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1.
黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
何斌  李青  刘勇 《广西植物》2019,39(8):1029-1038
该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
杭州湾滩涂湿地植被群落演替与物种多样性动态   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
以杭州湾不同年份形成的滩涂湿地植被群落为研究对象,采用样线法结合样方法进行调查取样,并通过除趋势对应分析排序研究了群落演替的动态和方向,同时采用Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数分析了物种多样性在群落演替过程中的动态变化.结果表明:该区域植被群落演替序列为海三棱藨草群落→芦苇群落→柽柳 芦苇群落→旱柳 白茅群落;随着演替的进行,群落物种丰富度显著增加,均匀度逐渐降低,物种多样性呈先增加后降低的趋势.  相似文献   

3.
管涔山撂荒地植物群落演替过程中物种多样性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
用TWINSPAN分类方法将管涔山撂荒地植物群落的演替过程划分为7群丛,分别属于植被演替的3个阶段--草本群落阶段、灌丛群落阶段和森林群落阶段.用物种多样性指数分析了物种丰富度、均匀度、多样性和优势度的变化规律,结果表明,随着演替时间的延长,物种丰富度和多样性有增加的趋势,优势度、均匀度有降低的趋势.用DCA排序分析植物群落的结构、组成和生活型在演替过程中的变化规律,表明随着群落环境条件的改善,群落内物种的组成发生了很明显的变化,最后发展为适应该区域环境条件的、以华北落叶松为建群种的、稳定的群落,结果显示群落内物种组成愈丰富,则多样性愈大.进一步用DCA排序分析物种多样性与海拔和时间之间的关系,表明随着海拔的升高和时间的延长,结论和前面一致--物种丰富度和多样性逐渐增加,优势度、均匀度逐渐降低.  相似文献   

4.
高寒草甸放牧利用下高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)等危害的发生是草地管理的关键难题,分析放牧管理模式对鼢鼠鼠丘植被群落演替的影响能为草地管理提供重要依据。研究选择划区轮牧(RG)、生长季休牧(GSG)、连续放牧(CG)和禁牧(PG)4种放牧管理模式,以及各模式下不同年限鼠丘(一年(ZM1)、两年(ZM2)、三年(ZM3)和多年鼠丘(ZMM))与对照(CM)草地。分析不同放牧管理模式对鼠丘植被群落特征和生物量等的影响,结果发现:PG和GSG下所有年限鼠丘的植被高度、地上生物量均高于RG和CG;RG和GSG下ZM1和ZM2物种Shannon-wiener指数均高于对照样地物种Shannon-wiener指数。主成分分析表明:RG下地上生物量和物种丰富度指数是影响鼠丘植被群落演替的重要因子,PG下地上生物量、盖度、Shannon-wiener指数和均匀度指数是鼠丘植被群落演替的重要因子,CG下物种丰富度和重要值是影响鼠丘植被群落演替的重要指标,GSG下Shannon-wiener指数、盖度和高度是影响鼠丘植被群落演替的重要指标。可见,不同放牧制度对鼠丘植被群落演替的影响不同,禁牧和生长季休牧管理模式能够较好地恢复鼠丘植被群落演替。  相似文献   

5.
以陕西省丹汉江流域退耕地南坡和北坡不同退耕年限的自然恢复植物群落为研究对象,开展群落物种组成调查,并进行物种多样性特征分析和群落极点排序,对该区退耕地恢复过程中的植被演替规律进行研究.结果表明:研究区退耕地植被演替的阶段依次为:一年生草本群落→多年生草本群落→灌草群落→乔灌草群落.形成多年生草本群落需2~5a,形成灌草群落需7~10 a,形成乔灌草群落需30 a以上.南坡和北坡不同类型退耕地的植被演替阶段相同,物种多样性指数略有差异.随着退耕年限的增加,南坡物种多样性指数总体呈先降后升的趋势;而北坡物种多样性指数呈先波动上升,而后在退耕30 a时略有下降.  相似文献   

