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1.
光调控在植物组织培养中的应用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
光调控是植物组织培养中一种有效的环境控制技术。该文对近年来国内外有关光调控在植物组织培养中的应用,即光照强度、光周期、光质对组培植物的生长发育、光合作用、愈伤组织诱导及其增殖与分化、器官和体细胞胚发生、生理特性及次生代谢物质等方面的影响研究进展进行了综述,为植物细胞工程提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
在植物组织培养和遗传转化研究中,人们通常用“再分化率”来衡量外植体或受体材料的再分化能力和水平,再分化率越高,表明培养基、培养条件和外植体(或受体材料)等综合因素的选择越合理,建立的再生体系越完善,在植物细胞工程研究和转基因研究中的可靠性越好。为了能准确地反映外植体再分化的水平和描述单个外植体再分化形成器官的能力,提出了“再分化系数”这一概念。目前我国的《植物组织培养》和《植物生物技术》相关的教课书中,  相似文献   

3.
植物生物技术是指将植物生物学原理和技术科学相结合生产有经济价值的产品的技术。植物生物技术的一般含义包括细胞工程和基因工程两个组成部分。1.细胞工程植物细胞工程是在细胞水平上的生物工程,植物组织和细胞培养是细胞工程中最基本的手段。植物组织和细胞培养涉及细胞工程的技术包括以下诸点。(1)试管苗快速繁殖我国在这方面已有不少成功的经验。甘蔗的试管苗快繁就是一例。众所周知,甘蔗的繁殖系数低,用种量大,获得一个优良品系,推广出去至少要花上8~10年的时间。利用桂糖11号新品种的嫩叶胚性细胞团育苗法,建立一级苗圃和…  相似文献   

4.
珍稀濒危植物组织培养研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文总结了我国一、二级保护植物的组织培养研究现状,分析了已有组织培养报道的珍稀植物在外植体选择和分化途径上的特点,并从基本培养基、激素及附加营养成分等方面分析了珍稀植物组织培养的影响因素;提出了在珍稀濒危植物组织培养研究和实际应用中存在的问题.  相似文献   

5.
植物试管繁殖的成本与效益浅析   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24  
近30年来,植物细胞和组织培养技术有了飞跃的发展。1960年Morel用兰花茎尖离体培养获得脱病毒植株后,国内外相继建立了兰花工业。在兰花试管快繁高效益的刺激下,观赏植物、果树和园艺植物农林植物药用及工业原料植物的试管快繁和脱病毒技术的研究和应用取得很大的进展。国内外先后建立了试管苗产业,进行了规模化和商业化生产,这是植物组织培养应用最大、最有成效的一个方面[’,’‘,”,”,‘’+‘’]。现在世界上几乎所有地区均在开展植物组织培养的研究与应用,大部分是研究植株的再生及快速繁殖“”””,’‘’“,‘”据报…  相似文献   

6.
综述近年来生物技术在凤梨科植物中的应用进展,重点介绍凤梨科植物组织培养研究及其常见问题,概述了凤梨科植物遗传转化的研究现状,并对一些问题提出解决对策.  相似文献   

7.
第一届亚太地区植物细胞和组织培养会议于1993年9月5~9日在韩国大田(Taejon)科学城举行。来自美国、中国、日本和印度等近20个国家和地区约300位代表出席。中国大陆有8位,台湾有6位科学家参加。本次会议主题是发育生物学和生物技术的进展,探讨植物组织培养在这些方面的应用所取得的成果。这次会议虽然属亚太地区会议,但由于中国、美国、日本和印度等在组织培养方面水平较高,会议还是反映了当前国际上植物组织培养在植物科学诸多领域的发展趋势。作为东道主的韩国对此次会议极为重视,在开幕式上韩国科技部部长亲自到会致词。会上邀…  相似文献   

8.
李海宁  田先华  任毅 《西北植物学报》2006,26(12):2580-2582
报道了《秦岭植物志》遗漏的5种、2变种植物,它们分属于6科、7属,分别为:菊科的同花母菊、石竹科的须弥孩儿参和无毛漆姑草、禾本科的蒙古穗三毛(变种)、十字花科的毛葶苈、蓼科的狭叶圆穗蓼(变种)和败酱科的小花缬草。  相似文献   

9.
改善植物大规模组织培养条件的研究进展   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
蔡能  易自力  李祥 《植物学通报》2003,20(6):745-751
植物组织培养技术具有巨大的应用价值,传统组织培养存在许多缺点,许多学者从培养基、培养容器、环境条件(光照、气体等)进行了研究和改善,取得了一定的成效。综述了这些方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

