猪脂肪基质细胞成骨与成脂分化潜能的研究

目的:探索猪脂肪基质细胞体外培养和向成骨与脂肪细胞分化的条件。方法:常规方法培养猪脂肪基质细胞,分别向成骨细胞与脂肪细胞进行诱导,应用免疫组化(碱性磷酸酶法、茜素红)及油红O染色对诱导分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果:在体外培养条件下,猪的脂肪基质细胞呈成纤维样,生长旺盛,在一定的条件下,可分别被诱导分化为成骨细胞与脂肪细胞,向成骨分化的细胞表达碱性磷酸酶,在培养皿中可形成钙化斑。而在向脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中,细胞中可见有小脂滴生成,用油红O染色呈橘红色。结论:脂肪基质细胞是一种混合细胞,除了能向脂肪细胞分化外,在一定的诱导条件下,也能向成骨细胞分化。     

成骨细胞的培养及阿伦磷酸钠对其的影响

碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原等通常作为骨分化的特异性指标。骨形成蛋白、转化生长因子-β、地塞米松等是促进骨髓基质细胞分裂增殖并定向分化为成骨细胞的特异性因素。矿化液诱导骨髓基质细胞转化为成骨细胞是相关领域学者普遍采用的方法。阿伦磷酸钠在一定浓度下不影响成骨细胞的增殖,甚至可能促进成骨细胞增殖或成熟分化。本文综述了该领域的最新研究进展。     

成年绒山羊皮肤干细胞克隆定向诱导分化为成骨细胞

成年绒山羊皮肤经0.02%中性蛋白酶4℃过夜消化,分离表皮,37℃消化30min,经100μg/mlIV型胶原处理的培养皿黏附10min筛选干细胞,培养到第二代时采用有限稀释法进行单细胞克隆纯化,角蛋白15、角蛋白19免疫荧光染色部分细胞强阳性,添加成骨细胞诱导液定向诱导分化,经碱性磷酸酶、茜素红染色鉴定为阳性,表明分离的细胞是皮肤干细胞且有能力诱导分化为成骨细胞。     

氯化钙对大鼠脂肪组织来源间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用

脂肪组织来源的间充质干细胞(AMSCs)可用于治疗成骨分化后的骨缺损。为了揭示氯化钙(CaCl_2)对大鼠AMSCs成骨分化的作用,本研究大鼠AMSCs分别在标准成骨分化培养基(含有地塞米松,抗坏血酸和β-甘油磷酸酯)、CaCl__2培养基(含有8 mmol/L CaCl_2)和基础培养基(阴性对照)中培养,诱导后7 d、10 d、14 d和21 d,分别使用茜素红染色(ARS)检测钙沉积现象,使用磺酰罗丹明B法测定细胞增殖,并测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和ALP的转录水平。结果显示,与成骨分化培养基组相比,8 mmol/L CaCl_2显著增强成骨分化,并且促进细胞增殖。因此,应用CaCl_2诱导间充质干细胞,有望成为成骨诱导的替代或辅助方法。     

染料木黄酮对成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的：研究染料木黄酮对体外培养乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞增殖分化的影响。方法：取乳鼠颅盖骨,采用胶原-胰蛋白酶消化法,进行颅骨成骨细胞培养,取第二代成骨细胞,添加10^-5～10^-7mol／L染料木黄酮,在CO2孵箱中培养48h和72h后MTT比色法测定细胞增殖,培养72h采用^3H-TdR和^H-Pro掺入实验测定DNA和胶原合成。用试剂盒检测细胞裂解液碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。结果：染料木黄酮明显增加成骨细胞MTT的吸光度值、^3H-TdR和^3H-Pro的掺入,增加成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性。结论：染料木黄酮促进体外培养的乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞DNA和胶原的合成,促进增殖和分化。     

