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1.
基于MAXENT模型的秦岭山系黑熊潜在生境评价   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
明确物种生境空间分布格局及其与环境因子的关系,对制定合理有效的保护对策十分重要.本文以黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)为研究对象,以其重要柄息地秦岭山系为研究区域,选取68个黑熊分布点数据和34个环境因子,应用MAXENT模型分析其生境空间分布及主要影响因子,以最大化Kappa值的生境适宜性指数为阈值划分适宜生境,结合已建自然保护区进行保护空缺分析,并通过构建阻力面和最小成本路径分析,开展黑熊生境廊道规划.结果表明:人类干扰和土地利用类型是影响黑熊生境选择的主要生态因子,居民点密度、到荒草地距离、到耕地距离3个因子对黑熊生境选择有重要影响,其综合贡献值分别为21.4%、17.5%和15.9%,到阔叶林距离、到水体距离等因子次之.黑熊的适宜生境主要集中分布在秦岭山系主脊的中西部地区,占整个秦岭山系面积的19.23%.空缺分析表明:已建自然保护区群覆盖了23.49%的适宜生境,但尚有8,480 km2处于保护区之外.为更有效保护秦岭黑熊及其生境,建议建设12条生境廊道,同时结合其他物种进行系统保护规划.  相似文献   

2.
大相岭山系大熊猫生境评价与保护对策研究   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
从长远来看,从山系或更大尺度上来开展大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)生境的研究与保护更有意义。本研究通过野外调查,在地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术支持下,利用大熊猫生境结构理论模型,选取海拔、坡度、植被类型、竹子分布、道路和居民点的分布等评价因子,系统地研究了大相岭山系大熊猫生境的分布、生境质量与空间格局,以及生境保护现状,在此基础上提出了该山系生境保护与自然保护区建设的对策。遥感数据分析结果表明,与大熊猫生境密切相关的阔叶林与针叶林的面积为344,970hm2,占该地区总面积的58.4%,灌丛占18.4%,其他的土地利用与土地覆被类型占23.2%。综合评价结果表明,大相岭山系的大熊猫潜在生境为118,749hm2,由于森林及矿产资源的开发、交通以及农业活动等的影响导致生境面积减少为93,115hm2,且尚存的生境被隔离为两个互相独立的生境单元,使荥河与瓦屋山这两个种群的交流受到严重阻碍,而现有的保护区仅保护了生境总面积的28.0%。为了有效地保护该山系的大熊猫,应该注意从三个方面加强对大熊猫生境的规划与保护:(1)扩大自然保护区的保护范围,使大熊猫生境的集中分布区都得到保护;(2)以退耕还林和天然林保护工程为契机,加强被隔离生境的联系,促进大熊猫种群之间的交流;(3)控制海拔1,800–2,700m之间人类活动对大熊猫生境的影响。  相似文献   

3.
房志  徐卫华  张晶晶  肖燚  张路 《生态学报》2017,37(16):5334-5341
生物多样性与生态系统服务是目前生态保护的两大主要目标,在保护区体系规划设计中兼顾两个保护目标有助于发挥自然保护区的综合效益。以生物多样性与生态系统服务功能都重要的秦岭山系为研究区域,在生物多样性、水源涵养和土壤保持重要性评估的基础上,通过空缺分析,提出了秦岭山系的保护区体系优化方案。研究结果表明,现有的自然保护区保护了33.5%的生物多样性极重要区,22.9%的水源涵养极重要区,但是只保护了7.4%的土壤保持极重要区;建议在秦岭主峰、秦岭西部和东南部分别建立自然保护区群和生态功能保护区,保护区面积占秦岭山系总面积的31.4%,使生物多样性、水源涵养、土壤保持的极重要区的保护比例达76.2%、70.5%和41.5%,生态保护效益得到提升。研究结果可以为秦岭山系生态保护政策的制定提供参考,同时对于其他地区自然保护体系规划、以及国家公园构建也具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

