灌溉植被梭梭、白刺光合蒸腾特性及影响因素研究

通过灌溉植被梭梭、白刺光合生理特性测定结果显示:梭梭、白刺光合、蒸腾日变化均呈单峰曲线,上午主要进行光合作用,10:00达到峰值,下午蒸腾作用较强,14:00～16∶00达到高峰期;灌溉植被光合速率随灌水量的增加而增大,灌溉梭梭平均光合速率相对免灌对照增加量为1.8～4.2μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,灌溉白刺相对增加量为1.5～2.3μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,梭梭光合增加量较高;灌溉梭梭蒸腾速率高于对照,增量为2.4～6.8mmolH2O·m-2·s-1,灌溉白刺蒸腾速率低于对照,减量为6.2～12.0mmolH2O·m-2·s-1;相关分析表明:光量子密度、胞间CO2浓度是影响梭梭、白刺光合作用的主要因子,大气温度、水汽压是影响其蒸腾作用的因子,叶片温度对灌溉植被梭梭、白刺的光合和蒸腾速率变化反应特别敏感,是影响其生理进程的重要因素之一.     

黄土丘陵区刺槐树干液流动态分析

2009年4月14日—10月10日,利用热扩散式液流探针(thermal dissipation probe,TDP)对延安市燕沟流域刺槐生长期树干边材液流进行连续监测,并同步监测光合有效辐射、气温、空气相对湿度、风速和降雨量等气象因子.结果表明:刺槐树干液流流速日变化呈单峰曲线,且不同季节液流的日动态变化存在明显差异.叶芽期(4月)液流启动时间在12:00左右,液流达到峰值的时间为18:00左右;5—8月液流启动时间提前到5:30—7:30,液流达到峰值的时间提前至15:00左右;9月以后,液流启动时间在8:00左右,液流达到峰值的时间提前至11:30—13:00.树干液流流速月平均值总体上呈"低-高-低"趋势,其中,4月的平均液流流速最小,为0.000549cm.s-1,8月最大,为0.002610cm.s-1.树干液流速率与气象因子密切相关,其相关性程度依次为:温度水汽压亏缺光合辐射强度相对湿度风速,且可用光合辐射强度和水汽压亏缺线性表达式来估测,其多元线性回归模型达到极显著水平(P0.001).     

2种麻黄光合及其耐逆性分析

在河西临泽小泉子麻黄大田种植试验区和民勤沙生植物园中草药种植区,对多年生中麻黄(Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.)和草麻黄(E.sinica Stapf)的光合速率、蒸腾速率及其影响因子进行测试分析,结果表明:(1)中麻黄和草麻黄的光合速率日变化均为单峰曲线,峰值均出现在11:00时,分别为12.098和11.560μmol.m-2.s-1。(2)中麻黄蒸腾速率日变化为单峰曲线,峰值在11:00时,为25.992 5 mol.m-2.s-1;草麻黄蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在11:00时与15:00时,峰值为26.280 0和24.3600 mol.m-2.s-1。(3)2种麻黄光合速率与光量子通量密度、大气温度、水汽压亏缺及蒸腾速率之间均呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与大气CO2浓度和胞间CO2浓度之间均呈显著或极显著负相关关系,与其余因子相关不显著。(4)2种麻黄水分利用效率对比分析显示,中麻黄水分利用效率值(平均0.9022)高于草麻黄(平均0.4532),表明中麻黄与草麻黄相比在生长过程中是以较低的蒸腾强度和相对较高的光合速率值来适应干旱荒漠环境的,比草麻黄更具抗干旱性。     

液体悬浮培养条件下发菜细胞的光合速率与呼吸速率

用液相氧电极测定离体悬浮生长发菜细胞的光合速率和呼吸速率的结果表明,发菜细胞的光补偿点为15￣16μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为90μmol·m-2·s-1,光抑制点为190μmol·m-2·s-1。25℃下发菜细胞光合速率最高,呼吸速率则在10￣50℃范围内随温度升高而增强。发菜细胞光合作用的最适pH值为7.0￣7.5,呼吸作用最适pH值为9.0。BG110无氮培养基中添加30mmol·L-1NaNO3,发菜细胞的光合速率增加约20%。培养基中Na2HPO4浓度为1.75mmol·L-1时,细胞光合速率和呼吸速率最大,随后保持稳定。钾盐浓度变化对发菜细胞光合速率和呼吸速率的影响不显著。     

鄂尔多斯螺旋藻（Spirulina erdosensis）光合生理的研究

对鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的鄂尔多斯螺旋藻Spirulinaerdosensis光合色素的吸收光谱、含量、光合速率和呼吸速率日变化进行了研究.结果表明:活体吸收光谱体现出了各色素在不同波段范围内的吸收差异;各种色素相对荧光强度有明显的差异.藻胆素的含量最高为97.86mg·g-1DW;类胡萝卜素的最低,为2.11mg·g-1DW;Chla为7.70mg·g-1DW.其光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,真、净光合速率均在13∶00达到最大,分别为36.24μmol·m-2·s-1和23.45μmol·m-2·s-1.     

