首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
于1997年10月到1999年10月在泰国KhaoYai国家公园对两种同域分布的物种(即豹猫和云豹)进行了研究。使用带诱饵的陷阱捕捉了这些动物,进行麻醉,确定了性别、年龄,并戴上了无线电项圈,对6只雌性豹猫和4只雄性豹猫进行了1—18个月的无线电追踪。豹猫在干旱季节的利用区域大于雨季,雄性利用的区域大于雌性。在夜间和晨昏时节,豹猫活动增加,但是并没有节律性活动。所有豹猫个体在旱季和雨季的活动都相似,但雄性个体的白天活动多于雌性。豹猫的行走距离有性别差异但是没有季节差异;其食物以鼠类为主。分别对1只雌性云豹和1只雄性云豹进行了17个月和7个月的无线电追踪,雌性个体的活动面积为39.4km^2,而雄性个体活动面积为42.2km^2,核心区都是2.9km2。云豹对半绿林的使用大于其它类型的植被,在晨昏和夜间的活动增加,其活动无节律。  相似文献   

2.
为了复壮扬子鳄野生种群数量,实施养殖扬子鳄放归自然是重要途径之一.通过对人工养殖扬子鳄进行野外放归的试验研究,以探明其在野外环境下活动情况和适应能力.2007年6~11月,采用无线电遥测跟踪、望远镜观察和夜间辅助灯光望远镜观察等方法,对健康的4条5.5年龄和3条2.5年龄的人工养殖扬子鳄在自然环境下活动情况进行观察;在2008和2009年的5月,将这些鳄重捕后测量它们的大小并察看生长情况.结果显示:扬子鳄的释放初期经历了过渡期和争夺领域期2个阶段,20天后处于不同的区域内,具领域特征和营建洞穴行为,能够安全越冬;逐渐恢复野生习性,自我保护的警惕性提高,逃避威胁的能力加强;小龄鳄生长明显,大龄鳄没有明显生长,这与它们所处环境的食物种类有关;鳄性成熟后,能够成功繁殖.总之,人工养殖扬子鳄能够适应相应的自然环境,能够正常生活、生存和繁衍.  相似文献   

3.
环境因素对圈养的扬子鳄营巢和产卵的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
夏同胜  蒋宣清 《四川动物》2005,24(3):373-377
在2002~2004年的6-7月,每天观察扬子鳄的营巢行为,记录天气状况,得出扬子鳄的营巢时间受天气的影响,巢材湿度会影响鳄的产卵时间;在6月下旬末大雨天后,连续2~3天气温能保持在26~35℃时,鳄就会产卵;在整个产卵期巢受到严重破坏时,鳄不会产卵。  相似文献   

4.
野生扬子鳄栖息地植被多样性   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
2003年6~7月,采用样方法,对野生扬子鳄在安徽省南陵县、泾县、广德县、郎溪县和宣城地区等5县市的22个栖息地的植被进行了野外实地调查,并对植物种类作了详细的记录和分析,结果发现,野生扬子鳄栖息地植被均属于次生性植被,共有维管束植物92科294种;苦竹(Pteioblastus amarus)灌丛广泛分布于每个栖息地;22个调查点的植被多样性存在一定的差异.同时还初步分析了野生扬子鳄与栖息地植被多样性之间的关系,为野生扬子鳄的保护提供植物生态学基础资料。  相似文献   

