绿针假单胞菌的研究进展及农业应用潜力

绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)是目前研究较多的生防菌种之一.19世纪初被Miguela首次分离,将其鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),并将机会性病原菌绿脓杆菌作为其模式菌株,而后Peix于2007年重新将其分类为绿针假单胞菌(P.chlororaphis).目前该菌种已报道有4...     

具ACC脱氨酶活性的碱蓬内生细菌的分离、鉴定及其生物学特性

【目的】具有1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶活性的盐生植物碱蓬内生细菌的分离及生物学特性的研究有助于探索内生细菌与宿主植物耐盐性的关系。【方法】采用研磨法从健康碱蓬植株的根、茎、叶中分离具有ACC脱氨酶活性的碱蓬内生细菌,根据形态特征、生理生化、API鉴定系统和16S rRNA对菌种进行鉴定,并分别测定了菌株产ACC脱氨酶、铁载体、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、脱落酸、蛋白酶及溶磷、固氮和拮抗病原菌的特性。【结果】将分离得到的内生细菌LP11、SS12、TW1和TW2分别鉴定为栖稻假单胞菌(Pseudomonas oryzihabitans)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)、成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)和恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida),4株菌除具有较高的ACC脱氨酶活力之外,还可不同程度地产生铁载体、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素和脱落酸,且均有溶磷作用,但无固氮能力及蛋白酶活力,唯有菌株SS12对萝卜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.conglutinans)和黄瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)具有拮抗作用。【结论】从盐生植物碱蓬中分离到的假单胞菌属和泛菌属内生细菌,具有丰富多样的生物学特性。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌BaX030的分离鉴定及抗菌功能

摘要:【目的】芽胞杆菌是微生物活性物的重要来源,从全国各地采集的72份土壤样品中分离出339株芽胞杆菌,研究各菌株抑菌活性,分离纯化抑菌活性物,为丰富芽胞杆菌菌种资源和微生物次级代谢物的挖掘奠定实际应用基础。【方法】采用水浴加热和稀释平板涂布等方法从河南花生地采集的土壤中筛选得到一株具有很强抑菌活性的芽胞杆菌,结合形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对分析,对该菌株进行鉴定。丙酮沉淀、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析、C18反相柱层析得到Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030抑菌活性物,LC-MS/MS鉴定其分子量。利用滤纸片扩散法和平板对峙培养法测定抑菌谱及拮抗性质。【结果】筛选分离得到一株解淀粉芽胞杆菌,归类并命名为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030。BaX030对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、酵母菌( Saccharomycetes)有较强抑制效果,对水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyriculariaoryzae)、辣椒尖胞炭疽病菌(Chili pointed cell anthrax)、枇杷炭疽病菌(Gloeosporium eriobotryae speg)、烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica)有良好拮抗活性。初步确定BaX030产生的抑菌活性物为多肽类化合物。【结论】分离得到的B． amyloliquefaciens X030产生了一个对病原细菌具有较强抑制作用的多肽,同时该菌株在拮抗植物病原真菌方面也有明显的效果。     

土壤样品中粘细菌的分离鉴定及其生物活性检测

【目的】从土壤样品中分离粘细菌,对其进行纯化、归类与鉴定,以丰富粘细菌菌种资源;对纯化得到的粘细菌进行抑菌、杀虫及抗肿瘤生物活性的分析,为粘细菌次级代谢产物的开发奠定基础。【方法】采用灭活大肠杆菌和滤纸片诱导子实体法从土样中分离粘细菌,结合形态观察、生理生化特征和16S r DNA基因序列同源性分析,对分离到的各菌株进行鉴定并归类。通过平板扩散法、昆虫口服毒性测试、肿瘤细胞毒性实验等方法,检测粘细菌代谢产物生物活性。【结果】共分离得到35株粘细菌,初步分类为:粘球菌属(Myxococcus)9株;珊瑚球菌属(Corallococcus)9株;侏囊菌属(Nannocystis)11株;堆囊菌属(Sorangium)6株。从其中纯化得到8株粘细菌,对其进行了鉴定并命名。发现了具有高效且广谱的肿瘤细胞毒性效应菌株S22,S51和S55也具同样的细胞毒性;另外,还发现具有肿瘤细胞毒性的菌株S20和S22对枯草芽胞杆菌和白色念珠菌也具有较好的抑菌活性。【结论】土壤中存在丰富的粘细菌资源,发现了具有肿瘤细胞毒性的弱小珊瑚球菌与具有抑菌和强抗肿瘤活性的大孢珊瑚球菌,粘细菌是活性天然产物与新药开发的重要资源。     

一株拮抗辣椒疫霉的假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从甜椒根际土壤中分离到一株对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)具有强拮抗作用的假单胞属(Pseudomonasspp.)菌株GP72,研究其拮抗性表明,对多种植物病原真菌均有很强的抑制作用。对该菌株进行形态特征、生理生化、Biolog GN、(G C)mol%含量测定及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)。特征为单细胞,极生单个鞭毛,不能利用聚β-羟基丁酸盐,能够较强地利用Biolog系统95种碳源中的45种作为底物生长,较弱利用其中的6种底物,与绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)的相似性达到98%,相似指数为0.72。用热解链方法测得基因组DNA的(G C)mol%含量为65.1mol%。以16S rDNA序列为基础构建了包括13株邻近种属细菌在内的系统发育树,其中与模式致金色假单胞菌的同源性最近。     

