渭河河道菊科植物资源调查与分析

通过实地调查、查阅文献等方法,研究了渭河菊科植物资源的种类、分布、观赏特性和生态特性等。结果表明:渭河河道菊科植物资源丰富,调查到的菊科植物共有49属85种,从中筛选出分布频率25%以上的种共21种,分析其观赏价值、生态价值以及开发利用前景,提出其在园林应用、生态改善、药用三个方面进行合理开发利用的建议。     

粤东山区山茶科植物资源及其开发利用初探

粤东山区山茶科植物有10属56种8变种2变型,主要集中于山茶属和柃木属,具有丰富的种质资源。山茶科具有园林观赏、药用、用材、经济原料等多种用途。山茶属、石笔木属、木荷属、大头茶属植物有较高的观赏价值,但目前在园林应用上较少。柃木属和山茶属植物又是重要的蜜源植物。研究这些植物的生物学特性和生态学特性,建立野生资源的种质库,筛选和培育优良品种,在园林上推广应用,发挥粤东地区的区位优势,生产出优质的茶油和茶蜜,将有力地促进经济发展。     

庐山野生观赏灌木植物组成及景观应用

通过多年野外调查和查阅相关文献资料,探讨庐山野生观赏灌木的组成。并统计整理出野生观赏灌木199种,隶属于43科、93属,提出了庐山观赏灌木的优势科、属;按植物观赏部位的不同将观赏灌木划分为4种类型。根据性状、观赏价值、适应能力、景观应用等特征,筛选出105种园林应用较好的野生观赏灌木,并就该地野生观赏灌木保护利用提出了建议。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物资源初步研究

实地调查了小溪国家级自然保护区内的野生观赏植物资源的种类、生活习性、利用价值及现状。结果表明,小溪自然保护区的野生观赏植物资源十分丰富,有81科171属519种及变种。蔷薇科、菊科等10科植物含有10种以上的植物,为该区的优势类群。对其中具有一定代表性、开发利用潜力较大的40种植物的生活型及供观赏的主要特征、花(果)期、生境、其他用途等进行了扼要描述。就如何充分合理地开发和保护野生观赏资源提出了建议。     

广东翁源青云山自然保护区野生地被植物资源及其园林应用

对青云山自然保护区内野生植物资源进行调查,筛选出观赏价值较高的野生地被植物173种(含变种),隶属79科139属,其中蕨类植物34种1变种,种子植物136种2变种。按照生活型分类,保护区有草本地被126种,矮灌木地被24种,藤本地被23种。根据观赏特性可将筛选出的野生地被植物分为观花、观叶、观果3类;根据地被植物的园林应用形式可分为空旷地地被、坡地地被、林缘与疏林地被、密林林下地被4个类型。文中针对青云山野生地被植物资源现状提出合理的保护和开发利用建议。     

广西园林藤本植物的筛选研究

该文报道了广西藤本植物资源概况与园林藤本植物筛选研究成果,简要介绍了广西藤本植物的种质资源及资源藤本植物利用现状,经过引种和调查选择,收集观赏藤本植物62种,通过配置应用试验和决选评价,决选出适合于城市园林建设的10个花卉品种,21个垂直绿化品种,3个地被植物品种。     

杭州西湖风景区野生观赏蕨类植物资源调查及其开发利用

通过资料查阅与实地调查相结合,对杭州西湖风景区野生观赏蕨类植物资源进行调查研究.发现具有较高观赏价值的野生观赏蕨类植物资源18科38属67种;同时按照观赏用途将这些植物应用到园林绿化、盆栽观赏、盆景配置、切花配叶等;最后讨论了这些野生观赏蕨类的保护和开发利用.     

陇东地区杀虫植物资源的研究初报

室内测定了采自甘肃陇东地区的136种植物样品的提取物对6种农业害虫的生物活性,筛选出了对试虫有50%以上生物活性的植物35种,其中豆科5种,菊科4种,茄科3种,其余各科不足3种,通过综合分析,认为骆驼蓬,苦豆子等10余种植物具有明显地开发应用价值。     

湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物调查与筛选

为进一步了解湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物的分布特点以及植物中亚麻酸含量等级,综合评价筛选出适合湘西地区大力发展的亚麻酸资源植物,该文通过查阅文献、实地调查及测定种子油脂相关指标,对湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物进行系统调查,并利用AHP层次分析法,从植物生长特性、油脂特性、开发利用潜能三方面选出10项评价指标,对湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物进行综合评价筛选。结果表明:湘西地区共有亚麻酸资源植物64科128属171种,其中芸香科、大戟科、豆科、唇形科等8科是亚麻酸植物数量优势科,花椒属、南蛇藤属、猕猴桃属3属是亚麻酸植物数量优势属;生活型中,木本植物有122种,草本植物有49种,木本植物占绝对优势;中等及高含量(含油量及亚麻酸含量≥20%)亚麻酸植物有90种,占亚麻酸植物总数的52.63%,这一类群亚麻酸含量丰富,具有较大利用价值;分布格局上,亚麻酸资源植物主要分布在湘西州中北部、海拔300~1 100 m的中低山地与丘陵地区,其中海拔700~800 m范围内最为丰富,高产富油种主要集中分布在湘西州中部地区。通过层次分析法综合评价筛选出美味猕猴桃、中华猕猴桃、香薷、藿香、刺壳花椒、杜仲、青葙、紫苏、路边青、回回苏、独行菜这11种植物为湘西地区Ⅰ级开发利用植物。     