5.
研究以初孵扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)性腺组织为实验材料, 开展Forkhead box家族蛋白-1(FoxO1)基因CDS区克隆和序列特征分析。利用免疫组织化学检测其在胃、肠和肺脏等组织中的表达谱, 结合免疫荧光(IF)、RT-PCR和Western Blot探讨其在不同出壳后日龄(17日龄、63日龄和96日龄)雌性扬子鳄性腺组织中的时空表达规律, 探讨其在雌性扬子鳄性腺发育过程中的生物学功能。研究成功克隆获得FoxO1基因长度为1941 bp的完整编码区及646个预测编码氨基酸序列。与其他物种间进行同源性比对和构建进化树分析发现, 扬子鳄FoxO1基因与鸟类的亲缘关系相较中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)和原矛头蝮(Protobothrops mucrosquamatus)等爬行动物更近。在其他脊椎动物中, 哺乳动物、硬骨鱼和两栖物种也各自聚类称为子群, 表明FoxO1兼具功能保守性和种间特异性; 免疫组织化学结果表明FoxO1在初孵鳄性腺复合体、肺、胃和肠中均有表达, 免疫荧光结果表明17日龄性腺组织中的FoxO1主要表达于肾上腺和中肾区但在皮质部呈微弱表达, 在63日龄性腺皮质部表达逐渐上调且呈无规则随机分布, 在96日龄性腺皮质部中卵母细胞发育程度更高的位置呈强表达; RT-PCR结果表明不同时期扬子鳄性腺组织FoxO1基因mRNA表达量差异不显著, Western Blot结果显示性腺组织中的FoxO1表达量呈先上升后下降的变化模式, 表现为63日龄FoxO1基因表达量显著高于17日龄和96日龄, 相关结果对于丰富扬子鳄卵子发生调控机制提供了重要的研究参考。  相似文献   

6.
扬子鳄雌鳄血糖季节性变化的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法处理雌性成年扬子鳄的血浆,经光电比色,测得不同季节中雌性成年扬子鳄血糖值,发现其血糖值有着季节性变化。3月底出眠前,血糖水平降至一年中的最低点(71.32±7.09mg/100ml),出眠后血糖迅速上升,至4月26日达全年最高峰(209.72±33.00mg/100ml),随后降至108.78±23.50mg/100ml的基准水平左右,人眠前其血糖水平又出现一低一矮的峰值。这种季节性变化与扬子鳄的生理周期和环境温度变化有一定联系。  相似文献   

7.
中国科学院动物研究所的朱承聃先生是我国最早研究扬子鳄的学者之一。他去世后,我接手了这部分工作。1955—1956年.我会同浙江、江西、安徽的林业部门全面调查了扬子鳄在这些省份的历史分布区域。调查结果显示.江西和浙江已无扬子鳄分布,而安徽的种群严重衰退。后来由于众所周知的原因,扬子鳄的研究停顿了。  相似文献   

8.
扬子鳄种群的微卫星DNA多态及其遗传多样性保护对策分析   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
黄磊  王义权 《遗传学报》2004,31(2):143-150
扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)是中国特有的珍稀保护动物,为保护这一濒危物种,我国于80年代初在安徽宣州先后建立了扬子鳄繁殖研究中心和国家级扬子鳄自然保护区,现饲养种群存鳄数量已达10000余头。为了揭示扬子鳄种群的遗传结构,共采集了39个个体的样品,其中包括6件剥制标本,按代系不同,分为野生群、F1代饲养群及F1代饲养群,用微卫星DNA分子标记对其进行研究。分析结果显示:扬子鳄种群在微卫星水平表现出很低的遗传多样性,平均等位基因数A=2.38,平均有效等位基因数Ne=1.60,平均观察杂合度He=0.374,平均期望杂合度He=0.350,平均多态信息含量PIG=0.327,3个群体间A、Ne、Ho、He、PIC及各微卫星位点等位基因频率分布无显著差异,但F1代饲养群在Ami-μ-6和Ami-μ-222两个位点表现出极显著的遗传不平衡。扬子鳄种群遗传多样性水平低下的主要原因是近几十年来种群数量大幅减少造成,现阶段应将全部现存的扬子鳄作为一个整体加以保护。  相似文献   

9.
1994年8~9月,对安徽扬子鳄国家级自然保护区扬子鳄资源进行了抽样调查,见到有鳄活动痕迹的洞口104个,用光点计数法实见鳄77条,访问法计数为253条,由此分析保护区内有鳄667~740条,其种群年龄锥体为上宽下窄,反映出扬子鳄在野外生存形势严峻。该年,安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心存鳄4376条,其中种鳄248条,孵化幼鳄1542条,其它不等龄鳄2586条,种群年龄锥体为上窄下宽,是一个迅速增长的种群,生存形势良好。  相似文献   

