秦岭种子植物区系中的热带地理成分研究

对秦岭种子植物区系中的热带地理成分进行了研究,本区的热带地理成分共包括泛热带成分,热带亚洲和热带美洲间断成分,旧世界热带成分,热带亚洲至热带大洋洲成分,热带亚洲至热带非洲成分及热带亚洲成份等6种类型,共283属,648种,属数和种数分别占秦岭种子植物总属数及总种数的30．27％,18．80％,它们是秦岭植物区系组成的一个重要方面,在各类地理成分中,秦岭植物区系与泛热带成分联系最为密切,从热带地理成分的类型,分布以及在秦岭植被组成中的作用来分析,本区植物区系具有明显的温带性质,热带区系成分仅处于从属地位,多分布于低海拔地段或秦岭南坡,但本区植物区系的起源则带有强烈的热带渊源,而各类热带成分内部均有一定数量的属或分布至亚热带,或分布到北温带,又从一个侧面反映了秦植物区系的过渡性特点。     

南岭植物区系地理学研究──Ⅲ．植物区系地理亲缘与区划

南岭山地与相邻地区植物区系具有明显的过渡或替代关系,主要通过亚热带及亚热带至热带亚洲分布成分与华南南亚热带及亚洲热带地区联系;与华中和华东地区植物区系的联系以亚热带以及亚热带至温带分布和中国－日本间断分布成分来沟通;与西南地区植物区系的联系则表现为两地共有的古老和与子遗成分区及石灰岩山地区系成分。华夏植物区系,是从古老的华夏植物群逐步发展起来的统一体,在区系分区上应划归为统一的华夏植物界,下分东亚     

赣北云居山植物区系地理探讨

本文探讨了云居山植物区系的起源和演化,对种子植物科、属、种的各个分布类型进行了统计分析,并与其它地区植物区系作了对比研究。该区系具有热带亲缘、温带衍生的性质;区系相当古老,残遗植物众多;地理成分复杂,特有类群丰富;区系联系广泛,间断分布多样;华东特征明显,南北区系过渡。该区系尤以华东成分最多,是华东区系的重要组成部分,与华中区系联系密切,具有中亚热带向北亚热带过渡的特点。     

闽北万木林植物区系研究

闽北万木林是我国中亚热带一处以常绿阔叶林为保护主体的自然保护区。植物种类丰富,计有维管束植物１６０科５８０属１１９９种。种子植物区系地理成分复杂,属的分布区类型有１３个,热带亚热带分布、温带分布和中国特有分布分别占本区野生种子植物属总数的６０．６％、３８％和１．４％。本区种子植物的９３．２％与华东区系共有,８２．７％与华南区系共有。据属的相似性系数和模糊聚类法分析,万木林与武夷山区系的关系最为密切,其次为庐山和九龙山等,再次为罗浮山和其他山地。万木林属泛北极植物区中国－日本森林植物亚区华东地区的一部分,但同时也显示了闽北由华东植物区系向华南植物区系过渡的特征。     

三峡库区秭归县种子植物区系研究

秭归位于三峡库区,为坝上库首第一县,其种子植物区系具有以下特征,植物种类丰富,共有野生种子植物138科703属1662种,科,属的优势现象明显,单种属和寡种属数量多,植物区系具有古老,孑遗,原始性,分布区类型多样,地理成分复杂,温带性质明显,泛热带成分丰富,并与热带成分有较广泛的联系,表现出一定的过渡性,特有现象明显,在属和种的水平上对其分布特点统计分析,结果表明,本区系与四川共有成分最多,与华中植物区诸省联系最密切,从而与川东－鄂西为我国三大特有中心之一的观点相一致,也支持吴征镒华中植物区划分的观点。     

南岭植物区系地理学研究──Ⅰ．植物区系的组成和特点

南岭山地地质历史较为古老．自然环境复杂多样,孕育了比较丰富的植物资源,计有维管束植物３８３１种．隶属１１８４属．２４８科．蕨类植物以亚热带及亚热带至热带分布科属为主,起源古老;裸子植物多数为原始古老的子遗成分;被子植物大多数科属的分布中心都在中国或华夏的亚热带及其附近热带地区．研究表明．南岭山地植物区系是典型的亚热带植物区系,具有由热带性区系成分向温带性区系成分过渡的特点;亚洲热带、温带和亚热带植物区系成分在发生上是统一的;北美植物区系和华夏植物区系有着共同的起源,是在联合古陆漂离之前通过欧洲一北美古陆发展过去的．     