青海孟达国家级自然保护区植物多样性研究

对孟达国家级自然保护区的植物多样性进行了研究。结果表明:保护区内有植物90科、298属、529种(包括变种)。其中,有裸子植物16种,被子植物488种,蕨类植物17种,苔藓类植物8种。国家珍稀濒危保护植物8种。资源植物丰富,分为药用、观赏、食用等10大类。植物垂直分布明显,生态系统类型多样。提出保护植物多样性应采取的措施。     

The Phylogenetic Association Between Salt Tolerance and Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation in Angiosperms

Salt tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation are two rare plant abilities that are heavily studied for their potential to contribute to agricultural sustainability and phytoremediation in response to anthropogenic environmental change. Several observations suggest that it is worth investigating the link between the abilities to tolerate high levels of soil salinity or accumulate more of a particular heavy metal from the soil than most plants. Firstly, several angiosperm families are known to contain both salt tolerant plants (halophytes) and heavy metal hyperaccumulators. Secondly, some halophytes can also accumulate heavy metals. Thirdly, although salinity tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation typically require many physiological or anatomical changes, both have apparently evolved many times in angiosperms and among closely related species. We test for a significant relationship between halophytes and hyperaccumulators in angiosperms using taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. We test whether there are more angiosperm families with both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected by chance, and whether there are more species identified as both halophyte and hyperaccumulator than if the abilities were unconnected. We also test whether halophytes and hyperaccumulators are phylogenetically clustered among species in seven angiosperm families. We find a significant association between halophytes and hyperaccumulators among angiosperm families and that there are significantly more species identified as both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected. Halophytes and hyperaccumulators each show low phylogenetic clustering, suggesting these abilities can vary among closely related species. In Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, halophytes and hyperaccumulators are more closely related than if the two traits evolved independently.     

福建连城县野生观赏花木资源筛选与开发利用

调查显示,福建连城县共有野生观赏植物61种,其中乔灌花木44种,地被藤本花卉17种。根据对其观赏价值进行比较,筛选出观赏价值较高的乔灌花木优势种类16个,地被及藤本花木优势种类6个,对优势种类性状特征及花果特点作了描述,分析其应用价值及配置形式,并根据创建生态旅游度假型城镇要求,提出开发应用野生观赏花木资源、促进园林生态建设可持续发展的对策措施。     

华南野牡丹科野生花卉种质资源的收集和繁殖

野牡丹科植物主要分布于热带亚热带地区,其中不乏许多有观赏价值的野生花卉.为了发掘其观赏方面的价值,本项目在华南地区调查和引种的基础上,进行了初步地繁殖和示范栽培工作.并从中选出了几个有较大观赏价值的种类供今后开发利用.     

Specific network and phylosymbiosis pattern in endophyte community of coastal halophytes

Halophytes colonize stressed environments of high salinity. Endophytic symbionts improve growth performance and thus adaptability of host plants in stressed environments. Nevertheless, studies focused on the distribution and assembly patterns of fungal endophyte assemblages of halophytes in high salinity environments are limited. We selected 27 common non-mangrove halophytes across 4 geographic sites along the eastern coastline of China for our investigation on endophyte assemblages. We found a significant amount of basidiomycetous fungi in the endophyte assemblage. The endophyte community compositions were significantly affected by plant species and geographic locations. Some halophyte hosts showed significant preference for endophytic fungi in host preference analysis. The network structures of host-microbe bipartite graphs at each site had low connection and were highly nested, modular and specialized. Current results also indicated significant correlation and congruency between host phylogeny and compositions of endophyte local communities and meta-community. Our research showed that host is the dominant factor shaping the fungal endophytic communities in aerial tissues of halophytes in high salinity environments, and the host influence on endophytic community relates to plant phylogeny.     