4.
蜂桶寨自然保护区大熊猫生境适宜性评价与保护管理对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对濒危野生动物而言,开展生境质量评价是完善就地保护措施、提高自然保护成效的基础。蜂桶寨自然保护区位于邛崃山系中段,是大熊猫模式标本的采集地。而此前有关该保护区大熊猫生境的研究主要集中在生境的选择上,生境适宜性评价方面的研究尚未开展。本文以海拔、坡度、植被类型、食物来源等4个生态因子为指标,通过构建景观连接度模型对保护区内大熊猫生境适宜性进行评价。结果表明,保护区内大熊猫不适宜生境面积、较适宜生境面积及最适宜生境面积分别为223.26、133.67和33.46 km2,分别占保护区总面积的57%、34%和9%。从空间分布来看,最适宜生境和较适宜生境在保护区内的分布较为破碎分散,大熊猫活动痕迹点更多地集中在生境适宜程度较高的区域。为加强该区大熊猫种群的科学保护,应控制敏感区域的人为活动,确保保护区内大熊猫个体在不同生境斑块之间迁移扩散。日常保护管理工作中应重点关注与黄水河自然保护区相连区域,并可适度扩大蜂桶寨自然保护区的管护范围。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究大熊猫的生境需求,分析大熊猫如何适应不同的环境,在四川省平武县的王朗自然保护区和小河沟自然保护区开展了大熊猫生境调查,对比分析了两个地区大熊猫生境利用情况。研究发现两个地区的大熊猫在利用的生境特征上有很大差异,表现出不同的生境利用模式。相比小河沟的大熊猫,王朗的大熊猫更多利用具有高的竹子密度和乔木密度的生境,但幼竹比例较低。不同生境利用模式是大熊猫适应不同环境的重要因素。此研究结果可以为大熊猫及生境保护提供重要借鉴和科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
四川小相岭山系大熊猫种群及栖息地调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
小相岭山系是现存大熊猫种群数量最少的山系之一。根据全国第3次大熊猫及其栖息地调查结果,小相岭山系大熊猫栖息地分布在石棉、冕宁和九龙三县,栖息地总面积802.04km^2,大熊猫种群数量有32只。大熊猫在3个位于小相岭山系的自然保护区内种群数量和栖息地面积分别为:四川冶勒自然保护区9只,栖息地面积168.01km^2;四川栗子坪自然保护区14只,栖息地面积306.38km^2;四川贡嘎山自然保护区1只,栖息地面积15.19km^2。在3个保护区大熊猫栖息地总面积为489.58km^2,占各山系大熊猫栖息地总面积的61.05%;有大熊猫24只,占大熊猫种群数量的75.0%。小相岭山系大熊猫meta种群栖息地片段化比较严重,它由2个种群和2个孤立分布点组成。南北方向从成都至昆明的108国道以东的种群A有大熊猫13只,栖息地面积263.54km^2,完整性较好,大熊猫分布比较集中。108国道以西的种群B有大熊猫19只,栖息地面积为538.50km^2,栖息地破碎。该山系大熊猫数量少,栖息地片段化严重,需加强保护。  相似文献   

7.
为研究大熊猫对不同森林生境的利用情况,2012年和2013年在四川省王朗国家级自然保护区布设了30条调查线路开展了大熊猫生境调查,对49个大熊猫原始林利用样方和43个次生林利用样方中的16个变量进行了调查和统计分析。研究发现大熊猫可以利用采伐后自然恢复50多年的次生林,但原始林生境和次生林生境仍存在较大差异:与大熊猫所利用的原始林生境相比较,次生林生境的乔木胸径较小,灌木密度和灌木胸径较大,倒木较少。研究发现,加强对次生林的保护对大熊猫生境的保护工作有重要的意义。  相似文献   

8.
生态位因子分析是研究物种地理分布的一种多变量分析方法,其最大优点是模型计算只需物种"出现点"的数据,而不需要"非出现点"数据,在生境评价与生境预测中得到广泛应用.将该方法应用于大熊猫生境适宜性评价中,利用大熊猫活动痕迹点和遥感数据分析了平武县大熊猫生境分布现状,综合评价了该县自然保护区的分布状况和存在的保护空缺.研究结果表明,大熊猫偏好在中高海拔(>2128 m)的针叶林和针阔混交林中活动,而避免在落叶阔叶林和灌丛林中活动,避免在有人为干扰的地区活动,农田是对大熊猫活动影响强度最大的人为干扰因子.平武县大熊猫生境主要分布在该县西部和北部地区,总面积为234033 hm2,其中适宜生境为106345 hm2,次适宜生境为127688 hm2.目前该县已建的3个大熊猫自然保护区使47.2%的大熊猫生境得到保护(包括49.2%的适宜生境和45.6%的次适宜生境),尽管如此,保护区之间连接性差,存在严重的保护空缺.该县北部的白马乡、木座乡是大熊猫的主要分布区,却没有得到保护区的有效保护,建议在该地区新建自然保护区.  相似文献   