印度块菌(Tuber indicum)菌根促生细菌的研究

【目的】筛选对印度块菌菌根量和菌根苗长势有促进作用的菌根促生细菌(Mycorrhization helper bacteria,MHB)。【方法】选择华山松为宿主植物,自块菌菌根根际土壤中分离得到的11种细菌为供试菌株,将印度块菌菌剂与不同浓度的细菌混合于特定基质中后接种于华山松上,并通过对印度块菌与华山松形成的菌根数、华山松的株高和地径三方面的统计与分析,确认MHB。【结果】Pseudomonas sp. JCM 5481 (P143)、Streptomyces sp. EN31 (S191)、Variovorax paradoxus (V633)在浓度为2.4×109 CFU/mL时对印度块菌菌根数、株高和地径均有极显著促进作用(P<0.01);Pseudomonas chlororaphis (P11)、Pseudomonas corrugate (P127)在浓度为0.8×109 CFU/mL时对印度块菌菌根数、株高和地径均有显著促进作用(P<0.05)。4种假单胞菌浓度梯度的设置显示了不同菌株适宜的浓度不同。【结论】实验获得5种MHB,并表明细菌浓度是获得MHB的一个重要影响因素。     

绿针假单胞菌色素的研究

对假单胞菌产生的色素已有报道。我们从我国东北地区的土壤中分离出一株假单胞菌,经鉴定定名为绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)。在斜面上培养,它能产生色素结晶(见图1),本文报道这种结晶的分离方法、物理化学特性、抗菌性能和毒性。     

番木瓜果实内生细菌MGP3 菌株的鉴定及拮抗作用

【目的】从番木瓜果皮内筛选具有较强拮抗活性的内生细菌防治番木瓜采后炭疽病和疫霉病,以减少果实采后病害带来的损失。【方法】采用稀释分离和平板抑菌圈法进行内生细菌的分离筛选,结合形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA部分序列同源性分析对菌株进行鉴定,菌株经利福平诱抗处理后田间接种到果树树干上,测定内生菌的定殖动态,采用采前和采后生防试验测定菌株对番木瓜炭疽病和疫霉病的生防效果。【结果】从番木瓜果皮中分离筛选到一株具有拮抗活性的内生细菌MGP3,对10种病原菌有较强的拮抗作用,鉴定该细菌为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,登录号JF708186),MGP3可进入番木瓜叶片、叶柄和果皮中定殖。MGP3对采后番木瓜炭疽病和疫霉病的防治效果分别达到50%和71%;除苗期外,采前4个不同时期经MGP3菌液处理可以显著降低采收后果实炭疽菌的潜伏侵染率和炭疽病的病情指数。【结论】番木瓜内生拮抗细菌MGP3具有潜在的生防应用价值。     

林麝源铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vB＿PaeM＿PAMD02的生物学特性与全基因组序列分析

【背景】圈养林麝一半以上的死亡是由铜绿假单胞菌引起的化脓性疾病导致。另外,由于细菌的抗性增加,噬菌体是继抗生素后的另一抗菌选择。【目的】以分离自病死林麝肺脏的铜绿假单胞菌为宿主菌分离一株噬菌体,对其进行生物学特性、全基因组序列分析与体内抑菌试验。【方法】通过双层平板法分离纯化一株裂解性噬菌体,测定其裂解谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、热稳定性、最适生长pH等生物学特性,通过电镜观察其具体形态,进行全基因组测序与序列分析,并进行小鼠体内抑菌试验。【结果】分离到一株裂解性铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体并命名为vB＿PaeM＿PAMD02,该噬菌体具有透明且边缘清晰无晕环的噬菌斑,其裂解谱较窄,最佳感染复数为0.1,裂解潜伏期为40 min,裂解暴发量较高,热稳定性较高,可耐受弱碱环境。其全基因组大小为66 264 bp,GC含量为55.59%,序列注释结果显示该噬菌体具有92个开放阅读框,不含毒力与耐药基因,属于肌尾噬菌体科。小鼠体内抑菌试验结果显示了PAMD02对其宿主菌良好的抑菌效果。【结论】本研究分离的噬菌体PAMD02有较高的裂解效率,对不利环境有较好的耐受性,不含毒力基因与耐药基因,具有应用...     

怀地黄活性内生菌的分离鉴定及抗菌抗肿瘤活性

利用平板分离法从怀地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)中分离出内生菌共130株,包括67株细菌、50株真菌和13株放线菌。利用大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉作为供试菌株,通过对峙试验和平板点接法筛选出8株对3种供试菌株均具有较强拮抗作用的内生菌。经菌种形态观察、生理生化实验以及16S rRNA序列测定,这8株活性内生菌均为假单胞菌属的细菌,并分别与Pseudomonas fluorescens、Pseudomonas thivervalensis、Pseudomonas chlororaphis、Pseudomonas koreensis和一个未定种具有最高相似性。对这8株活性内生菌进行液体发酵、不同有机溶剂抽提和抗菌抗肿瘤研究,结果表明它们的乙醇抽提物和乙酸乙酯抽提物均不同程度地对3种供试菌株和食管癌细胞系Ec9706具有抑制作用。其中2-2号菌株(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)抗菌抗肿瘤作用最强,具有重要的开发价值。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.