10.
植物组织培养技术被列入高中生物学选修模块“生物技术实践”内容中。依据实验教学实践,从应用价值、培养周期、激素调控规律方面,探讨了矮牵牛作为植物组织培养教学实验材料的优势。  相似文献   

11.
巴音布鲁克大尤尔都斯盆地野生种子植物区系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于野外实地调查,采集植物标本鉴定并结合相关文献资料整理,构建新疆巴音布鲁克大尤尔都斯盆地野生种子植物名录,在此基础上对该地区野生种子植物区系进行研究.结果表明:(1)巴音布鲁克大尤尔都斯盆地共有野生种子植物60科261属770种.(2)优势科有禾本科、菊科、豆科、石竹科、蔷薇科、十字花科、莎草科、毛茛科等11个科,表征科有豆科、龙胆科、石竹科、禾本科4个科.(3)区系地理成分以温带分布型为主,其中在科级水平上,温带分布型所属科共有30科,占到总科数(不含世界广布科)的88.24%;在属级水平上,温带性质分布型的属有220属,占总属数(不含世界广布属)的97.78%;同时该地区植物物种与地中海、中亚、西亚交流相对较多,而与东亚和热带交流很少.(1)本地区无中国特有属,但有中国特有种55个,其中新疆特有种32个.  相似文献   

12.
The family Caryophyllaceae includes world-wide 86 genera and approximately 2100 species. Greece is one of its most important centres of diversity and endemism. A total of 428 Caryophyllaceae taxa are distributed in Greece, 161 of them being endemic to the Greek political territory. The endemic element represents approximately 5% of the global diversity of the family at the species level. The aim of this paper is to discuss the distribution patterns of the Greek endemic Caryophyllaceae, as well as those with a limited distribution range to the neighbouring areas of the Balkans and Anatolia, on the basis of the phytogeographical regions of Greece in order to identify the important regions for their conservation. The majority of the Greek endemic Caryophyllaceae (64.6%) are distributed in only one single phytogeographical region, or even a smaller area indicating the extremely restricted distribution ranges of the endemic plants in Greece. Actually 83 Greek endemic Caryophyllaceae can be grouped on cytotaxonomic criteria. Most of them belong to the category of schizoendemics (91.6%), indicating that the endemism of Caryophyllaceae in Greece has mainly originated in an active way. Cluster analysis has been used to classify the phytogeographical regions according to their floristic similarities. Two iterative complementarity methods were used to evaluate the importance of each phytogeographical region in the conservation of the endemic Caryophyllaceae in Greece. Peloponnisos, Kriti-Karpathos and Sterea Ellas are the most important phytogeographical regions in this respect, followed by North Central and North East. When adding the Balkan-Aegean-Anatolian endemics to the analysis, Peloponnisos, North Central, Kriti-Karpathos, North East and Eastern Aegean result as the most important areas. In every case, an elevated number of sites are required for the conservation of Caryophyllaceae in Greece, reflecting the great dissimilarities in the floristic composition of the various phytogeographical regions. The results provided by the different methods are compared. A catalogue of the Greek endemic Caryophyllaceae is appended.  相似文献   

13.
Cerdia is a poorly understood genus of minute cushiony plants endemic to Mexico that is traditionally placed in subfamily Paronychioideae, tribe Polycarpeae (Caryophyllaceae). Morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of ITS DNA sequences were carried out to determine the number of species, heretofore controversial, that constitute the genus as well as its position within Caryophyllaceae. Samples of Cerdia were collected through its entire range of distribution and together with previous specimens were used in morphological analyses. Nineteen terminal taxa were considered in a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of the different lineages in Caryophyllaceae. Results indicated that Cerdia is a monotypic genus, including only one variable species, C .  virescens , but its phylogenetic affinities remain doubtful.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 152 , 1–13.  相似文献   

14.
用HPLC等现代分离技术,从各样少于100g的北极3种石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)植物StellariacrassipesHult.、CerastiumarcticumLange和C.regeliiOstenf.中分得5个新环肽,分别命名为arcticuminA(1)、arcticuminB(2)、arcticuminC(3)、regelinA(4)和crassipinB(5),并通过FAB -MS和氨基酸组成分析初步鉴定了它们的结构;通过对北极石竹科环肽与青藏高原石竹科环肽的比较,证明了环肽是石竹科的特征成分以及北极地区是石竹科植物分布中心的一个区域。  相似文献   