9.
生态位因子分析是研究物种地理分布的一种多变量分析方法,其最大优点是模型计算只需物种“出现点”的数据,而不需要“非出现点”数据,在生境评价与生境预测中得到广泛应用。将该方法应用于大熊猫生境适宜性评价中,利用大熊猫活动痕迹点和遥感数据分析了平武县大熊猫生境分布现状,综合评价了该县自然保护区的分布状况和存在的保护空缺。研究结果表明,大熊猫偏好在中高海拔(>2128 m)的针叶林和针阔混交林中活动,而避免在落叶阔叶林和灌丛林中活动,避免在有人为干扰的地区活动,农田是对大熊猫活动影响强度最大的人为干扰因子。平武县大熊猫生境主要分布在该县西部和北部地区,总面积为234033 hm2,其中适宜生境为106345 hm2,次适宜生境为127688 hm2。目前该县已建的3个大熊猫自然保护区使47.2%的大熊猫生境得到保护(包括49.2%的适宜生境和45.6%的次适宜生境),尽管如此,保护区之间连接性差,存在严重的保护空缺。该县北部的白马乡、木座乡是大熊猫的主要分布区,却没有得到保护区的有效保护,建议在该地区新建自然保护区。  相似文献   

10.
王建宏  蒲玫 《动物学杂志》2016,51(4):509-516
本研究以第四次大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)调查、甘肃省森林资源二类清查等数据为基础资料,依据国内外有关大熊猫对生境选择利用的研究成果,结合本地本山系大熊猫分布及活动的实际情况,选取竹子分布、植被类型、海拔、坡度、坡向、道路和居民区等评价因子,建立了大熊猫生境质量评价指标体系和准则,借助Arcgis10.2软件,利用栅格赋值和空间叠加原理系统地研究了甘肃大熊猫生境质量。结果表明,甘肃大熊猫生境质量总体较好,适宜和较适宜生境面积总和占到了69.77%;四个局域种群单元中白水江单元适宜生境面积最大,其次为甘南单元;各大熊猫分布县中,文县的大熊猫生境质量最好,其次为舟曲;甘肃大熊猫适宜生境大都处于保护区中,各保护区适宜生境总和为178 771 hm~2,占全省大熊猫适宜生境的88.72%;各保护区中,白水江国家级自然保护区的适宜生境面积最大,其次为插岗梁省级保护区。  相似文献   

11.
Formation of nature reserve groups (NRGs) is an important approach for optimising spatial patterns in nature reserves and for improving the efficiency of nature reserve networks. In this study, based on habitat evaluation and connectivity analysis, the approach and method for optimising spatial patterns and functional zoning of reserves were analysed using the case study of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserves in North Minshan. Results indicated that five panda nature reserves had been established, which formed a reserve group and covered 48.4% of panda habitat and three of five population components. Although the nature reserves were connected to each other, core zones were divided into seven isolated areas. These divisions can reduce the efficiency of protecting giant pandas in reserve systems. To optimise spatial patterns in nature reserves, one new reserve is proposed and it is recommended that core zones be expanded and merged into two areas, in accordance with the spatial distribution of the panda population. Three linkage areas are also proposed—for facilitating panda exchange and movement among different populations. The study is expected to provide a scientific basis for planning the development of nature reserves in this mountain range, to promote the establishment of nature reserve groups in other areas, and to optimise entire nature reserve systems in China.  相似文献   

12.
Ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA) is a multivariate approach to study geographic distribution of species on a large scale with only “presence” data. It has been widely applied in many fields including wildlife management, habitat assessment and habitat prediction. In this paper, this approach was applied in habitat suitability assessment for giant pandas in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province, China. With “presence” data of giant pandas and remote sensing data, habitat suitability of pandas in this county was evaluated based on ENFA model, and spatial distribution pattern of nature reserves and conservation gaps were then evaluated. The results show that giant pandas in this county prefer high-elevation zones (> 2128 m) dominated by coniferous forest, and mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forest, and avoid deciduous broadleaf forest and shrubs. Pandas avoid staying at habitats with human disturbances. Farmland is a major factor threatening panda habitat. Panda habitat is mainly distributed in north and west of Pingwu with a total area of 234033 hm2, 106345hm2 for suitable habitat and 127688 hm2 for marginally suitable habitat). 3 nature reserves were located in Pingwu, covering over 49.2% of total suitable habitat and 45.6% of total marginally suitable habitat. Although 47.2% of panda habitat was in reserves under protection, connectivity between reserves was weak and a conservation gap existed in the north part of Pingwu. Thus, a new nature reserve in Baima and Mupi should be established to link the isolated habitats.  相似文献   