6.
北京九龙山植物群落物种多样性特征对比分析   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
根据对北京九龙山植物群落的样地调查数据,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、群落均匀度和生态优势度指标研究了九龙山封育植被乔灌草各层的物种多样性,并分别就阳坡和阴坡进行了乔木材、灌价群落的指标对比分析,结果表明,这3种指标能够有效地表征暖温带植物群落的组成结构特征,在九龙山封育植被中,阴阳坡的灌丛群落与乔木材相比,其灌木层的物种多样性Shannon-Wiener指数D高于乔木林中乔木层,而低于其灌木层;灌丛群落的草本层Shannon-Wiener指数小于乔木材中草本层;乔木材的草本层的物种多样性Shannon-Wiener指数大于灌木层,灌木层又大于乔木层,而生态优势度系数C在上述3种比较中与Shannon-Wiener指数表现相反,而群落均匀度指数J在比较中阴阳坡的表现不同,最后讨论了九龙坡地区植被演替序列及加速其进展演替的恢复措施。  相似文献   

7.
海岛矿区岩质边坡植物群落演替中物种多样性的变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过植物群落调查,采用Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数,结合DCA排序和一元线性回归分析,考察了舟山海岛矿区岩质边坡植物物种构成特征,研究了植物群落演替过程中生物多样性的变化。结果表明:研究区可划分为3个植物群落演替阶段(草本植物群落阶段、灌丛群落阶段和灌乔群落阶段);演替过程中,物种丰富度指数显著上升,多样性指数和优势度指数逐渐升高;具有矿区特殊生境适应性的植物配置在边坡植被恢复进程中与自然植被表现出一定的差异,演替过程依次为迁入物种生长期、迁入物种与人工导入种竞争期、迁入物种与人工导入种稳定共存期;人工导入群落演替后期的植物种大大加速了群落演替进程;合理的植物配置更能促进群落向正演替方向发展。  相似文献   

8.
群落物种组成与功能多样性动态变化反映了种群的现状及未来群落的演替趋势。本文选取不同林龄刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)林的林下草地植被为研究对象,通过群落特征调查和功能性状测定,分析不同林龄刺槐林林下植物的群落物种组成及功能多样性的差异与动态变化。结果显示:(1)林下草地植物群落主要以菊科、蔷薇科多年生杂类草为主,随林龄的增加,以菊科为主的植物群落逐渐演替为以禾本科为主的植物群落,双子叶植物数目逐渐减少,单子叶植物数目逐渐增加。(2)除群落总盖度外,林下植物群落各数量特征随林龄的增加而增加。(3)Rao二次熵指数随林龄的增加而逐渐降低,功能丰富度指数、功能均匀度指数和功能离散度指数随林龄的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,功能多样性动态变化主要归因于群落地上生物量及植物叶片面积和质量的改变。  相似文献   

9.
采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)对山西霍山植被群落(12个样地56个样方)进行分类,并利用物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对不同演替阶段的群落物种多样性进行了比较分析.结果显示,用TWIN-SPAN法可将56个样方划分为10组,命名为10个群丛:山核桃+毛白杨-虎榛子-唐松草群丛(Ⅰ)、山核桃-虎榛子-白莲蒿群丛(Ⅱ)、车前+艾+乌头群丛(Ⅲ)、山核桃+油松-土庄绣线菊-细秆羊胡子草群丛(Ⅳ)、油松-绣线菊-细秆羊胡子草群丛(Ⅴ)、油松-沙棘-白茅群丛(Ⅵ)、辽东栎+山核桃-黄刺玫-细秆羊胡子草群丛(Ⅶ)、华北落叶松-鹅耳枥-蛇莓群丛(Ⅷ)、山梅花-石防风群丛(Ⅸ)和绣线菊-白茅群丛(Ⅹ).10个群丛可划分为6个演替阶段:弃耕地先锋群落阶段(群丛Ⅲ)、草本群落阶段(群丛Ⅹ)、灌木群落阶段(群丛Ⅸ)、先锋乔木群落阶段(群丛Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、混交林过渡群落阶段(群丛Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅷ)和顶级群落阶段(群丛Ⅶ).随着演替的进行,霍山植被的物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数都呈增加的趋势,并在演替的中后期(混交林过渡群落阶段)达到最大值;而在不同的演替阶段,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数的变化趋势也不同.各物种多样性指数中,Margalef丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数间有极显著的相关性(P<0.01),其余的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数间也有显著的相关性(P<0.05).说明山西霍山植被演替序列完整,在植被演替过程中,物种的种类和个体数量以及群落结构的复杂程度明显增加.  相似文献   

