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1.
金沙江干热河谷地区构树的AFLP分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
根据构树树皮颜色和斑纹色泽,将金沙江河谷两岸自然分布的构树分为4个不同类型,即红构、红花构、白花构和青构.应用AFLP分子标记技术,采用E 3/M 3引物组合,对该4个类型构树进行了分析鉴定.结果显示,9对引物组合共扩增出584条带,其中237条为多态带,多态带百分率为40.6%;9对引物组合扩增得到了4类构树各自特有的AFLP指纹图谱,并可明确区分4个类型构树;UPGMA聚类分析结果与供试材料的形态鉴别完全一致.结果表明,4个类型构树的表型差异是由遗传物质的变异而引起,从而为构树新品种的划分、鉴定和登录奠定了基础.  相似文献   

2.
金沙江支流普渡河、小江干热河谷的丛枝菌根   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
调查具有不同植物群落的金沙江支流普渡河、小江干热河谷中91种常见植物的丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率及孢子密度。普渡河样地调查了56种植物,其中54种(96%)植物能形成典型的丛枝菌根,其平均孢子密度为1423±175/100g土;小江样地35种植物中有34种(97%)植物能形成典型的丛枝菌根,其平均孢子密度为601±103/100g土。单因素方差分析表明两个样地植物的AMF总感染率差异不显著,但其根际土壤中AMF孢子密度却存在显著差异,小江样地的AMF孢子密度明显低于普渡河样地。相关性分析表明,干热河谷植物的AMF感染率与其根际土壤中的AMF孢子密度之间不存在相关性。此外,调查还发现91种植物中,有61种植物(67%)在形成AM的同时,也被黑色有隔内生菌感染。  相似文献   

3.
芒果畸形病是芒果上的重要病害之一,由镰孢菌侵染引起,其中以Fusarium mangiferae为主要致病菌.该病害诊断困难,且难于有效控制,因此,一旦发生则对芒果生产造成严重威胁.研究基于ISSR分子标记技术,从50条已知引物中筛选得到一条目的引物UBC 888,该引物可稳定扩增出大小为479bp的F. mangiferae特异性条带(GenBank Accession No. KJ526382).根据获得的特异性片段序列设计引物,成功地将ISSR标记转化为SCAR标记,并获得一对SCAR特异性引物(W342,W1772)和一段大小为1 376bp的特异性扩增片段(GenBank Accession No. KJ526383).通过优化特异性引物扩增条件,获得最适退火温度,构建芒果畸形病病原菌F. mangiferae的快速分子检测技术.此技术操作简单,特异性强,可检测真菌DNA的含量最低为10pg,适用于F. mangiferae和田间带菌芒果组织高灵敏度快速检测,为芒果畸形病的早期诊断和及时预防提供可靠理论依据和技术方法.  相似文献   

4.
贵州半夏块茎腐烂病病原菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】对贵州省半夏块茎腐烂病病原菌进行分离和鉴定,为开发有效的防治技术体系提供依据。【方法】采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,根据柯氏法则进行致病性测定,结合形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学方法进行鉴定。【结果】从贵州3个半夏产地患病样品中分离出12株病原细菌和5株病原真菌。经形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学方法鉴定,12株病原细菌为胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜软腐亚种;ZJ、Z3病原真菌为尖孢镰刀菌,D3、D5、H1为茄病镰刀菌。【结论】贵州省半夏块茎腐烂病的病原菌有病原细菌和病原真菌。  相似文献   

5.
真核生物延伸生长因子基因(EF-1α)在蛋白质翻译过程中起着重要的作用,其序列具有高度的保守性,是一种管家基因.本文通过 RT-PCR 克隆出奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)EF-1α的部分cDNA序列,其长度为425 bp,翻译成141个氨基酸,计算的蛋白质分子量为15.1 ku.同源性分析显示,奥利亚罗非鱼EF-1α氨基酸序列与尼罗罗非鱼(O.niloticus)的相似性最高,为100%;与青鳉(Oryzias latipes)、欧洲鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、鲑鱼(Salmo trutta)的相似性分别为92%、91%、85%、82%;与小鼠(Mus musculus)、大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、人(Homo sapiens)、鸡(Gallus gallus)的相似性均为85%.同时克隆出奥利亚罗非鱼EF-1α相应的DNA序列,共506 bp.cDNA与DNA的序列比对显示克隆出的奥利亚罗非鱼EF-1α含有1个内含子,这为将来设计EF-1α荧光定量引物以及测定其在不同组织中的表达量变化打下基础.  相似文献   