10.
1994年8~9月,对安徽扬子鳄国家级自然保护区扬子鳄资源进行了抽样调查,见到有鳄活动痕迹的洞口104个,用光点计数法实见鳄77条,访问法计数为253条,由此分析保护区内有鳄667~740条,其种群年龄锥体为上宽下窄,反映出扬子鳄在野外生存形势严峻。该年,安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心存鳄4376条,其中种鳄248条,孵化幼鳄1542条,其它不等龄鳄2586条,种群年龄锥体为上窄下宽,是一个迅速增长的种群,生存形势良好  相似文献   

11.
The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is a critically endangered species in China. Wild populations of Chinese alligator are on the edge of extinction. Through a release program, some captive‐bred alligators will be selected and released into the wild to supplement and renew natural populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of captive‐bred Chinese alligators by AFLP markers and to select individuals with maximally different genetic backgrounds for release. Forty‐three captive‐bred alligators of the second filial generation from the Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction (ARCCAR) were surveyed using four primer combinations, yielding 117 AFLP markers. According to AFLP fingerprints, six samples had distinctly different band patterns compared to other samples. When the six samples were removed from the analysis, there were 19 monomorphic loci and 98 polymorphic loci yielding 84% polymorphic loci. Moreover, the genetic similarity (GS) among 37 samples varied from 0.13–0.97, and the average was 0.7503±0.0064 standard error (SE). When the six samples were included, the GS value among the 43 samples declined and varied from 0.06–0.97, and the average was 0.6523±0.0079 SE. Based on a cluster analysis using UPGMA, a dendrogram of the 43 alligators was constructed. According to the cluster analysis and gender of the 43 samples, eight Chinese alligators with very different genetic backgrounds were selected and suggested for release with two groups in the future. Zoo Biol 0:1–12, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

12.
野生扬子鳄种群动态变化及致危因素   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
1998—2003年,采用问卷调查、走访居民、夜间灯光照射计数等方法,对可能有野生扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)分布的安徽省、浙江省和江苏省的45个地点进行了调查。结果发现:目前野生扬子鳄呈点状分布在至少23个地点,个体总数约120条,主要集中分布在安徽扬子鳄国家级自然保护区内。通过连续调查和对比分析表明:自20世纪50年代扬子鳄数量急剧下降(从5000—6000条下降为120条),但1998年至今其数量保持相对稳定(120条),种群的致危因素主要是栖息地破坏、人为捕杀、环境污染、自然灾害、繁殖力低等。在不同时期导致数量下降的因素不同:1950—1990年问,主要是由于栖息地丧失、人为捕杀等;目前的主要致危因素是缺乏适宜的自然栖息地,环境污染和遗传多样性丧失是潜在的致危因素。旱灾对野生扬子鳄生存的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

13.
野放前候选扬子鳄泄殖腔的细菌鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)是中国濒危的物种,野生鳄种群已濒临灭绝。通过放归工程,将挑选饲养鳄放养到野外去扩大野生种群。本文的研究目的是通过检测扬子鳄的健康状况为扬子鳄的筛选提供依据。从 25 条准备进行野放的扬子鳄泄殖腔中筛选出 13 种形态不同的菌株。应用细菌学和分子生物学方法,鉴定它们分别属于 6个属的 8 个种和一个未分类的菌;从扬子鳄生活的水体中筛选出 8 种形态不同的菌株,鉴定它们分别属于 1 个属的 4 个种。经分析,除了未分类的菌之外,从扬子鳄泄殖腔中分离得到的菌株都是非致病性的且不同于扬子鳄生活水体中分离的菌株,因此可以认为这些扬子鳄是健康的,可以野放。由于从标记为 AS12 的扬子鳄体内分离到一个分类地位尚未确定的菌,对它的生理生化特征进行了检测,但这种菌的致病性方面特征尚不清楚,建议不考虑野放标记为 AS12 的扬子鳄个体。  相似文献   