10.
深圳南山区天然森林群落多样性及演替现状   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
对南山区5个主要天然森林群落(铁榄群落、鼠刺 降真香群落、鸭脚木群落、假苹婆群落、水翁 假苹婆群落)的组成结构及物种多样性进行分析,并与相邻的香港地区地带性森林群落(黄桐群落)作比较。结果表明,依照亚热带及南亚热带森林群落演替规律,南山区天然林处于不同的演替发育阶段:铁榄群落处于演替第3阶段;鼠刺 降真香群落处于第4阶段;其它3个群落处于第5阶段,均未达到稳定的顶极群落阶段。随着铁榄群落、鼠刺 降真香群落、鸭脚木群落、假苹婆群落、水翁 假苹婆群落这个演替序列,物种丰富度的变化规律是:先逐渐上升,到达一个峰值,再缓慢下降。Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielous均匀度指数的变化规律与物种丰富度相同,Simpson指数变化曲线与这些指数相反。但这些指数反映的结果是一致的。综合多个指数分析,鸭脚木群落物种多样性最大,即当群落中阳生性树种与中生性树种优势度相差不大时。群落具有最大的物种多样性。多样性比较结果显示,南山森林群落物种多样性大大低于香港黄桐群落。5个群落的Shannon—Wiener指数在2.04~2.953之间,明显低于黄桐群落,其Shannon—Wiener指数为4.74;Simpson指数0.1~0.268,黄桐群落为0.05;Pielous均匀度指数64.2%~74%,黄桐群落为79%。南山森林群落物种多样性水平低下的状况与长期的人类干扰有关,必须尽快采取“封山育林”等相应措施来促进群落的保护和恢复。  相似文献   

11.
Climate and human-induced wetland degradation has accelerated in recent years, not only resulting in reduced ecosystem services but also greatly affecting the composition and diversity of wetland plant communities. To date, the knowledge of the differences in community parameters and their successional trends in degraded wetlands remains scarce. Here based on remote sensing images, geographic information system technology, and statistical methods, we produced a successional gradient map of the Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing, which has experienced a steady decline in water level in recent decades. In addition, we analyzed community composition and diversity along with each identified gradient. The results showed that community diversity decreases while dominance increases with the progress of succession, with the highest diversity occurring during the early stage of succession. Moreover, the community demonstrates greater similarity among subareas during later successional stages, and the similarity coefficients calculated from the important value (IV) of each species are more accurate. Correlation analysis showed that the impact of soil factors on diversity was not significant at a subarea scale, although these nutrients showed an increasing trend with the community succession. Furthermore, the IVs of the dominant species had a particularly significant impact on diversity, showing a significantly negative correlation with diversity indices and a significantly positive correlation with dominance indices. Further analysis showed that the retreat of water level resulted from sustained drought and local human activities was a major extrinsic driving force resulting in observed differences in the community successional stages, which resulted in differences in community composition and diversity. On the other hand, interspecific competition was the main intrinsic mechanism, which significantly influenced the IVs of the dominant species and community diversity. The results of this study could aid in improving the understanding of community composition, diversity, and its successional trends in degraded wetlands.  相似文献   

12.
The Sanjiang Plain is the biggest freshwater wetland locating in northeastern China. Due to climate change and human activities, that wetland has degraded to a successional gradient from the original flooded wetland to dry shrub vegetation and a forest area with lower ground water level, which may result in changes in soil microbiologic structure and functions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and community structure in relation to soil properties along that successional gradient. The soil physico‐chemical properties changed significantly with degradation stage. The Shannon diversity index of both soil bacteria (5.90–6.42) and fungi (1.7–4.19) varied significantly with successional stage (both p < .05). The community structures of soil bacteria and fungi in the early successional stages (i.e., the wetland) were significantly determined by water content, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen concentrations in soils, while those in the later successional stages (i.e., forests) were significantly structured by soil organic carbon, soil pH, and available phosphorus concentrations. These results suggest that the soil microbial structure is mainly determined by soil properties rather than by plant community such as plant species composition along successional stages.  相似文献   