乙酰水杨酸预处理骨髓间充质干细胞对实验性牙周炎大鼠的治疗作用

本研究旨在探讨应用乙酰水杨酸(ASA)预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)治疗对大鼠牙周炎模型中的牙周骨修复的影响。通过建立大鼠牙周炎动物模型并使用ASA和BMMSCs联和治疗大鼠,本研究检测了体外BMMSCs的成骨分化、成脂分化、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达,并检测大鼠相关炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-17和IL-10)水平。结果显示,使用成骨培养基诱导BMMSCs后,可清晰地观察到BMMSCs的成骨分化和成脂分化。体外研究显示,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖,提高了碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,促进了钙沉积和上调了成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达。此外,与未治疗的牙周炎大鼠比较,经ASA-BMMSCs治疗的牙周炎大鼠的TNF-α和IL-17水平显著下降,而IL-10显著升高。本研究表明,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖和成骨分化。ASA和BMMSCs联用能够调节大鼠体内相关细胞因子的表达,并减轻炎症反应,可能是牙周炎治疗和牙周骨再生的有效方法。     

体外培养所形成的细胞外基质对MC3T3-E1细胞生长和分化的影响

细胞外基对组织细胞起支持、保护、营养作用,对细胞的增殖、分化有重要影响,在细胞和组织工程中,应该充分考虑细胞外基质的作用。本研究首先脱去培养板中融合培养的原代小鼠心肌成纤维细胞和成骨细胞,获得两种体外形成的细胞外基质包被的培养板,其中成骨细胞细胞外基质中含有骨形成蛋白2。然后将MC3T3-E1成骨前体细胞接种在这种培养板中,发现成纤维细胞胞外基质包被的培养板中的细胞增殖活性最高,而成骨细胞胞外基质包被的培养板中细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性、骨形成蛋白2和骨桥蛋白的相对蛋白表达量最高,细胞外钙沉积量比其他组高1倍左右。结果表明：包被在培养板上的这两种细胞外基质有不同的生物活性,成纤维细胞胞外基质可促进成骨前体细胞增殖,成骨细胞胞外基质可促进成骨前体细胞骨向分化。     

女贞子对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

为探讨女贞子Fructus Ligustri Lucidi体外对大鼠成骨样细胞UMR-106增殖与分化的影响,女贞子水提物(LWE)以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系,用Am-Blue细胞增殖与活性检测试剂检测成骨细胞的增殖情况;以检测细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性为指标考察成骨细胞的分化情况。结果表明,LWE在100μg/mL作用48 h能促进细胞的增殖,作用24~48 h能明显促进细胞的分化。在转染了5×ERE-Luc荧光素酶报告基因质粒的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中检测到LWE能促进雌激素受体反应元件调控下的荧光素酶的表达;且LWE促UMR-106细胞分化的作用能被雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI18270所抑制,表明女贞子很可能是通过雌激素受体信号途径对成骨细胞的分化起作用的。     

低浓度万古霉素复合PMMA骨水泥的细胞毒性研究

目的:研究低浓度万古霉素(1%)复合聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA骨水泥对SD仔鼠原代成骨细胞的增殖以及凋亡的影响。方法:采用分离SD仔鼠颅骨与胰酶消化法获取SD仔鼠原代成骨细胞,通过细胞爬片碱性磷酸酶染色对原代成骨细胞进行鉴定;利用CCK-8法检测低浓度万古霉素复合PMMA及纯PMMA骨水泥浸提液对SD大鼠原代成骨细胞的增殖影响、流式细胞仪检测万古霉素复合PMMA及纯PMMA骨水泥浸提液对对SD大鼠原代成骨细胞的凋亡影响。结果:SD大鼠原代成骨细胞在低浓度万古霉素复合PMMA骨水泥浸提液中第1、2、3天的增殖更明显(P0.05),在纯PMMA骨水泥浸提液中第1、5天凋亡显著增加(P0.05)。结论:低浓度万古霉素复合PMMA骨水泥相比PMMA骨水泥具有较低的细胞毒性,在临床应用于骨缺损伴局部骨感染的治疗方面具有一定的优势。     

机械牵张力对成骨细胞及骨髓间充质干细胞的作用

牵张成骨过程与通常的骨愈合过程有明显的不同,可以将其解读为牵张和成骨两个方面.骨髓间充质干细胞在一定的条件下可以分化为成骨细胞,而成骨细胞是骨改建的主要效应细胞.作用在两骨段的牵张力促进或激发了成骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖和分化从而实现骨的再生.近年来,关于牵张成骨过程中骨组织的超微结构变化的研究已经相对明了,在力学机制尚未完全明确.本文综述了牵张力对成骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖和分化方面的影响.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.