居室弄蝶：蝴蝶兰的栽培与管理

近几年,蝴蝶兰越来越多地出现在各地的花展和花市上。她的花朵大、色彩绚丽、花姿优雅,花期长达l－2个月,素有“兰花皇后”的美誉。蝴蝶兰（PhaL比＂opshspp）属兰科植物,是“洋兰”的一个类群。其叶互生,表面有蜡质光泽。花茎修长,花朵形如蝴坡,故而得名。人工栽培蝴蝶兰已有一百多年的历史,但由于蝴蝶兰属单茎性兰,只有一个生长点,又不易通过分株来繁殖,在自然条件下,种子难发芽,所以蝴蝶兰显得弥足珍贵。进入本世纪80年代末,蝴蝶兰可以通过生物技术进行大量复制,可以生产出众多性状一致的幼苗,使得工厂化生产蝴蝶兰成为…     

兰花快速无性繁殖的研究及花芽分化的探讨

兰科植物约有450属:15000～20000种,其中可栽培的约2000种。中国兰花属于兰科(Orchidaceae)兰属(Cymbidium)。Morel-(1960)利用植物组织培养技术将兰花茎尖分生组织诱导形成原球茎并分化成植株,导致兰花栽培技术变革,建立了兰花工业。(Rao 1977, Arditti 1977)。国外商品化生产的兰类主要是气生兰类。我国的蕙兰是价值很高的观赏植物,但目前仍采用古老的分株繁殖法,在盆栽     

饮酒可导致睡眠呼吸障碍

蝴蝶兰是世界上栽培最广泛、最普及的洋兰品种之一．素有“洋兰王后”的美称。它以色彩艳丽,品种多样,姿态婀娜博得世人的青睐。蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生1条主茎和1个生长点,所以普通的营养繁殖只能利用开花后梗节间生出的小莆来实施,严重制约其扩繁速度。蝴蝶兰有性繁殖需经人工授粉才能获得种子、每一荚果中可产生约1万～100万粒种子,     

昆玉葡萄的组织培养快速繁殖

昆玉葡萄是昆明地区栽培的一个优质、高产的葡萄品种。但目前种源较少不能满足生产的需要。用组织培养方法有可能提供大量种苗。葡萄的组织培养已有一些报道,但未提供完整的组织培养快速繁殖法。本文报道昆玉葡萄组织培养的快速繁殖法。     

利用组织培养快速繁殖龙胆

东北龙胆(Gentiana manshurica kitagawa)是我省重要的中草药,近年来野生资源已遭到严重破坏,人工栽培发芽率低,繁殖有一定困难,利用组织培养可以快速繁殖龙胆的优良无性系,为生产提供大量的可栽培的幼苗.目前在组织培养中多利用MS培养基,本文对MS培养基加以改进,并探索哪些培养基对转化的龙胆生长发育更为适宜,结果表明,在1/2、1/4MS培养基和无机盐培养基上,龙胆苗的长势、分株及根系生长较MS培养基好,从经济效益上看,1/2无机盐培养基是培养龙胆最适宜的简化培养基,从培养基中糖的种类、浓度来看,2%以的蔗糖浓度繁殖龙胆苗更适宜.同时也表明,发根农杆菌的转化对龙胆的快速繁殖有促进作用.     

短距槽舌兰的驯化栽培与快速繁殖

为促进短距槽舌兰的资源驯化栽培, 本文对其生物学特性、生长发育规律和组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究。对开花植株进行人工授粉, 取种子进行观察发现, 授粉后140 d 种子才达到成熟状态; 将其接种在无植物生长调节剂的RE培养基上, 萌发率可达90%以上。将萌发的种子转接在RE＋0.2 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA＋5 g·L-1椰粉＋2 g·L-1水解酪蛋白的培养基上可诱导原球茎大量增殖。最适壮苗生根培养基为RE＋0.6 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA＋80 g·L-1香蕉泥, 生根率100%。试管苗移栽到直径0.3-1.7 cm的小号细树皮盆栽中, 成活率在95%以上, 试管苗栽培6个月后可分化花芽, 这为短距槽舌兰的产业化生产奠定了基础。     

浩浩巴的组织培养快速繁殖研究

浩浩巴(Simmondsia chinensis)为多年生的常绿灌木,其种子含有45—50%的液态蜡,可代替鲸蜡油,具有极高的经济价值。世界各地许多国家都积极引种栽培,但浩浩巴是雌雄异株植物。播种繁殖往往雄株偏多,而且苗期性别难以区别。因此要发展浩浩巴植物,就需要改进繁殖和培育方法,利用浩浩巴的成年优株进行组织培养快速繁殖,可按比例的种植雌雄株和加速优良植株的繁殖,为此,我们进行了浩浩巴成年植株组织培养快速繁殖的研究。     

蝴蝶兰瓶播培养小试验

蝴蝶兰是世界上栽培最广泛、最普及的洋兰品种之一,素有"洋兰王后"的美称.它以色彩艳丽,品种多样,姿态婀娜博得世人的青睐.蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生1条主茎和1个生长点,所以普通的营养繁殖只能利用开花后梗节间生出的小苗来实施,严重制约其扩繁速度.蝴蝶兰有性繁殖需经人工授粉才能获得种子.每一荚果中可产生约1万～100万粒种子,但其种子极小,发育不全,没有胚乳,自然条件下播种极难萌发.通过无菌瓶播人工培养,能够在短时间内获得大量的幼小植株,是现阶段经济有效的快繁方法之一,这种方法在兰花工业化生产中得到广泛的应用并获得了大量的利润.     

五唇兰生物学特性及试管繁殖的研究

五唇兰为我国自有的亚热带附生兰,数量稀少,甚为罕见。本文叙述了它的生物学特性,野生幼苗驯化栽培和组织培养。五唇兰的组织培养国内外未见报道,五唇兰组织培养的成功有助我国稀有兰种资源的开发利用。     

斑花杓兰试管苗根茎繁殖

为保护斑花杓兰Cypripedium guttatumu种质、实现栽培,以其根茎为材料,采用组织培养方法,进行试管苗培养、根茎继代繁殖培养、试管苗扦插和定植研究。结果表明：1/2MS＋蔗糖16 g/L＋ABT 2号10 mg/L＋IAA 0.4 mg/L是根茎试管苗培养的理想培养基,且这种以炉灰渣为支持物的培养基也是试管苗根茎继代繁殖培养的理想培养基;在温室苗床上试管苗根茎段扦插成活率为96.5%,繁殖速度比移栽提高2.2倍;根茎扦插试管苗定植的成活率为96.8%。定植成活的根茎试管苗保持了野生斑花杓兰的所有植物学性状。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.