6.
长叶轮钟草[Campanumoea lancifolia (Roxb.) Merr.]是一种具有药食两用价值的新资源,开发利用前景广阔。田间调研发现,随着其种植面积的扩大,根腐病问题日益严重,在根腐病严重的田间,损失可高达40%,占长叶轮钟草所有病害造成损失的75%-90%,直接导致了果实产量及品质的下降,影响了商品价值及农户的收入,开展长叶轮钟草根腐病的防治工作迫在眉睫。【目的】分离和鉴定长叶轮钟草根腐病病原菌,同时提取4种芳香中药植物的挥发油,研究其对长叶轮钟草病原菌生长的抑制作用。【方法】采用常规组织分离法对典型根腐病症状的长叶轮钟草病害植株进行病原菌的分离纯化,结合形态学和分子生物学手段鉴定病原菌种类,并进行科赫氏法则验证。采用水蒸气蒸馏法从芳香中药植物中提取挥发油,通过牛津杯法评估挥发油的抑菌效果,并通过96孔板法研究了其最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentrations, MICs)。【结果】从患病的长叶轮钟草植株根系中分离并鉴定到4株病原菌,将分离得到的4株病原菌回接后,植物出现了与大田一致的根腐病症状。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,4株菌分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)、麦冬炭疽菌(Colletotrichum liriopes)和蔓枯病菌(Stagonosporopsis pogostemonis)。挥发油抑菌实验发现,4种挥发油对尖孢镰刀菌、茄腐镰刀菌、蔓枯病原菌和麦冬炭疽菌均有很强的抑制效果,抑制率在32.94%-95.29%之间。此外,4种挥发油对4株病原菌MICs在0.031-4.000mg/mL之间。【结论】本研究表明,尖孢镰刀菌、茄腐镰刀菌、蔓枯病原菌和麦冬炭疽菌均为长叶轮钟草的致病菌,且茄腐镰刀菌、蔓枯病原菌和麦冬炭疽菌为首次报道的长叶轮钟草根腐病病原菌。此外,基于中医“芳香避秽”的思想理论,本研究选取的4种芳香植物的挥发油对长叶轮钟草的根腐病病原菌均有较强的抑制作用。本研究为长叶轮钟草根腐病植物源农药的开发和未来该资源的绿色种植奠定了科学基础。  相似文献   

7.
宁海地区香鱼弧菌病病原菌鉴定   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
摘要:【目的】香鱼弧菌病对中国沿海地区的香鱼养殖业造成了巨大的危害,然而,病原不明导致了防治上的许多问题。本文鉴定了引起宁海地区香鱼爆发性弧菌病的病原。【方法】采用TCBS平板分离优势菌;采用回归感染试验确认病原菌,采用改进的寇氏法计算LD50;采用形态学观察、生理生化特征测定、细菌特异性引物PCR扩增检测及细菌16S rRNA和金属蛋白酶(MP)基因序列分析鉴定细菌;采用药敏实验测定它对部分抗生素的敏感性。【结果】分离并鉴定优势菌株ayu-H080701为宁海地区香鱼弧菌病的病原菌,它对香鱼的半致死量为1.2×104 CFU。形态学观察和生理生化特征测定表明,ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌最为接近。PCR扩增检测表明,细菌16S rRNA 基因通用引物和鳗利斯顿氏菌MP基因特异引物均能扩增到预期大小的特异性条带。ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌16S rRNA基因核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99.4%~99.5%,与同属的海弧菌和美人鱼发光杆菌分别为94.3%和91.9%;ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌MP氨基酸序列同源性高达97.6%~98.8 %,与其它弧菌科成员则低于75.6 %,系统进化树分析也揭示ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌进化相关性最高。【结论】引起宁海地区香鱼弧菌病的菌株ayu-H080701被鉴定为鳗利斯顿氏菌。  相似文献   

8.
分离筛选到一株对黄瓜枯萎病病原菌——尖孢镰刀菌具有显著拮抗作用的菌株YHJ15,并根据其生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列将其初步鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌;研究了其最适的生长条件。为黄瓜枯萎病的生物防治提供了种质资源。  相似文献   

9.
岩羊为国家Ⅱ级保护动物。目前,由于人类活动范围日益扩大,其栖息地遭到了不同程度的破坏,岩羊种群数量和分布范围呈明显下降趋势。为了及时制定科学的保护策略必须了解它们的种群遗传结构。本文以粪便为研究材料,对来自金沙江河谷地区林线以上岩羊和林线以下矮个子岩羊共4个地理种群的169份有效样品进行线粒体CR全序列分析,共检测出210个变异位点,定义了4种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.68,核苷酸多样性为0.0242,显示种群整体遗传多样性水平较低。基于最大简约法构建的系统发育树中,金沙江河谷地区的4个地理种群被划分到四川种群的2个亚分支中,但云南曲宗贡的部分岩羊和四川竹巴笼的矮个子岩羊单倍型存在共享现象。根据分子钟计算,林线上下岩羊分化时间在39~32万年前,在中更新世早中期(105~36万年前)气候影响下,导致岩羊在金沙江河谷高低海拔之间相互迁移。对于岩羊在历史上所表现出的潜在迁徙能力,我们建议将白马雪山自然保护区到竹巴笼自然保护区之间的金沙江河谷地区作为岩羊和矮个子岩羊的栖息地整体保护。  相似文献   