中国的盐生植物

本文主要讨论了有关中国盐生植物的五个方面的问题：(1)中国盐生植物的种类；(2)中国盐生植物的类型；(3)中国盐生植物的植被类型；(4)世界盐生植物名录中漏录的中国盐生植物；(5)中国盐生植物的经济潜势。最后还讨论了我国今后盐生植物研究方向和重点。     

中国的盐生植物

本文主要讨论了有关中国盐生植物的五个方面的问题：（１）中国盐生植物的种类；（２）中国盐生植物的类型；（３）中国盐生植物的植被类型；（４）世界盐生植物名录中漏录的中国盐生植物；（５）中国盐生植物的经济潜势。最后还讨论了我国今后盐生植物研究方向和重点。     

Salt accumulation in vegetative organs and ecological stoichiometry characteristics in typical halophytes in Xinjiang,China

AimsStudying salt accumulation in vegetative organs and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in halophytes contributes to understand the adaptive strategy to saline environment and the distribution mechanism of nutrients and salinity of the halophytes.MethodsFour typical dominant species, including three perennial shrubs (Halocnemum strobilaceum, Suaeda microphylla and Kalidium foliatum) and an annual herb (Salicornia europaea) were selected for analyzing the salt accumulation and C, N, P stoichiometry relationships.Important findings 1) The salt accumulation showed “salt island” effect at peak growing stage; Na⁺, Cl^- and electrical conductivity all showed significant positive trends, when salt ions were transported from the root to the shoot of 4 halophytes. 2) P was the limiting growth element of perennial shrubs, while both N and P were limiting factors for the annual herb. 3) Different organs, species and their interactions affected C, N, P stoichiometry and salt icons except Mg²⁺. 4) C was negatively correlated with N and P, but there was a significant positive correlation between N and P. 5) Electrical conductivity, Na⁺and K⁺ were positively correlated with N, N:P ratio, and negatively correlated with C, C:N and C:P ratios, and yet K⁺, CO₃^2- had significant positive correlation with P. These results implied that there were some kind of mutual promoting relationships between nutrients and salinity in halophytes in the saline environment, and fertilizing with N could promote sodium chloride desalination.     

Growing floricultural crops with brackish water

In the current review we focus on the opportunity to use brackish water in the cultivation of floricultural plants, plants for which, due to their high economic value, growers have traditionally used good quality water for irrigation. Now, even for these crops the use of alternative water sources for irrigating nursery plants is needed because of the limited supplies of fresh water in many countries; understanding how saline water can be used will also enhance sustainable development in floriculture. While salt stress usually reduces plant growth, any such reduction might not be negative for ornamentals, where shoot vigour is sometime undesirable, although on flower crops salt stress can delay flowering or decrease flower quality characteristics. However, a decrease in growth rate is not enough to characterize the salt tolerance of ornamental plants, but traits like tip and marginal leaf burn, as consequence of sodium and chlorine accumulation, have to be considered for their effects on aesthetical value. With this in mind, some halophytes should be considered for floriculture because of their ability to cope with saline environments; their potential to tolerate salt is an important factor in reducing production costs. Consequently, the identification of ornamental halophytes is important for producing a commercially acceptable crop when irrigated with brackish waters. Many aspects of a plant's reaction to salt are genetically determined, so selection of suitable genotypes or breeding for salt tolerance in ornamentals are interesting options. Developing salt-tolerant floricultural crops, together with typical management practices that avoid excessive salinity stress in the root media, will provide the grower with economically and environmentally sound wastewater reuse options.     

新疆北部主要盐生植物根部内生细菌群落结构的高通量分析

【目的】揭示同一盐渍环境中不同种盐生植物根部内生细菌群落多样性特征和分布规律,结合根际土壤理化因子探讨其对内生细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】通过罗氏454高通量测序获得内生细菌16S r RNA片段,然后进行生物信息分析。【结果】研究的16种盐生植物其内生细菌群落主要由Proteobacteria、Tenericutes、Actinobacteria和Firmicutes 4个门的细菌组成。从植物"种"的水平来看,不同种盐生植物内生细菌群落存在差异;从植物"属"的水平来看,同一属的盐生植物内生细菌相似;从植物"科"的水平来看,藜科盐生植物内生细菌以Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria门为主;蒺藜科盐生植物内生细菌以Proteobacteria门为主;柽柳科盐生植物内生细菌以Tenericutes门为主;白花丹科盐生植物内生细菌以Proteobacteria、Fimicutes和Actinobacteria门为主。根际土壤中Cl~–含量对盐生植物内生细菌群落变化具有显著影响;而Cl~–、Mg~(2+)和总氮组成的集合与内生细菌群落结构相关性最高。【结论】盐生植物内生细菌多样性丰富。在同一盐渍生境中,盐生植物内生细菌群落分布呈现宿主的种属特异性,根际土壤中Cl~–是影响其内生细菌群落变化的主要驱动因素之一。     

Species, types, distribution, and economic potential of halophytes in China

According to a survey conducted from 1995 to 2004 in the eight regions with salinized soils, China contains 587 halophytes representing 242 genera and 71 families: apart from three species of ferns, all are angiosperms. Physiologically, Chinese halophytes include salt-secreting halophytes, euhalophytes, and pseudohalophytes. Ecologically, Chinese halophytes include zerohalophytes, mesohalophytes, and hydrohalophytes. Chinese halophytes represent a salt-tolerant gene pool that might be used to increase the salt tolerance of conventional crops through breeding, but also have considerable potential as salt-tolerant economic crops providing food, forage, medicine, and industrial material in salinized soils.