14.
A survey of wild Chinese Alligator was conducted from July to August 1999 and from August to September 2000 by direct counting after dark (20 z00pm) using headlamps or a 12v portable spotlight. At each site visited , the authors mapped the ponds using laser rangefinder and compass , characterized the physical nature of the ponds and vegetation , and conducted interviews with local residents. The location of all sites was recorded using a hand2held GPS. There are 26 sites in 5 counties that were surveyed where wild Chinese Alligators still exist in Anhui province , including 13 designated conservation sites of the National Chinese Alligator Reserve. The current wild alligator populations mainly exist in the best type of habitat , which totals 17.4 ha with estimated populations of 50.7 % in 1999 and 40.0 % in 2000. This can be compared with the other two types of habitat , which total 22. 0 ha and 19. 0 ha , with their estimated population numbers of 24.0 % in 1999 and 30.9 % in 2000 , and 25.3 % in 1999 and 29.1 % in 2000 respectively. The average ecological densities of the alligators in the two years were 1.3 ind. / ha and 1.8 ind. / ha , with an estimated population of 145 individuals. However , the population has been evidently divided into 18 isolated small local populations with different numbers of individuals. We suggest that habitat should be restored and captive-reared alligators should be reint roduced into the area to rebuild a viable population.  相似文献   

15.
野生扬子鳄种群及栖息地现状研究   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24  
1999年7~8月及2000年8~9月,利用GPS、激光测距仪等,采用夜间灯光照射计数方法,对 有野生扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)存在的安徽省宣州、泾县、广德、郎溪、南陵等5 县市的26个地点进行了调查,包括扬子鳄国家级自然保护区的13个指定保护点。结果发现: 目前野生扬子鳄主要生存在第一类栖息地(1999年50.7%、2000年40.0%),面积为17.38 hm2;其他两类栖息地的野生扬子鳄分布比率较小(各为1999年24.0%、2000年30.9%、1999 年25.3% 、2000年29.1%),面积分别为22.04hm2、19.03hm2。两年的平均生态密度分别为1.28条/hm2和1.79条/hm2,野生扬子鳄种群数量为145条。其种群已明显分为至少18个数 量不等且相互隔离的地方种群。建议恢复足够大的栖息地,并放饲养鳄于其中以重新 建立有效野生种群。  相似文献   

16.
影响扬子鳄产蛋量的因素分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
1997~2006年对安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心内的扬子鳄亲本、F1代和F2代繁殖鳄群体在冬眠环境条件、采食量、年龄等方面进行观察,对各代繁殖鳄的年产蛋数量进行统计。用SPSS11.0软件中的one-way ANOVA方法分析比较人工饲养鳄各代群体之间及人工饲养鳄与野生鳄群体之间年产蛋数量的变化关系,结果显示区域内扬子鳄所建造的洞穴数量和其所建造洞穴的质量决定着圈养鳄的冬眠质量,鳄的冬眠质量影响到鳄体内的性腺系统正常发育,最终影响扬子鳄次年能否参加产蛋;年采食量影响鳄的产蛋数量。通过第1、2、5年间产蛋量F值检验(F值=4.866,P=0.009<0.05),得出圈养条件下扬子鳄的产蛋数量是随着产龄的增加而呈增长的趋势。  相似文献   

17.
野生扬子鳄洞穴口的位置选择   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
1999年至 2 0 0 2年 7~ 10月内的 4个时段 ,在安徽扬子鳄国家级自然保护区内调查发现野生扬子鳄洞穴 4 0个 (现用 2 4个 ,遗弃 16个 )。对洞口的方向、隐蔽程度、距水面高度、与水源距离及与村落距离等 5个可能影响扬子鳄洞穴选择的环境变量做了测定。结果表明 :87 5 %的洞口在水面 0~ 0 5m及 <0m ,85 0 %距水源 <5m ,32 5 %朝北 ,72 5 %植被覆盖度≤ 70 % ,4 2 5 %距村落 <10 0m ;距水面高度、与水源距离、洞口方向和隐蔽程度的主成分贡献率依次降低 ,累计达 76 6 %。方便入水是洞口位置选择的主要因素  相似文献   