浙江武义森林植被区系的地理成分研究

提供了浙江武义的森林植被区系。该区系具有丰富的植物种类、古老植物和珍稀濒危植物,温带－温亚热带成分占优势,地理成分与世界各地植物区系有广泛的联系。该区系有１４个类型的成分,东亚成分、泛热带成分及东亚－北美间断成分具有较多的属,而地中海、西亚及中亚成分、温带亚洲成分及世界成分具有较少的属。     

武陵山地区种子植物区系特性与性质研究

武陵山地区位于湘鄂渝黔交界处,面积约10万km^2。本文从科、属、种水平对武陵山地区种子植物区系特征和性质进行了统计分析,结果表明：（1）本区自产种子植物201科、1005属、4119种,其中裸子植物6科、19属、36种,双子叶植物166科781属、3447种,单子叶植物29科、205属、636种,含单种和少种的科和属及木本植物比较丰富;（2）本区含世界广布科40科,热带分布科912科,温带分布科70科,含种数较多的科为广布科和热带分布科,而主要特性科则是一些主产东亚（包括中国特有）的亚热带和温带分布科;（3）本区的属含我国15种分布类型中的14种,其中以北温带分布、泛热带分布和东亚分布三类成分比较集中。中国特有属64属（占6．83％）,其中不少可能就起源于本区（或）及其周围。温带分布属多于热带分布属;（4）种的地理成分有15种类型,其中绝大多数属东亚和中国特有,它们具有明显的亚热带－温带性质,中国特有种共计2682种,其中126种为本区所特有,675种为华中区特有,其他1881种广泛分布于我国各地并大体上可分为10个亚型,种的地理成分决定了本区现代植物区系的基本特征和性质,即在旧的热带区系的基础上蜕化演变化而成的温带性亚热带植物区系或亚热带山地植物区系。本区东亚成分众多,不仅是其分布中心的一部分,而且正征于东亚成分扩散和迁移的重要通道－－武陵山走廊上,因此可视为东亚植物区系的一个关键地区。     

广东车八岭自然保护区植物区系地理研究

本文分析了车八岭常绿阔叶林的群落组成和种子植物区系的特点及其发生与发展,并结合植物区系地理成分的数量分析,探讨了本区与其周围区域植物区系的联系。车八岭植物区系拥有与华夏植物区系共通的表征科,是华夏植物区系的一个组成部分,整体上有着共同的起源。车八岭植物区系以亚热带及亚热带至热带分布成分为主,是比较典型的亚热带植物区系,并且具有一定的程度的热带区系性质;亚热带山地至温带分布成分也有丰富代表,表现出由南亚热带向中亚热带过渡的区系特点。     

中国蕨类植物区系的初步研究

对中国蕨菜植物区系组成和科属的地理成分进行了统计分析,结果表明：中国蕨类植物区系具有区系成分丰富、起源古老、区系联系广泛、热带性质显著以及特有现象不明显的特点。     

中国西南干旱河谷植被的区系地理成分与空间分异

根据对云南、四川、甘肃三省九条主要河流干旱河谷的植物群落调查数据, 对我国西南干旱河谷维管束植物区系的科、属分布区类型进行划分, 并分析其地理分布格局。结果表明: (1)西南干旱河谷区的植物区系地理成分复杂, 联系广泛, 共包含11个科级和15个属级分布区类型; 总体上, 科、属两级热带/温带成分比例分别为3.06和1.77, 显示了强烈的热带区系亲缘及温带区系的后期影响; 与地中海-西亚至中亚植物区系存在一定联系; 其东亚成分和中国特有成分比例低于亚热带区系平均水平, 且中国-喜马拉雅成分比例高于中国-日本成分。(2)从西南向东北方向, 植物区系的热带性质逐渐减弱, 温带性质逐渐增强; 科、属水平区系成分与古地中海-中亚区系的相似性逐渐增强; 东亚和中国特有成分比例增加; 南盘江与元江的干旱河谷植物区系之间存在中国-日本和中国-喜马拉雅成分的分界线。(3)根据干旱河谷植物属区系成分的比例构成将怒江、澜沧江和元江与其他流域分开, 显示了长江溯源侵蚀和水系合并对西南诸河流植物区系发育的影响。     