13.
Compared to conventional approaches, the integration of population size analysis with habitat suitability assessment on a large scale can provide more evidence to explain the mechanisms of habitat isolation and fragmentation, and thus make regional conservation plans. In this paper, we analyzed the habitat suitability for giant pandas in the Minshan Mountains, China, using the ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA) method, and then evaluated the current conservation status of this endangered species. The results showed that (1) giant pandas were distributed in a narrow altitudinal range in which vegetation cover was dominated by coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forest, and deciduous broadleaf forest with scattered bamboo understory, and (2) roads and human settlements had strong negative effects on the panda habitat selection. According to habitat analysis, the total habitat area of giant panda in the Minshan Mountains was 953,173 ha, which was fragmented into 12 habitat units by major roads, rivers, and human settlements. The habitat of the mid-Minshan was less fragmentized, but was seriously fragmented in the north. The panda population size estimation showed that 676 individuals inhabited the study area, and 94.53% of them were in the mid-Minshan, but small panda populations less than 30 individuals inhabited the isolated and fragmented habitat patches in the north. The nature reserves in the Minshan Mountains have formed three conservation groups, which covered 41.26% of panda habitat and protected 70.71% of panda population of the study area, but there still exists two conservation gaps, and the connectivity among these reserves is still weak. Due to habitat isolation and extensive human disturbances, giant pandas in the north (i.e., Diebu, Zhouqu, and Wudou) are facing threats of local extinction. In order to protect pandas and their habitats in this area, some effective conservation approaches, such as establishing new reserves in gap areas, creating corridors among patches, and seasonally controlling traffic flux in key roads, should be implemented in the future to link these isolated habitats together.  相似文献   

14.
Habitat use and separation between the two sympatric species, the giant panda and the red panda, have been primary causes of coexistence at the fine scale. In this paper, we addressed the question of coexistence between species in space. By Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, we calculated species-specific habitat requirements, built habitat suitability maps and examined interspecific differences in spatial niche parameters. According to the ENFA scores, suitable habitats in the giant and red panda are surrounded by high-altitude, and are rich in conifer forest. Compared with the giant panda, however, the red panda rather preferred sparse forests, and normally colonized far from village and road. Despite similar narrow niche breadth for both pandas, difference of niche overlap indices implied that the width of environmental niche of red pandas almost completely encompasses that of the giant panda. We, therefore, suggest that differences in use of ecological niche variables may contribute to coexistence of the sympatric species in space. Based on highly suitable locations of the sympatric species maps, most official reserves appear to be poorly located or are too small, and new reserves are recommended to be established in the central part of core habitats in the Liangshan Mountains.  相似文献   

15.
汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
 大熊猫是生物多样性保护的旗舰种, 保护大熊猫及其栖息地是保护生物多样性和生态系统功能完整性与稳定性的重要保障体现。汶川地震灾区位于大熊猫重点分布区岷山-邛崃山, 地震及其次生灾害导致该区27个大熊猫自然保护区不同程度受损, 8.3%的大熊猫栖息地因地震而被破坏。地震及其次生灾害对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要表现在: 1) 地震埋没和砸毁大熊猫赖以生存的主食竹, 地震可能诱发主食竹开花, 威胁到大熊猫的健康和食物安全; 2) 地震及其诱发的土壤和山石运动显著影响森林的动态特征, 森林大面积丧失或质量下降; 3) 地震改变大熊猫栖息地生境特征, 大熊猫个体交流的廊道阻断, 形成“生殖孤岛”, 遗传多样性降低, 栖息地破碎化进程加快。应对震后大熊猫栖息地恢复的主要对策有: 1) 重新评估震后大熊猫栖息地质量, 并重新规划现有大熊猫保护区群的布局; 2) 应用地理信息系统、遥感及数学模型等手段与野外实地实证研究相结合的方法, 全面查清震后大熊猫栖息地主食竹资源状况及分布规律并及时监测其动态, 复壮更新大熊猫主食竹; 3) 利用天然植被自然恢复和人工重建等措施恢复因地震而退化或丧失的大熊猫栖息地。  相似文献   

