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1.
哈曼马鸡卵壳的超微结构和元素成分   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
用扫描电子显微镜观察了中国特有鸟类哈曼马鸡(Crossoptilon harmani)卵壳的超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测定了卵壳中的化学元素的含量。首次报道哈曼马鸡卵壳结构与元素成分。哈曼马鸡卵壳表面晶体层、栅栏锥体层和卵壳膜层的厚度分别为9.3、307.1和64.6μm,分别占卵壳总矿厚度的2.4%、80.6%和17%。在栅栏层有很多蜂窝小孔,测量了其直径。卵壳表面的蛋孔形状有圆形、椭  相似文献   

2.
藏马鸡卵壳的扫描电镜观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张琳  胡灏 《四川动物》1997,16(3):127-129
利用扫描电镜对我国特有珍禽──藏马鸡的卵壳进行了超微结构观察。电镜下显示:藏马鸡卵壳从内向外由壳膜层、锥体层、海绵层和表层等组成。壳膜层内层致密、含少量纤维,外层为纵横交错成网状的纤维结构,锥体层由许多乳头状突起密集排列组成,海绵层为似沉积岩层的层状结构,表层在卵壳最外面,上由具保护性的透明蛋白质薄膜覆盖。与同属的褐马鸡的卵壳进行比较,其超微结构存在差异。  相似文献   

3.
为了解鸟类新种弄岗穗鹛卵壳的特征,利用扫描电镜对其卵壳进行了观察,并利用火焰原子吸收法和分光光度法对卵壳的部分元素成分进行了测量。结果显示弄岗穗鹛的卵壳厚约为(81.50±3.04)μm(n=30),从外向内依次分为4层:表面晶体层、栅栏层、锥体层和壳膜层。其中表面晶体层较为粗糙,有开放气孔分布;栅栏层结构紧密,是卵壳的主要构成部分,并遍布蜂窝状小孔;锥体层由锥体基层和乳锥层组成;壳膜层由多层直径约为(1.28±0.50)μm(n=30)蛋白质纤维组成。Ca是弄岗穗鹛卵壳的主要构成元素,含量达507.26mg/g,而Fe、Sr、Mn和Al为微量元素。弄岗穗鹛卵壳的特殊结构及元素组成可能是其对石灰岩生境及不擅长飞行的适应。  相似文献   

4.
略谈鸟卵壳   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
每种鸟所产的卵的卵壳在形态、结构和组成成分等方面都有较稳定的特异性。卵壳能为研究鸟的系统分类、演化和地理分布等提供有价值的科学资料。本文扼要地介绍了卵壳的超微结构——壳膜、乳头层、海绵层、护膜和气孔道等结构和功能。  相似文献   

5.
白额鹱卵壳的扫描电镜观察   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
本文报道白额鹱卵壳的壳膜、孔锥层、海绵层、表层等的超微结构,并对卵壳元素进行TN-5500能谱分析。  相似文献   

6.
为研究繁殖丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)弃卵原因,对其弃卵与正常卵壳超微结构及化学元素含量进行比较。以2014至2020年在扎龙保护区收集到丹顶鹤弃卵和正常孵化的卵各6枚为研究对象,利用电子扫描电镜观察比较其超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测量其化学元素含量,并对其卵壳厚度和密度进行测量和比较。弃卵壳厚度、密度分别为正常卵壳厚度、密度的68.0%(P <0.01)和71.5%(P <0.01);弃卵卵壳表面晶体层厚度不均,与栅栏层之间界限不明显,外表皮层有龟裂和条形两种裂纹,栅栏锥体层晶体中有微小球状中空结构和类似溶洞的腔室结构,壳膜层纤维表面的片状突起较少,这些结构均与正常卵壳不同。检测卵壳23种化学元素中,弃卵卵壳Ca、Na、P、Mg和K元素含量显著低于正常孵卵卵壳(P <0.05)。从卵壳结构和元素分析,卵壳元素含量异常、结构和功能缺陷有可能是导致其亲鸟弃卵的原因之一,这与亲鸟占据生境资源情况、与其他鸟类间繁殖压力、食物可获得性和生存对策等交互作用的影响有关。  相似文献   

