Kyste du tractus thyréoglosse dégénéré révélant un microcarcinome papillaire multifocal de la thyroïde

The malignant degeneration of thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a very rare phenomenon. It occurs 1% of operated cysts where papillary carcinoma represents the most frequent pathological type. The authors report a clinical observation of a papillary carcinoma of thyroid occurring in a thyroglossal duct cyst concomitant to a multifocal micropapillary thyroid discovered in a 21-year-old woman. A total thyroidectomy was performed. A complementary treatment by radioactive iodine 131 (3,7 GBq) was undertaken. Two years later, the patient is doing well and does not present any sign of recurrence. In the light of this observation, the authors propose to report the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of degenerated thyroglossal duct cyst.     

A propos de l'intervention des aéroions dans les processus de régulation de la lipémie et de la cholestérolémie

Resume Les expériences ont porté sur des lapins repartis en deux groupes parallèles — un groupe étant traité avec des aéroions négatifs en concentrations moderées (n^– = 10 – 40.000; n⁺ = 1.000) et l'autre sans aéroionothérapie (témoins). Par rapport aux animaux témoins (pas exposés aux aéroions),on a enregistré,sous l'influence de l'aéroionothérapie, que: (1)il y a une tendence de normalisation de la motilité spontanée, deprimée par une alimentation contenant un excès de cholestérol(0,3 g/kg/jour); (2) la lipémie et la cholestérolémie sont restées à un niveau plus bas chez les animaux alimentés au cholestérol; (3) la lipémie et la cholestérolémie, de même que l'iode thyroïdien, sont restées aux valeurs voisines de celles normales,chez les animaux nourris avec un excès (20 mg/kg/jour), de substances antithyroïdiennes naturelles (provenant du chou).

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Groups of rabbits were exposed to negative air ions of moderate concentrations (n^– = 10 – 40,000; n⁺ = 1,000) while others served as controls. (1) When rabbits were fed a cholesterol-rich diet (0.3 g/kg/day)causing reduction of motility in the control animals, their motility was normalized under air ion treatment. (2) The blood cholesterol and lipid levels of rabbits on a cholesterol-rich diet were lower with air ion treatment than in controls.(3) When rabbits were fed a diet with thyroid blocking agents from cabbage the blood cholesterol and lipid levels and the thyroid iodine content remained unchanged with air ion treatment.

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Zusammenfassung Gruppen Kaninchen wurden mit negativen Luftionen in mässigen Konzentrationen (n^– = 100 000 – 40 000; n⁺ = 1 000) behandelt, während andere als Kontrollen dienten. (1) Die durch Fütterung von cholesterinreicher Diät (0,3 g/kg/Tag) verminderte Motilität der Tiere wurde unter der Luftionenbehandlung normalisiert. (2) Der durch Fütterung von cholesterinreicher Diät erhöhte Blutcholesterin- und-fettspiegel fiel durch Luftionenbehandlung ab. (3) Der durch Fütterung von strumipriven Substanzen aus Kohl erhöhte Cholesterin- und Fettspiegel im Blut und verminderte Jodgehalt der Schilddrüse wurde durch Luftionenbehandlung nicht beeinflusst.

     

Méthode simple et rapide de réalisation de microculture en identification mycologique

Résumé On décrit deux moyens de réalisation de microculture dans l'identification de champignons filamenteux qui sont comparés avec la méthode classique. Le premier d'entre eux se réalise par ensemencement moyennent l'inondation du milieu en boîte de Petri avec suspension de spores et est ensuite coupé en carrés que l'on place à l'intérieur de boîte de Petri. Le second consiste à suspendre micelium fongique en milieu fluide à 50°C. Les deux ont l'avantage de la rapidité de réalisation, surtout quand on doit préparer un grand nombre de microcultures dans le but de l'enseignement et que l'on ne dispose pas des éléments stériles pour la réalisation de la microculture sur les lames.     

Testostérone circulante et cancer de la prostate. Revue de données récentes

In vitro andin vivo studies show that androgens stimulate prostate cancer. However, evidence from epidemiological studies of an association between circulating levels of androgens and prostate cancer risk has been inconsistent, but most studies have likely been undersized given that the association may be relatively weak. We review prospective studies on the association of serum levels of free and total testosterone, the principal androgen in circulation with risk of prostate cancer. No significant association between total or free testosterone and risk of prostate cancer was found in studies that together included 1,525 cases of prostate cancer and 4,349 controls. No support was found for the hypothesis that high levels of circulating testosterone within a physiological range stimulate development and growth of prostate cancer. Intraprostatic androgen metabolism may still be of importance for prostate cancer development.     