13.
The initial floristic composition and structure of vegetation on a recontoured surface mine in southwestern Wyoming was experimentally manipulated to test ideas concerning successional convergence. Experimental treatments involving the planting pattern and density of shrubs and the storage of topsoil were evaluated on the basis of their ability to divert the successional trajectories of the redeveloping vegetation and to increase species diversity. The change in compositional similarity along a topographic gradient was also monitored.The influence of initial composition and soil storage generally declined with time; successional convergence among treatments over the four years of the study was largely monotonic. The planting of shrubs and the storage of topsoil did, however, influence the rate of plant succession. There were no persistent differences in alpha diversity among the experimental treatments. Compositional dissimilarity along the topographic gradient, as expressed by beta diversity, increased with time.  相似文献   

14.
Primary successions of glacier forelands are unique model systems to investigate community dynamics and assembly processes. However, successional changes of plant and insect communities have been mainly analysed separately. Therefore, changes in plant–insect interactions along successional gradients on glacier forelands remain unknown, despite their relevance to ecosystem functioning. This study assessed how successional changes of the vegetation influenced the composition of the flower-visiting insect assemblages of two plant species, Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heyw. and Saxifraga bryoides L., selected as the only two insect-pollinated species occurring along the whole succession. In addition, we investigated the links between reproductive output of these plants and pollinator abundance through experimental exclusion of pollinators. Plant community structure changed along the succession, affecting the distribution and the abundance of insects via idiosyncratic responses of different insect functional groups. L. alpina interacted with ubiquitously distributed pollinators, while S. bryoides pollinators were positively associated with insect-pollinated plant species density and S. bryoides abundance. With succession proceeding, insect assemblages became more functionally diverse, with the abundance of parasitoids, predators and opportunists positively related to an increase in plant cover and diversity. The reproductive output of both plant species varied among successional stages. Contrary to our expectation, the obligate insect-pollinated L. alpina showed a reproductive output rather independent from pollinator abundance, while the reproductive output of the self-fertile S. bryoides seemed linked to pollinator abundance. Observing ecological interactions and using functional traits, we provided a mechanistic understanding of community assembly processes along a successional gradient. Plant community diversity and cover likely influenced insect community assembly through bottom-up effects. In turn, pollinators regulate plant reproductive output through top-down control. We emphasise that dynamics of alpine plant and insect communities may be structured by biotic interactions and feedback processes, rather than only be influenced by harsh abiotic conditions and stochastic events.  相似文献   

15.
长白山针阔混交林不同演替阶段的昆虫多样性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
贾玉珍  赵秀海  孟庆繁 《昆虫学报》2009,52(11):1236-1243
昆虫多样性变化对生态系统健康有重要的指示作用, 为研究昆虫群落变化与生境演替之间的关系, 本研究采用网捕、灯诱和诱捕法系统调查了长白山针阔混交林不同演替阶段(次生白桦林、次生针阔混交林、原始阔叶红松林)昆虫群落的组成和多样性, 分析了昆虫在森林演替过程中的规律及与植被群落之间的关系。系统调查共采集昆虫标本8 183头, 隶属于14个目699种, 其中鳞翅目和鞘翅目是主要优势类群。次生针阔混交林昆虫的个体数量最多, 原始阔叶红松林中物种数最多。不同演替阶段昆虫群落的物种数和个体数差异不显著, 但次生针阔混交林、原始阔叶红松林的Fisher’s α指数显著高于次生白桦林。目水平上的昆虫多样性未表现出显著性差异. 昆虫多样性在森林演替过程中和草本植物多样性的变化趋势相同;由于食性和生境选择的不同, 森林演替过程中鳞翅目昆虫多样性逐渐升高, 而鞘翅目多样性逐渐降低。  相似文献   

