓜带芽茎段为外植体,研究了基本培养基、激素、糖、光照、培养基支持物等因子对芽增殖及不定根形成的影响。结果表明：艾西丝南瓜芽增殖的最佳培养条件为：MS+BA 0.5～1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1～0.5 mg/L+食用白糖30 g/L,芽的月[KG(*9]增殖系数稳定在10左右;不定根诱导的适宜条件是：[KG)]1/2MS＋食用白糖20 g/L,生根率达86%;且自然散射光条件(1000～5000Lx)优于灯光(1000～2000Lx);以脱脂棉作生根培养基支持物效果优于琼脂,其芽增殖系数和生根率分别提高26%和7%。     

培养因子对艾西南瓜芽增殖及不定根形成的影响

以艾西丝南瓜带芽茎段为外植体,研究了基本培养基、激素、糖、光照、培养基支持物等因子对芽增殖及不定要根形成的影响。结果表明：艾西丝南瓜芽增殖的最佳培养条件为：ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５￣１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．１￣０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋食用白糖３０ｇ／Ｌ,芽的月增殖系数稳定在１０左右;不定根诱导的适宜条件是：１／２ＭＳ＋食用白糖２０ｇ／Ｌ生根率达８６％;且自然散射光条件（１０００￣５０００Ｌｘ）优于灯光（１０００     

香蕉草叶柄离体培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以香蕉草叶柄为外植体进行离体培养及快速繁殖条件研究。结果表明,叶柄外植体在培养基MS＋6-BA 2．0mg／L＋NAA 0．3mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋卡拉胶7g／L上诱导形成愈伤组织后,转入分化培养基MS＋KT 1．0mg/L＋NAA0．2mg/L可诱导不定芽分化;不定芽转入增殖培养基MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋NAA 0．5mg／L可旺盛增殖,增殖系数4．5。不定根分化培养基为MS＋IBA 0．2mg／L＋NAA 0．05mg／L,生根苗在水族箱移栽成活率达98％。     

玉竹的组织培养与快速繁殖

以玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce]根状茎、叶片和茎段为外植体,于附加不同激素配比的MS培养基中诱导愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根,探讨增殖培养和植株再生的条件.结果表明,叶片和茎段外植体诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化率很低;而根状茎外植体易于培养,有较高的诱导率和增殖倍数,其愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根的诱导率分别可达87%、90%和99%以上.适宜根状茎外植体愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,有利于增殖和丛生芽分化的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA和MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,而1/2MS+3.0～5.0 mg/L NAA适宜诱导试管苗生根培养.试管苗的移栽成活率可达85%以上.     

朱顶红鳞茎芽诱导及植株再生体系的建立

以朱顶红杂交品种红孔雀(Amaryllis vittatacv. Red Peacock)鳞茎盘切块为外植体,对影响鳞茎芽直接萌发增殖及生根的主要因素进行了研究,以建立其高效再生体系.结果表明:(1)1/2MS基本培养基有利于鳞茎芽的萌发和生长;切分方式不同对朱顶红鳞茎增殖具显著效应,偏离切分鳞茎可显著提高增殖系数,最高增殖系数可达6,平均增殖系数为3.6;而对半切分或未切分的增殖系数较低.(2)1/2MS 0.1 mg/L NAA 1.5 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 g/L活性炭的培养基利于鳞茎增殖;活性碳可显著提高鳞茎生根率,在1/2MS 0.1 mg/L NAA 2.0 g/L活性炭的培养基上生根率可达100%,而未加活性炭的生根率较低;再生植株经25 d的自然光照驯化后进行移栽,成活率达90%以上.     

广东石豆兰的组织培养（简报）

以广东石豆兰茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖体系研究.结果表明,芽诱导最佳培养基为MS + 6-BA 0.1 mg/L + NAA 0.01 mg/L;增殖培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.5 mg/L + NAA 0.05 mg/L,增殖系数达4～5倍;生根培养基为1/2 MS + IBA 1.0 mg/L,生根率可达90%.将生根苗移栽入小颗粒碳化树皮基质中,成活率可达90%.     

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var. reliculatus)的快速繁殖

以厚皮甜瓜 (Cucumismelovar.reliculatus)西薄洛托带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖研究。结果表明 :在MS BA 0 .5～ 1 .0mg/L IAA 0 .1mg/L的培养基上利于诱导形成丛生芽 ,芽的月增殖系数达到 1 1以上 ;在 1 /2MS IAA 0 .5mg/L培养基上并经暗处理 3d最易生根 ,生根率 90 % ;在蛭石 :草炭土 =1 :1 (体积比 )基质中移栽驯化效果好。试管植株定植大田后种性不变 ,生长和结果习性优于种子苗。     

沉水植物微齿眼子菜的离体快速繁殖(简报)

以微齿眼子菜茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖体系研究.结果表明:芽诱导最佳培养基为MS KT 0.5mg/L NAA 0.05mg/L GA3 2.0mg/L;增殖培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L,增殖系数达8～10倍;生根培养基为1/2MS IBA 0.5mg/L,生根率达90%.移栽到带有泥土的水缸中,成活率达95%以上.     

不同生长调节剂对丹参快速繁殖的影响

探讨了丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)快速繁殖过程中不同生长调节剂的影响.实验表明:MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L是诱导初代培养的芽产生大量丛生芽的最佳培养基,其诱导生芽率为100%;最佳的丛生芽增殖培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.01 mg/L,其增殖倍数为15倍;MS 6-BA 0.5～2.0 mg/L是诱导大量不定芽的最佳培养基,其诱导生芽率为100%,最佳的不定芽增殖培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L,其增殖倍数为24倍;诱导生根较好的培养基为1/2MS IBA 0.1 mg/L,生根率为98%,移栽成活率为100%.     

‘灿烂’蓝莓组培与快繁技术

以蓝莓良种‘灿烂’半木质化茎段为材料,通过对增殖培养基以及生根培养基的筛选,建立蓝莓高效组培快繁技术体系。结果表明,最佳的增殖培养基为1/2MS＋2.0 mg·L^-1 ZT＋0.01 mg·L^-1 NAA＋30 g·L^-1白糖＋6.5 g·L^-1琼脂,芽诱导率为87%,增殖系数达3.6;ZT 1.0～2.0 mg·L^-1对不定芽诱导效果明显,随着ZT浓度的提高,愈伤组织产生越明显,影响增殖苗的质量。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋1.5 mg·L^-1 IBA＋0.01 mg·L^-1 NAA ＋25 g·L^-1白糖＋7.0 g·L^-1琼脂,pH值5.8,生根率70%,IBA浓度从0.5 mg·L^-1提高到1.5 mg·L^-1,生根越多,根系越壮,但也产生更多愈伤组织影响生根质量。炼苗10 d后移栽至草炭土,成活率78%。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.