Scintigraphie de perfusion cérébrale positionnelle : résultats physiologiques et applications cliniques

To assess the impact of standing on brain perfusion, 125 brain perfusion scans in the upright and supine position were performed, including 108 patients. Perfusion values were compared using a relative quantitative approach and a segmentation of vascular territories with the help of an atlas of brain perfusion. We found a change in the distribution of the perfusion in favor of the vertebro-basilar system in the upright position. We discuss the case of a patient whose symptoms could be explained with the help of the comparison of brain perfusion scans in the upright and supine position. Atheromatous and post-dissection stenosis and their influence on perfusion are also discussed.     

Quelques considérations sur l'enseignement de la médecine physique et de la réhabilitation

Particularly since World War II physical medicine and rehabilitation have assumed a growing importance. The efforts of the Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, following a survey of Canadian universities, to increase the theoretical and practical teaching of physiatrics are emphasized. It is considered important that the teaching of physical medicine and rehabilitation should be carried out concurrently with other medical and surgical teaching programs. Paramedical and auxiliary rehabilitation personnel should participate in the teaching program. The number of hours devoted to physiatrics should be increased, and the medical student should be permitted to choose physical medicine and rehabilitation as a part of his internship program.     

Le Paléolithique supérieur de la région centre de l’île de Honshû

Tokai area is situated in the middle of Japan and has various configurations of ground. The eastern area has thick natural layers with volcanic ash which has been supplied from Mt. Fuji. About five chronological stages of Paleolithic culture from trapeze and edge-ground axe culture to microlith culture through backed blade culture have been found in the layers. These stages of Paleolithic culture are indicators of chronological studies in Tokai area. On the other hand, it is difficult to advance chronological studies in the middle east, middle, and west areas, because they have little thickness of layers with volcanic ash. However, different Paleolithic artifacts are found in top and bottom layers which put the AT layer between at Tsubakibora Site in Gifu Prefecture, and they have helped very much chronological studies of Paleolithic culture in the west area. Here is the first result of Paleolithic studies in Tokai area with artifacts which have been found on the forth layer of scoriae at Idemaruyama Site are dated about 35,000 years, one of the oldest Paleolithic culture in Japan. In addition, some lines of pits which were dated 30,000 years were found at Hatsunegahara Site, and they provided valuable data to study Paleolithic hunting. Finally, a holed pendant which had 10 notches on one side was unearthed from Fujiishi Site, and it was dated 19,000 years ago. At Terada and Hino Site, a flat big stone which had carvings was found, though the shape and use were seemed to be different from the pendant at Fujiishi Site.     

Intérêt de la scintigraphie rénale au DMSA dans les pyélonéphrites aiguës de l’enfant

IntroductionAcute pyelonephritis is responsible for significant morbidity during the acute phase and distant irreversible kidney damage. However, diagnosis is often difficult in children. The aim of our study was to evaluate in children hospitalized for suspected acute pyelonephritis prevalence of acute lesions revealed by scintigraphy with ^99mTc labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and the relationship between renal parenchymal lesions and different clinical factors and biological risks.MethodsThis is a prospective study collecting 40 children admitted with suspected infection of the high urinary tract. All have benefited from DMSA renal scintigraphy.ResultsThe average age of our patients was 3.25 years. The DMSA scan showed signs of acute pyelonephritis in 32.5% of cases. Taking this examination as a reference, fever was the most sensitive clinical signs (76.9%), but the specificity was only 48.1%. CRP (≥ 20 mg/mL) was the most sensitive (92.3%) but with a specificity of 40.7% organic signs. A high CRP was associated with acute pyelonephritis significantly (P = 0.0033). Sixty-three percent of refluxing kidneys were associated with acute pyelonephritis versus 20.8% of non-refluxing kidneys, with a significant difference (P = 0.007).ConclusionIn case of urinary tract infection in children, a complete clinical and laboratory table may be sufficient to retain the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. However, this possibility is rare. In the opposite case, a DMSA scan should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.     

Classification des stades de sommeil par des réseaux de neurones artificiels hiérarchiques

The goal of our work is to provide an automatic analysis and decision tool for sleep stages classification based on an artificial neural networks (ANN). The first difficulty lies in choosing the physiological signals representation and in particular the electroencephalogram (EEG). Once the representation adopted, the next step is to design the optimal neural network determined by a learning and validation process of data from a set of sleep records. We studied several configurations of conventional ANN giving results varying from 62 to 71 %, then we proposed a new hierarchical configuration, which gives a rate of 74 % correct classification for six stages. These results lead us to further explore this issue at the representation and design of ANNs to improve the performance of our tool.     