15.
Tissue culture techniques for the propagation and conservation of endemic or threatened plants can be used to complement the methods usually applied in ex situ conservation. Thus, Minuartia valentina (Caryophyllaceae), an endangered plant species endemic to the Valencia Community (Eastern Spain), was successfully regenerated through shoot proliferation from wild plants growing in their natural area. Nodal segments, 10~mm long, were cut from rametes of adult material, sterilised and established in vitro. Equally successful shoot multiplication was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 80 mg l-1 phloroglucinol in combination with either 1 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine or 1 mg l-1 kinetin. Excised shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with an auxin (indole acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, or napththalene acetic acid). Shoots rooted well (96–100%) within three weeks in all auxin treatments. However, the use of napththalene acetic acid was discarded because this auxin delayed root differentiation, and induced adventitious root malformation. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots and 85% of them acclimatized successfully four weeks after transfer to greenhouse conditions, where they exhibited normal morphology and growth.  相似文献   

16.
Anther smuts in the genus Microbotryum often show very high host specificity toward their caryophyllaceous hosts, but some of the larger host groups such as Dianthus are crucially undersampled for these parasites so that the question of host specificity cannot be answered conclusively. In this study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of members of the Microbotryum dianthorum species complex as well as their Dianthus hosts. We compared phylogenetic trees of these parasites including sequences of anther smuts from other Caryophyllaceae, mainly Silene, with phylogenies of Caryophyllaceae that are known to harbor anther smuts. Additionally we tested whether observed patterns in parasites are due to shared ancestry or if geographic separation is a factor that should be taken into consideration in delimitating species. Parasites on Dianthus showed mainly an arbitrary distribution on Dianthus hosts, whereas parasites on other Caryophyllaceae formed well-supported monophyletic clades that corresponded to restricted host groups. The same pattern was observed in the Caryophyllaceae studied: morphologically described Dianthus species did not correspond well with monophyletic clades based on molecular data, whereas other Caryophyllaceae mainly did. We suggest that these different patterns primarily result from different breeding systems and speciation times between different host groups as well as difficulties in species delimitations in the genus Dianthus.  相似文献   

17.
A new genus and species (Caryophylloflora paleogenica genus and species nova G. J. Jord. & Macphail) are proposed for a fossil inflorescence found in Middle-Late Eocene sediments at Locharbour, northeastern Tasmania, Australia. A parsimony analysis of 75 extant species of the order Caryophyllales and five outgroups placed the fossil within Caryophyllaceae, either subfamily Alsinoideae or Caryophylloideae. The analysis used molecular (rbcL and/or matK), morphological, and anatomical data for the extant species and morphological data for the fossil. Tests on extant species imply that the placement of the fossil should be convincing. The fossil appears to be of a lineage distinct from any extant Australian Caryophyllaceae. In situ pollen are consistent with the form species, Periporopollenites polyoratus. This relatively simple pollen type first appears in Australia and New Zealand in the Late Cretaceous, the oldest known record of the Caryophyllaceae. The last appearance of P. polyoratus in Australia is in the Oligocene, and extant Australian members of the Caryophyllaceae are best interpreted as having evolved from species that dispersed from elsewhere during the Neogene or Quaternary.  相似文献   

18.
Organ number per whorl was analysed in aberrant flowers of the long-day (LD) plant , Silene coeli-rosa , to test a hypothesis that organ number in a whorl takes its cue from an adjacent outer whorl and that perturbed organ number per whorl is not random but defaults to that of closely related taxa or genera of the Caryophyllaceae. When plants were grown under short-days (SD), transferred to LD and the shoot meristem excised and cultured in vitro under SD, the normal pattern of flower development was often disrupted. For example, we observed flowers which comprised floral whorls with an aberrant number of floral organs. In part, this was an effect of tissue culture; however, the over-and-above effect was the establishment of an alternative pattern of development. Our data indicate that two distinct and recurrent patterns occurred in the aberrant flowers we observed in five separate experiments. First, pairs of floral whorls were linked so that aberration in one whorl resulted in the next whorl being more aberrant than normal. Second, the number of organs in aberrant whorls was not random, but defaulted to an organ number which mimicked the flowers of closely related species of Silene or related genera in the Caryophyllaceae.  © 2002 The Linnean Society of London , Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 140 , 229−235.  相似文献   

19.
A large number of type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs)from plants (families of Caryophyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae,Phytolaccaceae, and Poaceae) were examined for their requirementfor ATP and supernatant factors for full activity. A markedrequirement was observed with agrostin among Caryophyllaceae,gelonin among Euphorbiaceae, and with both barley RIP and tritin-Samong Poaceae. The distribution of cofactor requirement in Phytolaccaceaediscriminates leaf forms (cofactor-independent) from seed androot forms (cofactor-dependent). The results are discussed onthe basis of the present knowledge on the tissue localizationof RIPs and on the sensitivity of ribosomes to conspecific RIPs. Key words: Cofactors, ribosome-inactivating proteins, RNA-N-glycosidase, up-regulation  相似文献   

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