虎杖光合生理生态特性日变化研究

用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对5个虎杖材料的光合生理特性日变化及其与气象因子关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）虎杖的净光合速率日变化呈‘单峰’型曲线,日最大净光合速率（15．0μmol·m^-2·s^-1）值出现在9：00左右;（2）叶片水压亏缺、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的峰值在同一时间出现（13：00）,胞间CO2浓度不随气孔导度的降低而减小,控制虎杖光合速率因子为非气孔限制;（3）供试5个材料的净光合速率日变化趋势基本一致,并以地栽组培苗的净光合速率最高,而‘贵州凯里’的最低。光合有效辐射对光合特征参数的变化影响最大,且对净光合速率起决定性作用（r-0．534^＊＊）,环境因子主要通过对蒸腾速率、叶片水压亏缺和叶面温度的作用来影响虎杖叶片净光合速率。     

几种野生银莲花生殖生长期的光合作用特性初探

采用LI-6400便携式光合仪对室外栽培的几种野生银莲花光合作用特性进行了研究.结果表明,净光合速率 Pn 和蒸腾速率 Tr 日变化均呈单峰曲线,前者的峰值出现在10:00～11:00时,后者的峰值出现在13:00时前后.在光强0～2000μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,Pn呈S曲线,光补偿点为60～80μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为800μmol·m-2·s-1左右,但光强继续增加到1800μmol·m-2·s-1,Pn仍有少许提高;Tr随PAR的增加而缓慢增加.在环境CO2浓度为0～350μmol·mol-1条件下,Pn直线上升,草玉梅、秋牡丹和野棉花的光合CO2补偿点均为50μmol·mol-1左右;Tr在环境CO2浓度25～350μmol·mol-1范围内几乎呈水平线.野生银莲花的Pn和Tr表现出较明显的种间差异.     

不同供钾水平对小麦旗叶光合速率日变化的影响

 在田间栽培条件下,研究了不同供钾水平对小麦(Triticum aestivum)‘安农8903’旗叶光合速率日变化的影响。结果表明：从扬花期到灌浆中期（5月1～20日）,植株及叶片中钾含量随不同供钾水平的提高而增大,尤以施K 82.5 kg·hm-2的增幅较大（2.7倍）。在小麦籽粒的灌浆进程中,植株的含钾量不断增加,但叶片中的含钾量却呈下降趋势。扬花期到灌浆中期的小麦旗叶由于高光强、高温和较低的相对湿度,其气孔导度和净光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线。两者皆在10∶00左右和15∶00左右各有一个峰值,前一峰值高于后一峰值,两峰之间的低谷在14∶00左右。胞间CO2浓度日变化则呈相反趋势,两个低谷出现于12∶00和15∶00,但灌浆中期时日变化曲线中只有一个低谷。土壤增施钾肥可增大小麦旗叶的气孔导度和净光合速率,减轻10%～37%由光合午休造成的CO2同化量损失,提高小麦产量。但施钾量与胞间CO2浓度之间相关性不显著。4种不同的钾素水平处理中以施用K2O 165 kg·hm-2的效果最佳。     

铁皮石斛叶片光合作用的碳代谢途径

 利用LI-6400光合测定系统测定了不同天气条件下铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale）叶片24h CO2吸收的动态以及CO2吸收对光强和温度的响应。晴天的白天和夜间铁皮石斛都能吸收CO2,中午CO2吸收速率为负值, CO2的交换方式具景天酸代谢途径(CAM)的特点。阴雨天,只有白天吸收CO2,夜间表现为暗呼吸,光合作用碳代谢的途径为C3途径。在多云的天气条件下,白天吸收CO2,并持续至日落后。夜间21∶00仍有CO2吸收,23∶00以后至次日凌晨处于暗呼吸状态。在500 μmol·m-2·s-1光照件下,20℃出现最大CO2吸收值。在夜间,25℃时CO2的吸收速率最高。有光和无光条件下,低温或高温引起CO2吸收速率下降均为非气孔因素所致。晴天上午,铁皮石斛叶片的表观量子产额为0.035,光合补偿点为2.9μmol·m-2·s-1,饱和光强为500μmol·m-2·s-1,强光下出现光抑制现象。叶片受到强光预先照射后,即使光照减弱光抑制效应仍保持一段时间,致使光合补偿点升高,表观量子产额下降,相同光强下的CO2吸收效率降低。结果表明：铁皮石斛为兼性CAM植物,随着环境条件的变化,其光合作用在景天酸代谢途径(CAM)与C3途径间变化。     

曼陀罗光合特性研究

采用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪对潜在能源植物曼陀罗(Datura stramonium L.)在6月份至9月份的光合特性指标(净光合速率、光合有效辐射强度和气孔导度)的日变化以及净光合速率和叶绿素含量的月平均值变化进行了研究,并采用非直角双曲线对曼陀罗叶片净光合速率的光响应曲线和C02响应曲线进行了拟合.结果表明:实验期间(6月份至9月份),光合有效辐射强度和曼陀罗叶片净光合速率的日变化均呈"单峰型",峰值出现在11:00左右;7月份的净光合速率峰值最高,为19.01μmol·m-2·s-1;气孔导度日变化呈"双峰型",最大峰值和次峰值分别出现在12:00和14:00.不同月份的净光合速率月平均值有极显著差异(P＜0.01),其中7月份的净光合速率月平均值最大,为9.41 μmol·m-2·s-1;不同月份叶绿素的月平均含量变化与净光合速率月平均值的变化相似,7月份叶绿素的月平均含量也最高,但叶绿素a、b及总叶绿素月平均含量有一定差异.曼陀罗叶片净光合速率的光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线相似,在光合有效辐射强度和CO2浓度较低的条件下呈线性升高,至饱和点后缓慢升高并趋于稳定;曼陀罗叶片的光补偿点为22.42 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为689.26 μmol·m-2·s-1;CO2补偿点为74.06μmol·mol-1,CO2饱和点为1 331.97μmol·mol-1.研究结果说明,曼陀罗为具有一定耐阴能力的阳性植物,但CO2同化能力较弱.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).