Problematique de réalisation des projets de biométhanisation dans le secteur agro-industriel: cas de l'abattoir de Dakar

Résumé Chaque jour 130 m³ d'eaux résiduaires de l'abattoir de Dakar sont évacués à la mer. Ces eaux contiennent les matières stercoraires des animaux abattus (9.5 tonne/jour), les eaux de lavage et les graisses. Les besoins en énergie de l'abattoir sont de deux types: électricité et eau chaude. L'électricité alimente les chambres frigorifiques à raison de 90% et représente une facture annuelle de 50 millions de francs CFA. L'eau chaude est utilisée pour l'échaudage de porcs: 3 m³ à 60°C sont produits par jour par cuisson sur feu de bois. La facture qui en résulte est de 450 000 francs CFA.

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Summary Every day more than 130 m³ of wastewaters from the Dakar municipal slaughterhouse are disposed off in the ocean. These waters comprise mainly stercoral matters, washing waters and greases. The energy requirements in the slaughterhouse are mainly of two types: electricity and heated water. Electricity is used to operate the refrigerating rooms, which corresponds to a total cost per year of 50 million CFA. Heated water is used for the pigs scalding with a bare 3 m³ of water used per day, at a temperature 60°C, obtained with fuel wood, the annual costs of which amounts to 450 000 CFA.

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Resumen Cada día más de 130 cm³ de aguas residuales del matadero municipal de Dakar se vierten al oceano. Estas aguas consisten principalmente en estiércoles, aguas de lavado y grasas. Los requerimientos energéticos del matadero son principalmente de dos tipos: electricidad y agua caliente. La electricidad se usa para las cámaras frigoríficas con un coste total de 50 millones de CFA anuales. El agua caliente se utiliza para escaldar cerdos con una media de 3 m³ de agua por día a una temperatura de 60°C, se calienta mediante carburante vegetal, con un coste anual de 450000 CFA.

     

Stéréosélectivité de la réduction de la 3′, 5′-di-O-benzoyl-2′-bromo-2′-désoxyuridine par l'hydrure de tributylétain

Samples of sodium alginate from Laminaria digitata were oxidised in aqueous solution to different extents by the addition of calculated amounts of sodium metaperiodate. An empirical measure of the molecular stiffness of the products, both before and after reduction with sodium borohydride, was obtained by studying the sensitivity of their intrinsic viscosities to changes in the ionic strength of the solution. The results showed that, whereas the stiffness decreased very sharply with increasing degree of oxidation, it changed very little upon subsequent reduction of the products. From this, and the known structures of the inter-residue hemiacetals in the unreduced products, it was inferred that the increase in flexibility brought about by oxidation is specifically associated with rotation about the three bonds adjoining C-4, C-5, the original ring-oxygen atom, and C-1 of the oxidised hexuronic-acid residues. This rotation was considerably less-hindered than the rotation around the glycosidic linkage in both the intact alginate and in the partially oxidised and reduced products. The conversion of only a small percentage of the stiff pyranoid rings into these centres of high, local flexibility had a marked effect on the overall flexibility of the chains, showing that the possible presence of such centres should be taken into account in any discussion of the solution properties of heteropolysaccharides or of polysaccharides that may have suffered slight chemical modification.     

Variations de l'incidence des fractures de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur chez les personnes agées de la région de Québec.

To estimate the incidence of fracture of the proximal end of the femur in people aged 50 years or older living in the Quebec area in 1971, 1976 and 1981 we determined the number of admissions for such fractures to the 15 acute care hospitals in the region. From 1971 to 1981 the number of fractures increased by 71%; the increases for those aged 75 to 84 years and 85 years or over were 98% and 118% respectively. The variation is only partly explained by changes in sex and age distribution of the population; the incidence rates also increased. Among men aged 75 to 84 years the incidence rate per 1000 person-years rose from 2.63 in 1971 to 5.22 in 1981, an increase of 98%; the corresponding figures for men aged 85 years or more were 9.76 and 16.91, an increase of 73%. Among women aged 75 to 84 years the rate rose from 7.28 to 8.81, an increase of 21%; the corresponding figures for women aged 85 years or more were 20.40 and 24.27, an increase of 21% and 19% respectively.     