7.
验证渗透作用的演示实验,使用的半透膜材料常见的有:玻璃纸,肠衣、膀胱、鸡蛋卵壳膜等。卵壳膜有2层,外层较厚,内膜较薄,在鸡卵的钝端内(大头),2层膜之间常分开形成一个小气室。由此处可分离出2层膜。下面我们分别使用卵壳膜内膜、外膜做对照实验。  相似文献   

8.
八种鸡形目鸟类卵壳及壳膜超微结构观察   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
8种鸡中,高原山鹑卵壳仅由乳突层和栅栏层构成,缺少护膜层,表面无裂纹,外气孔开放。其它种类由乳突层、栅栏层和护膜层构成,表面有裂纹、外气孔有覆盖。栅栏层都有与飞翔相适应的气泡,飞翔能力强,速度快的种类产卵壳气泡密度高的卵。  相似文献   

9.
中国特产雉类—褐马鸡,藏马鸡和蓝马鸡卵壳的电镜观察   总被引:16,自引:4,他引:12  
甘雅玲  卢汰春 《动物学报》1992,38(2):124-127
迄今为止,在国内有关野生鸟类卵壳的超微结构报道尚少。我们对中国特产鸡类——三种马鸡卵壳的表皮、气孔、木栅层、锥体层、乳头结、壳膜和基帽进行了扫描巨镜观察,并对结果进行了比较、讨论。认为三种马鸡不同结构的形态,对研究它们的亲缘关系提供了新的价值。  相似文献   

10.
本文首次报道纵纹腹小、、长耳卵壳的气孔、木栅层、锥体层、乳锥体、壳膜、基底帽等结构的扫描电镜观察,并对不同种类进行分析,初步探讨了它们的分类价值和生态意义。  相似文献   

11.
笼养褐马鸡繁殖行为的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘如笋 《动物学研究》1986,7(3):243-249
1984年我们对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)的繁殖行为作了观察。了解到它们的一些行为特征,通过这一工作希望有助于促进褐马鸡和其它珍禽的饲养管理和繁殖。 材料与方法 观察的三对褐马鸡,其中两对于1982年获自河北省西部的小五台山,都是当年的幼体;另一对于1983年初取自北京动物园,是1982年该园繁殖的后代。观察期间,褐马鸡圈养在笼舍内,舍内面积约3×2米,舍外架设网以防外逸并作为活动场所,面积约7×2.5米。观察是在距活动场10—15米的室内隐蔽处进行。录相是在活动场的护网外用  相似文献   

12.
Reciprocal immunization between parents of an Illinois family of ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus, resulted in antisera detecting two pairs of alloantigens segregating among 13 progeny. The four alloantigens were tentatively designated as 1 and 2, transmitted antithetically by the sire, and 3 and 4, transmitted antithetically by the dam. Genetic segregation occurring in second-generation progeny demonstrated that these two pairs of antigens belonged to a single genetic system. This alloantigen system was shown to correspond serologically to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken by cross-reactivity of the antigens of this system with specific subregional chicken MHC reagents, appropriately absorbed with erythrocytes of individual pheasants. These four haplotypes of the pheasant MHC were subsequently designated as MhcPhco-B1, MhcPhco-B2, MhcPhco-B3 and MhcPhco-B4. Traditional immunogenetic analysis of 30 pheasant families produced in this study disclosed a minimum of 14 pheasant haplotypes of this alloantigen system (MHC) to be segregating in the population under evaluation.  相似文献   

13.
观察了2001~2004年冬季分布于历山保护区的勺鸡的集群行为行。野外共观察120次,见到勺鸡1034只,其中95.3%的个体营集群生活,环境的异质性和天敌的捕食压力可能是导致勺鸡等雉类冬季集群的重要因素。  相似文献   

14.
勺鸡的生态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1984-1990年作者在安徽大别山北坡对勺鸡安徽亚种进行了系统观察,本文就其栖息地,垂直分布,活动规律,食性,繁殖习性及数量等报道于下。  相似文献   

15.
雉鸡的活动痕迹及种群密度的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
辜永河  陈浒  李正元 《四川动物》1998,17(3):120-121
本文报道了在不同生境中采用样方法对雉鸡及其活动痕迹进行调查,并根据D=N/B公式对所得的数据加以处理,其结果表明雉鸡在活动过程中所留下的巢、粪便等痕迹均以灌草丛为最多,而取食刨土所留下的痕迹则以农耕地为最多。其种群密度,在草坡为56只/km2,稀树灌丛草坡为78只/km2,灌丛草坡为156只/km2。  相似文献   