16.
Environmental characteristics have a major effect on the species composition of seasonally dry tropical forest. However, this effect has been little considered when describing secondary succession of this ecosystem. We tested the hypothesis that local environmental heterogeneity influences successional trajectories when high species richness is available. Changes in species composition and structure were described in 126 vegetation plots differing in successional stage and located along a topographical and soil nutrient gradient. Variation in community composition was partitioned between successional stage, environmental characteristics, and spatial structure using redundancy analyses. In addition, relationships between plot distance matrices for these factors were analysed by means of Mantel tests. High species turnover was observed during succession and species composition similarity was higher among late successional forest than among early and intermediate forests. A higher portion of variation in species composition was explained by environmental characteristics compared to successional stage, whereas the spatial structure of the data was weak. Our results suggest that in the region of study, variation in the successional trajectories is occurring owing to environmental heterogeneity, as well as to human disturbance and other unmeasured processes.  相似文献   

17.
通过对科尔沁沙地植被恢复系列上不同阶段的群落取样,研究了植被恢复过程中群落物种组成、物种多样性的变化过程.在演替时间分别为1年、3年、5年、12年、20年和30年的群落中,物种丰富度分别为7、11、17、14、28和30种,而物种多样性指数分别为1.458 8、2.610 0、3.108 4、1.696 8、3.738 6、3.639 6.在生活型结构上,一年生植物的种类数量占绝对优势,但随着演替进展,多年生植物的种类数量增加且单种植物的优势度超过了一年生植物,表明多年生植物在群落功能维持中占据重要地位.随演替进展,来自不同科属的植物增加.藜科植物在演替过程中种类数量较为稳定,特别是在演替早期藜科植物占有很高的优势度.禾本科种类随演替进展不断增加,且在群落中的优势度逐渐上升.总体上,随演替进展群落种类组成与物种多样性增加,群落生态优势度下降,而均匀度增加,群落趋向稳定.  相似文献   

18.
云南松林次生演替阶段土壤细菌群落的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土壤细菌多样性是维持森林生态系统功能的关键因子,森林演替是影响其动态变化的重要因素。研究云南松林不同演替阶段土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的变化规律,有助于深入理解森林生态系统恢复过程的驱动机制。本研究以云南省永仁县皆伐后形成的针叶林、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为对象,基于Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术,分析森林演替过程中土壤细菌群落组成、结构、多样性及其影响因子的变化。结果表明: 土壤细菌的种群分类单元、Ace指数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数均随着演替进行呈减少趋势,演替早期阶段土壤的细菌总数、菌群丰富度及复杂程度最高。不同演替阶段细菌群落结构存在显著差异,其中,针阔混交林的差异最大,变形菌门和酸杆菌门为各演替序列共有的优势类群,放线菌门、绿弯菌门和Patescibacteria是演替早期的优势类群,且随着演替进行呈现减少趋势;变形菌门和WPS-2相对多度随演替进行呈增加趋势。土壤pH和乔木层物种丰富度是驱动次生演替过程中土壤细菌群落组成变化的关键因子。随着演替的进行,土壤细菌多样性减少,群落组成差异加大。  相似文献   

19.
Despite the recent rapid growth of tropical dry forest succession ecology, most studies on this topic have focused on plant community attribute recovery, whereas animal community successional dynamics has been largely overlooked, and the few existing studies have used taxonomic approaches. Here, we analyze the successional changes in the bee community in a Mexican tropical dry forest, by integrating taxonomic (species, genus, and family diversity) and functional (sociability, nesting strategy, and body size) information for bees. Over one year, in a successional chronosequence (2–67 years after abandonment) we collected 469 individual bees, representing five families, 36 genera, and 69 species. Linear modeling showed decreases in taxonomic diversity with succession, more strongly so for species. Bee species turnover along succession ranged from moderate to high, decreasing slightly at intermediate stages. An RLQ analysis (ordination method that allows relating environmental variables with functional attributes) revealed clear relations between bee functional traits and the plant community. RLQ axis 1 was positively related to vegetation structural and diversity variables, and to eusociality, while solitary, parasociality, and ground nesting was negatively associated with it. Early successional fallows attract mostly solitary and parasocial bees; older fallows tend to attract eusocial bees with aerial nesting. The continuous taxonomic turnover observed by us and the functional analysis suggest that the disappearance of old fallows from agricultural landscapes would likely result in significant reductions and even local extinctions of particular bee guilds. Considering the low viability of preserving large mature tropical dry forest tracts, the conservation of older successional stands emerges as a crucial component of landscape management.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.  相似文献   

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