Action de l'actinomycine D sur la différenciation cellulaire au cours de la régénération de Planaires qui viennent d'éclore

Résumé Nous avons montré, à l'aide d'actinomycine tritiée, que cet inhibiteur pénètre en quantité égale dans les cellules de planaires adultes qui ne régéénèrent pas en présence de fortes concentrations (50 g/cm³) et dans celles de jeunes planaires qui peuvent former un blastème en présence d'actinomycine D, malgré l'inhibition de nouvelles synthèses d'ARN qui en résulte. Chez les jeunes, le taux de pénétration de l'antibiotique est comparable dans les noyaux des cellules indifférenciées qui participent à la formation du blastème et dans les noyaux des cellules différenciées. Les noyaux à nucléoles dissociés ne sont pas plus radioactifs que les noyaux où le nucléole est seulement appauvri en granulations. La radioactivité diminue uniformément dans toutes les cellules si les animaux sont remis en élevage dans l'eau. La radioactivité cytoplasmique observée est probablement due à la nature des fixateurs qui favorisent la rétention de molécules non liées.Nous pouvons conclure que les noyaux de toutes les catégories cellulaires présentent la même perméabilité à l'actinomycine. Celle-ci est présente dans les cellules de régénération des jeunes qui édifient cependant un blastème où le taux de synthèse des protéines est au même niveau que dans une régénération normale.

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On the action of actinomycin D on the cellular differentiation during the regeneration in Planarians

Summary ³H actinomycin inhibitor of RNA synthesis enters equally cells of adult planarians which never regenerate when applying the drug at high concentration (50 g/cm³), and young planarians which can form a blastem in the same solution; regeneration occurs despite of the inhibition of new RNA synthesis which ensues.Ultrastructural histoautoradiographs of newly hatched Planarian tissues show that this drug enters equally nuclei of undifferentiated cells which make up the blastem of regeneration and whose nucleoli are not dissociated, and nuclei of differentiated cells whose nucleoli are very often dissociated. The radioactivity is very often located upon heterochromatin. After return of the animals into water, radioactivity becomes reduced evenly in all cells.The cytoplasmic radioactivity that we have observed probably depends on the nature of fixatives which favour the retention of non linked molecules.We can conclude that the nuclei of all cells have the same permeability to actinomycin D, whatever the state of morphological differentiation. The inhibitor is present within the regeneration cells of young Planarians which build a blastem wherein the rate of protein synthesis is at the same level as in normal regenerating tissues.

     

Action de l'actinomycine D sur la différenciation cellulaire au cours de la régénération de Planaires qui viennent d'éclore

Résumé L'utilisation de l'actinomycine D, au cours de la régénération de Planaires à l'éclosion ou de celle d'adultes, montre que ces deux groupes d'animaux réagissent différemment à l'antibiotique.La régénération se produit en présence de l'antibiotique chez les jeunes Planaires, alors que, pour la même concentration (50 g/cm³), elle est totalement bloquée chez les adultes. Elle débute dès la décapitation des animaux; le retour dans l'eau, après un traitement par l'antibiotique qui va de 1 à 4 jours, ne modifie pas son déroulement morphologique.L'examen ultrastructural montre que les cellules différenciées présentent le plus souvent des dissociations nucléolaires importantes.Les lésions s'étendent progressivement à toute la cellule qui dégénère fréquemment. Les cellules morphologiquement indifférenciées ne sont que faiblement altérées (raréfaction du composant granulaire du nucléole), et récupèrent une structure normale après retour dans l'eau.Ces résultats conduisent à envisager l'étude des synthèses d'ARN, au cours de ces expériences, au niveau des organismes entiers et au niveau cellulaire.

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On the action of actinomycin D on the cellular differentiation during the regeneration in PlanariansI. Morphological, histological and ultrastructural studies on the regeneration capacity in presence of the antibiotic

Summary The utilization of actinomycin D during the regeneration of young and adult Planarians shows that the two groups of animals react differently to the antibiotic.Regeneration takes place in the presence of the antibiotic in young Planarians, whereas it is entirely inhibited in adult ones, applying the same concentration (50 g/cm³). In the young animals it begins immediately after decapitation. Their return into the water, after a treatment with the antibiotic lasting from 1 to 4 days, does not interfere with the morphological differentiation. The ultrastructural investigation exhibits that in the majority of the undifferentiated cells the nucleolus is largely dissociated.The lesions gradually extend to the whole cell which frequently degenerates. The morphologically undifferentiated cells are weakly impaired (depletion of the granular component of the nucleolus), and they recover a normal structure after their return into water.These results lead us to study the RNA synthesis, during these experimentations, on the whole organism as well as the cellular level.

     

Stimulation de l'ovogenèse par la copulation chez les femelles de Drosophila melanogaster privées de leur complexe endocrine rétrocérébral

The extirpation of the corpus allatum-corpus cardiacum complex in Drosophila melanogaster females strongly reduced egg production but did not completely stop it. When the females were inseminated after the operation the increase of fertility which was observed is proportionally as important as in control females. It was concluded that the stimuli occurring from insemination were mainly acting on the neurosecretory cells of the brain. In the control of oögenesis, it is probable that the brain hormones are more important than the corpus allatum hormone.