Paleoclimatic Analysis of Paleogene Flora in Yilan County,Heilongjiang

Plant fossils were collected from the sand-shale above the lower coal seam and the upper oil shale above the upper coal seam in the Yilan coal mine, Heilongjiang. The floras contained 2 species of pteridophytes, 10 species of gymnosperms and over 58 species of angiosperms assigned to 46 genera and 34 families. The fossils were divided into two floras, one of which was in lower sand-shale beds, with the age assigned to the Eocene, and the other was in the upper part of oil shales considered to belong to the Oligocene. The floras were complicated in composition and rich in species, and were studied by means of floristic analysis, foliar architectural and physiognomical analysis. The Eocene flora consisted of many evergreen broad-leaved species, which indicated that the flora belonged to north subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest or subtropical coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The foliar physiognomical analysis of the floristic composition showed that the species with entire leaf margines made up 38.3 percent of the total. The climate in the Eocene was estimated by means of climatic nomogram as follow: The mean annual temperature was 13.2 ℃ and annual temperature deviancy was 20℃. In the Oligocene flora, deciduous broadleaved trees were dominant, which indicated that the vegetation was of temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest or warm temperate coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. The species with entire leaf margines were 30. 8 percent with an estimated mean annual temperature of 11 ℃ and mean annual temperature deviancy of 25 ℃. The floristic aspect and climate in the Paleogene of Yilan region were very different from the present ones.     

Biogeographical Divergence of the Flora of Yunnan,Southwestern China Initiated by the Uplift of Himalaya and Extrusion of Indochina Block

The floral composition of Yunnan is conspicuously linked to the biogeographical history of this extremely species-rich province in southwestern China. The floristic compositions of three representative regions in Yunnan were compared to reveal their variation with geography. From southern Yunnan, 4150 native species (including subspecies and varieties) from 1240 genera and 183 families of seed plants were recognized. From central Yunnan 3389 native species from 1095 genera and 167 families of seed plants were recognized. From northwestern Yunnan 6807 native species from 1296 genera and 166 families of seed plants were recognized. Although these three floras across Yunnan are similar in familial composition, similarities between the floras of southern and northwestern Yunnan are low at the generic and specific levels. The flora of northwestern Yunnan is dominated by families and genera with cosmopolitan and north temperate distributions, while the flora of southern Yunnan is dominated by tropical families and genera. Northwestern Yunnan is composed largely of temperate genera, of which the highest proportion has a north temperate distribution. In contrast, southern Yunnan has mainly tropical genera, of which most have a tropical Asian distribution. The flora of central Yunnan is a combination of southern and northwestern Yunnan. These three floras might be derived from a common Tertiary tropical or subtropical East Asian flora, but the geological history of each region has influenced its flora, and they have remained divergent since the late Tertiary. The flora of northwestern Yunnan has evolved with the uplift of the Himalayas and by gradual proliferation of mainly cosmopolitan and north temperate floristic elements, while the flora of southern Yunnan has evolved with extrusion of the Indochina block and the influence of mainly tropical Asian elements.     

柳州市龙潭、都乐公园植物区系特点

柳州市龙潭—都乐公园植物区系是广西中部一个被破坏后经多年保护恢复起来的岩溶石山植物区系。总面积9平方公里,共有维管束植物152科455属675种。由于处于中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的气候带上,气候温和,阳光充足,雨量充沛,植物的地理成分复杂,但以亚热带和热带成分占优势;特有种、属少,但岩溶成分较明显;由于岩溶生态条件影响,与(?)岗植物区系相比,属的相似性比率略高于与大瑶山植物区系的比率。按吴征镒教授对中国植物区系的划分,它应属于泛北极植物区、中国—日本森林植物亚区、滇黔桂地区的一个小区。     