18.
Growth rates of Chinese and American alligators   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Growth rates in two closely related species, Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator) and Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator), were compared under identical conditions for at least 1 year after hatching. When hatched, Chinese alligators were approximately 2/3 the length and approximately 1/2 the weight of American alligator hatchlings. At the end of 1 year of growth in captivity in heated chambers, the Chinese alligators were approximately 1/2 as long and weighed approximately 1/10 as much as American alligator yearlings. When the animals were maintained at 31 degrees C, Chinese alligator food consumption and length gain rates dropped to near zero during autumn and winter and body weights decreased slightly, apparently in response to the change in day length. At constant temperature (31 degrees C), food consumption by American alligators remained high throughout the year. Length gain rates in American alligators decreased slowly as size increased, but were not affected by photoperiod. Daily weight gains in American alligators increased steadily throughout the year. In autumn, provision of artificial light for 18 h a day initially stimulated both length and weight gain in Chinese alligators, but did not affect growth in American alligators. Continuation of the artificial light regimen seemed to cause deleterious effects in the Chinese alligators after several months, however, so that animals exposed to the normal light cycle caught up to and then surpassed the extra-light group in size. Even after removal of the artificial light, it was several months before these extra-light animals reverted to a normal growth pattern. These findings may be of interest to those institutions engaged in captive growth programs intended to provide animals for reintroduction to the wild or to protected habitat.  相似文献   

19.
Oviparous female reptiles select nesting sites with optimal ecological factors that contribute to egg development. Chinese alligator(Alligator sinensis), an oviparous reptile, is a critically endangered crocodilian with temperature-dependent sex determination. Research on its nesting behavior may facilitate the protection of this species. In this study, we monitored nesting behavior over eight years. We compared selected frequency of nest sites, distance from nest site to water, height from nest site top to the water surface, distance from nest site to human activity region, and canopy density between nest sites on the island and bank. The results showed that 45 nest sites were used by female alligators over eight years and each site was selected from one to 10 times. The selected frequency of nest site occurrence on the island was higher than that on the bank(P 0.001). We observed that 88% of the individual alligators(15/17) showed different degrees of nest site fidelity. However, Chinese alligators might not always be loyal to only one nest site because of environmental changes or interspecific competition at nest sites. Our findings suggest that female alligators prefer to nest at island, which might be because of the nests on the island had a higher canopy density(P = 0.010) and were further from the human activity region(P 0.001) than those on the bank did. It would be beneficial to reduce human activities during the breeding season and protect the vegetation of Chinese alligator habitats in the future. of the beach(Ali et al., 2005; Kamel and Mrosovsky, 2005; Turkozan et al., 2012). Other species such as snakes and lizards select nest sites with more moist substrates, which significantly increases their body size at hatching(Brown and Shine, 2004; Reedy et al., 2013). Nest site preference may be maintained for one or more breeding seasons(Janzen and Morjan, 2001; Kamel et al., 2006). When female chose the same site or area during different years, it is called nest site fidelity(Switzer, 1993). This nest choice behavior may influence offspring survival(Lindeman, 1992) and nest site fidelity has been documented in numerous species such as birds(Lindberg and Sedinger, 1997), turtles(Mitrus, 2006; Walde et al., 2007), tuatara(Refsnider et al., 2010), and crocodilians(Elsey et al., 2008).Chinese alligator(Alligator sinensis) is a critically endangered freshwater crocodilian endemic to China(Thorbjarnarson and Wang, 1999). Recent investigations show that there are no more than 130 Chinese alligators  相似文献   

20.
端粒(Telomere)是线性真核细胞染色体末端的一种结构,由高度重复的DNA序列和结合蛋白所构成。在脊椎动物中,端粒通常为富含TG简单重复序列(TFAGGG),其生物学功能是完成染色体末端复制,使DNA免受不恰当的修复以及防止端一端融合和核酸外切酶的降解(Dreesen et al.,2007)。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号