16.
Livestock production is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. However, impacts of livestock on endangered species have been understudied, particularly across the livestock–wildlife interface in forested protected areas. We investigated the impact of an emerging livestock sector in China's renowned Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. We integrated empirical data from field surveys, remotely sensed imagery, and GPS collar tracking to analyze (1) the spatial distribution of horses in giant panda habitat, (2) space use and habitat selection patterns of horses and pandas, and (3) the impact of horses on pandas and bamboo (panda's main food source). We discovered that the horse distribution overlapped with suitable giant panda habitat. Horses had smaller home ranges than pandas but both species showed similarities in habitat selection. Horses consumed considerable amounts of bamboo, and may have resulted in a decline in panda habitat use. Our study highlights the need to formulate policies to address this emerging threat to the endangered giant panda. It also has implications for understanding livestock impacts in other protected areas across the globe.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT Because habitat loss and fragmentation threaten giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), habitat protection and restoration are important conservation measures for this endangered species. However, distribution and value of potential habitat to giant pandas on a regional scale are not fully known. Therefore, we identified and ranked giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, and adjacent areas in the Qinling Mountains of China. We used Mahalanobis distance and 11 digital habitat layers to develop a multivariate habitat signature associated with 247 surveyed giant panda locations, which we then applied to the study region. We identified approximately 128 km2of giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve (43.6% of the reserve) and 49 km2in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (33.6% of the reserve). We defined core habitat areas by incorporating a minimum patch-size criterion (5.5 km2) based on home-range size. Percentage of core habitat area was higher in Foping Nature Reserve (41.8% of the reserve) than Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (26.3% of the reserve). Within the larger analysis region, Foping Nature Reserve contained 32.7% of all core habitat areas we identified, indicating regional importance of the reserve. We observed a negative relationship between distribution of core areas and presence of roads and small villages. Protection of giant panda habitat at lower elevations and improvement of habitat linkages among core habitat areas are important in a regional approach to giant panda conservation.  相似文献   

18.
用间接遥感方法探测大熊猫栖息地竹林分布   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
竹子是野生大熊猫赖以生存的唯一食物。探测大熊猫栖息地内的竹林分布状况,有助于深入了解大熊猫及其栖息地的空间分布格局与特点,并为评估其栖息地适宜性、破碎化程度和生态承载力提供科学依据。由于大熊猫的主食竹大都生长于林下,直接通过遥感影像解译的方法很难实现对其分布密度的探测。以佛坪自然保护区的两大优势竹种——巴山木竹和秦岭箭竹为例,在运用遥感和GIS方法获取空间连续的环境变量时,引入了林上和林下的光照条件,通过分析不同竹种与各环境要素之间的关系,建立竹子密度的预测模型,最后在GIS空间分析技术的支持下实现了对林下竹子密度的绘制。研究结果显示:该方法能够比较准确地预测出林下竹子的分布状态,对两种竹子的密度预测精度均可达到70%以上。  相似文献   

19.
野生大熊猫现状、面临的挑战及展望   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
严旬 《兽类学报》2005,25(4):402-406
截至2003年底,我国野生大熊猫种群数量达1596只,分布在陕西、四川和甘肃3省的45个县境内,总栖息地面积达2304991hm^2。与第2次大熊猫调查相比,野生大熊猫生存状况已得到改善,分布范围扩大、栖息地面积增加、种群数量进一步增长。本文在第3次大熊猫调查的基础上,就野生大熊猫种群及栖息地现状进行了分析,指出未来保护大熊猫所面临的3个方面的挑战,即来自物种自身生物学特性的挑战、栖息地破碎化及隔离小种群未来命运的挑战以及大熊猫保护与社区经济发展需求相冲突的挑战。作者还就我国大熊猫保护前景进行了展望,即自然保护区数量将进一步增加,栖息地状况将进一步改善;种群数量在总体保持稳定的基础上将逐步增长,但局部小种群灭绝风险将加剧;圈养种群将形成能自我维持的种群,圈养个体通过培训将逐步放归到隔离野生小种群中以改变其命运。  相似文献   

20.
Climate change might pose an additional threat to the already vulnerable giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Effective conservation efforts require projections of vulnerability of the giant panda in facing climate change and proactive strategies to reduce emerging climate‐related threats. We used the maximum entropy model to assess the vulnerability of giant panda to climate change in the Qinling Mountains of China. The results of modeling included the following findings: (1) the area of suitable habitat for giant pandas was projected to decrease by 281 km2 from climate change by the 2050s; (2) the mean elevation of suitable habitat of giant panda was predicted to shift 30 m higher due to climate change over this period; (3) the network of nature reserves protect 61.73% of current suitable habitat for the species, and 59.23% of future suitable habitat; (4) current suitable habitat mainly located in Chenggu, Taibai, and Yangxian counties (with a total area of 987 km2) was predicted to be vulnerable. Assessing the vulnerability of giant panda provided adaptive strategies for conservation programs and national park construction. We proposed adaptation strategies to ameliorate the predicted impacts of climate change on giant panda, including establishing and adjusting reserves, establishing habitat corridors, improving adaptive capacity to climate change, and strengthening monitoring of giant panda.  相似文献   

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