Phytogeographical analysis of seed plant genera in China

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A central goal of biogeography and ecology is to uncover and understand distributional patterns of organisms. China has long been a focus of attention because of its rich biota, especially with respect to plants. Using 290 floras from across China, this paper quantitatively characterizes the composition of floristic elements at multiple scales (i.e. national, provincial and local), and explores the extent to which climatic and geographical factors associated with each flora can jointly and independently explain the variation in floristic elements in local floras. METHODS: A study was made of 261 local floras, 28 province-level floras and one national-level flora across China. Genera of seed plants in each flora were assigned to 14 floristic elements according to their worldwide geographical distributions. The composition of floristic elements was related to climatic and geographical factors. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Variations in percentages of cosmopolitan, tropical and temperate genera among local floras tend to be greater at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes. Latitude is strongly correlated with the proportions of 13 of the 14 floristic elements. Correlations of the proportions of floristic elements with longitude are much weaker than those with latitude. Climate represented by the first principal component of a principal component analysis was strongly correlated with the proportions of floristic elements in local floras (|r| = 0.75 +/- 0.18). Geographical coordinates independently explained about four times as much variation in floristic elements as did climate. Further research is necessary to examine the roles of water-energy dynamics, geology, soils, biotic interactions, and historical factors such as land connections between continents in the past and at present in creating observed floristic patterns.     

横县野生种子植物区系及与附近地区的比较研究

为了解广西横县野生种子植物区系特征,对横县野生种子植物进行了调查分析。结果表明,广西横县有野生种子植物1 269种,隶属于163科658属,以被子植物占优势,而裸子植物则贫乏。在科属种组成上,以大科、区域单型属和少型属为主;生活型组成反映亚热带常绿阔叶林群落特征,藤本植物种类丰富。种子植物地理成分均以热带成分为主,兼备亚热带和温带成分。与邻近地区相比较,横县种子植物区系与广东紫金县相似性较高,区系成分组成则与广东新会区、紫金县相近。因此,横县地区野生种子植物种类丰富,热带性质明显,呈热带至亚热带过渡性质,起源古老,具有一定特有现象,与广东地区联系密切。     

黑龙江依兰始新世植物群的研究

本文报道了黑龙江依兰煤矿早第三系始新统达连河组的上、下两个层位所产的植物化石的区系组成及植物群特征：一个系产于煤层下部的砂页岩中的植物群A,另一个是产于煤层上部油页岩中的植物群B。植物组合共计35科49属52种,其中有蕨类植物2种,裸子植物10种,被子植物40种,其中包括1个新种。对其进行区系成分和叶相分析表明,A段植物群的古植被为北亚热带常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶混生林;B段植物群的古植被为暖温带落叶阔叶林。通过与邻近地区的国内外相应植物群比较及植物群的属种地史分布分析,确定A段植物群的时代为早始新世,B段植物群的时代很可能为晚始新世。两个层位间植物群区系成分的变化,表明始新世我国东北地区发生了较明显的气温下降过程,即古气候发生了由亚热带向暖温带的变化。     

安徽珍稀濒危植物区系探讨

在深入调查的基础上,对安徽珍稀濒危植物区系组成和地理成分进行了详细的统计分析,探讨了该区系的组成特点及地理分布特征。结果表明,该区系属温带亚热带性植物区系,具有珍稀濒危物种丰富,古老、孑遗植物众多;地理成分复杂,区系联系广泛;过渡性质明显,温带亚热带成分占优;特有现象显著,华东区系特征典型等基本特征。在植物区系亲缘上,该区系隶属东亚植物区、中国-日本森林植物亚区、华东地区,与华中植物区系关系密切,受西南植物区系影响深刻。     

A Study on the Eocene Flora in Yilan County,Heilongjiang, China

This paper reports the fossil flora in the Yilan Coal Mine, Heilongjiang Province.The Paleogene flora of the Dalianhe formation includes two groups according to their geology column:one (flora A) is from sand-shale above the lower coal seams and the other (flora B) is from oil shale above the upper coal beds. The flora contains two species of pteridophytes, 10 species of gymnosperms and over 40 species of angiosperms including 1 new species and 10 uncertain species, assigned to 49 genera and 35 families. The analysis of the floristic composition and their foliar physiognomy showes that the flora A consists of elements in evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved forests indicating its subtropical feature, whereas the flora B consists of elements in deciduous broad-leaved forests indicating a warm-temperate feature. Compared to the Paleogene floras of Northeastern Asia and North America, the flora A is assigned to the early Eocene, and the flora B to the late Eocene. These results seem to indicate that in the Eocene, paleoclimatic decline took place in Northeast China.