16.
Li H Q  Lian Z M  Chen C G 《农业工程》2009,29(6):335-340
The foraging habitat selections of brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) and the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were studied in Huanglongshan Nature Reserve Shaanxi, China. Foraging habitat characteristics were measured on the basis of expected differences between species at 183 sites from November to December 2006 and January 2007. The results showed that both species selected foraging habitats with altitude (<1200 m), conifer forest, half sunny and half shady slope, sunny slope, density of trees (<5 individuals/100 m2), cover of shrub (>50%), visibility class (<10%) and distance to water source (<300 m). However, the brown-eared pheasant selected habitats with cover of trees (30–50%), middle or lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<300 m) and human disturbance (<500 m), and the selection on density of shrub was not observed, compared to the selections on cover of trees (<30%), lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<500 m) and human disturbance (<300 m), and density of shrub (>500 individuals/100 m2) for common pheasant. We also found that the common pheasant avoid predators by concealment whereas brown-eared pheasant evade predations by running away strategy.  相似文献   

17.
Renata Swiergosz 《Biometals》1998,11(2):139-143
Mercury concentrations were determined in muscles and feathers of 58 cock pheasants. Birds were collected from seven different polluted sites in southern Poland in 1987. The mercury concentrations in the muscle ranged from 0.010 to 0.026 mug g dry mass. The significantly highest values were found in muscle samples from Przylasek and Przemysl. The levels found in the flight feathers were higher than in breast feathers. Average concentrations in flight feathers ranged from 0.050 mug g (Przemysl) to 0.240 mug g dry mass (Przylasek). © Rapid Science 1998  相似文献   

18.
陆源  杨岚 《动物学研究》1992,13(1):67-71
本文报道笼养和野生白腹锦鸡机体营养成分及其差异。分析表明,笼养的比野生种营养成分含量高的有:腿肌蛋白质高11%,胸肌、腿肌、全血的氨基酸分别高2.64%,1.39%和4.68%,胸肌、腿肌和肝脏的碳水化合物分别高0.076%、0.092%和3.962%,胸肌和腿肌的维生素A分别高188.63和84.09 I.U.,胸肌和腿肌的维生素D分别高47.2和12.8 I.U.。但是胸肌蛋白质含量笼养的比野生的低26%。  相似文献   

19.
The foraging habitat selections of brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) and the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were studied in Huanglongshan Nature Reserve Shaanxi, China. Foraging habitat characteristics were measured on the basis of expected differences between species at 183 sites from November to December 2006 and January 2007. The results showed that both species selected foraging habitats with altitude (<1200 m), conifer forest, half sunny and half shady slope, sunny slope, density of trees (<5 individuals/100 m2), cover of shrub (>50%), visibility class (<10%) and distance to water source (<300 m). However, the brown-eared pheasant selected habitats with cover of trees (30–50%), middle or lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<300 m) and human disturbance (<500 m), and the selection on density of shrub was not observed, compared to the selections on cover of trees (<30%), lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<500 m) and human disturbance (<300 m), and density of shrub (>500 individuals/100 m2) for common pheasant. We also found that the common pheasant avoid predators by concealment whereas brown-eared pheasant evade predations by running away strategy.  相似文献   

20.
The foraging habitat selections of brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) and the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were studied in Huanglongshan Nature Reserve Shaanxi, China. Foraging habitat characteristics were measured on the basis of expected differences between species at 183 sites from November to December 2006 and January 2007. The results showed that both species selected foraging habitats with altitude (<1200 m), conifer forest, half sunny and half shady slope, sunny slope, density of trees (<5 individuals/100 m2), cover of shrub (>50%), visibility class (<10%) and distance to water source (<300 m). However, the brown-eared pheasant selected habitats with cover of trees (30–50%), middle or lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<300 m) and human disturbance (<500 m), and the selection on density of shrub was not observed, compared to the selections on cover of trees (<30%), lower slope location, distance to edge of woods (<500 m) and human disturbance (<300 m), and density of shrub (>500 individuals/100 m2) for common pheasant. We also found that the common pheasant avoid predators by concealment whereas brown-eared pheasant evade predations by running away strategy.  相似文献   

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