10.
一株茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)固体发酵培养物经柱层析分离得到10个化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(1)、水杨酸甲酯(2)、水杨酸戊酯(3)、香草乙酮(4)、草夹竹桃苷(5)、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol(7)、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylaino]-8-octadecene -1,3-diol (8)、脑苷脂D(9)和脑苷脂C(10)。所有化合物均为首次从茄病镰刀菌中分离得到,其中化合物6首次作为天然产物报道。  相似文献   

11.
河北省苹果园根际土壤中疑似致病镰孢菌种类   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解引起河北省苹果再植病害的病原菌,在河北省10个地区苹果园中采集土壤样品,在实验室进行病原菌的诱集分离培养,根据形态和分子特征对主要病原菌进行种类鉴定。结果表明,在分离得到的293株真菌中,有116株镰孢菌,为分离频率最高的真菌。在形态学鉴定的基础上,对供试镰孢菌进行了分子鉴定。在基于核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列与翻译延长因子1α(EF-1α)序列片段构建的系统发育树中,代表菌株分别与GenBank登记的所属菌株聚于同一群。研究结果明确了河北省苹果再植病害的疑似致病镰孢菌,包括:尖孢镰孢Fusarium oxysporum、木贼镰孢F. equiseti、锐顶镰孢F. acuminatum、层出镰孢F. proliferatum和茄腐镰孢F. solani。  相似文献   

12.
【目的】由于绢粉蝶属Aporia和妹粉蝶属Mesapia的分类地位尚存在争议,本研究基于COI和EF-1α基因探讨它们的系统发育关系。【方法】对采自中国的19个种(含绢粉蝶属13个种,妹粉蝶属1种以及用作外群的另外3个属的5个种)的COI和EF-1α基因部分序列进行了测定和分析;依据这2个基因的联合序列采用最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)和贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference,BI)构建了这些种的系统发育树。【结果】序列分析结果显示,测得的COI序列长度为657 bp,EF-1α序列长度为642 bp,联合后获得的序列总长为1 299 bp,其中变异位点439个,简约信息位点249个;序列A+T的含量明显高于C+G的含量。系统发生分析结果显示,除外群外,其余种类形成单系群(BV=100,PP=1.00),且分成两大支,一支为(奥倍绢粉蝶A.oberthuri+锯纹绢粉A.goutellei)+(丫纹绢粉蝶A.delavayi+(完善绢粉蝶A.agathon+(马丁绢粉蝶A.martineti+(大翅绢粉蝶A.largeteaui+巨翅绢粉蝶A.gigantea)))),另一支为普通绢粉蝶A.genestieri+(中亚绢粉蝶A.leucodice+((绢粉蝶A.crataegi+灰翅绢粉蝶A.potanini)+(妹粉蝶M.peloria+(暗色绢粉蝶A.bieti+小檗绢粉蝶A.hippia))))。【结论】本研究结果支持妹粉蝶属应为绢粉蝶属的异名,且绢粉蝶属内不再划分亚属和种组。  相似文献   

13.
A bacterial cDNA clone was identified carrying one third of the nucleotides coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from the brine shrimp Artemia. The sequence of codons corresponds with the known sequence of amino acids of EF-1 alpha in the region involved.  相似文献   

14.
15.
    
Elongation factor-1alpha plays an essential role in eukaryotic protein biosynthesis. Recently, we have shown by protein structure modeling the presence of a hairpin-loop of 12 amino acids in mammalian EF-1alpha that is absent in the leishmania homologue [D. Nandan, A. Cherkasov, R. Sabouti, T. Yi, N.E. Reiner, Molecular cloning, biochemical and structural analysis of elongation factor-1 alpha from Leishmania donovani: comparison with the mammalian homologue, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 302 (2003) 646-652]. As a consequence of this deletion, an exposed region is available on the main body of leishmania EF-1alpha. Here we report the generation of an anti-EF-1alpha antibody (DN-3) which bound selectively to the exposed region of leishmania EF-1alpha, with no reactivity with human EF-1alpha. In a leishmania cell-free protein translation system, DN-3 substantially inhibited protein translation. A similar inhibitory effect was observed when a specific peptide based on the exposed region was used in the cell-free protein translation assay. The application of structure-based in silico methods to identify potential ligands to target the exposed region identified a small molecule that selectively attenuated in vitro translation using leishmania extracts. Moreover, this small molecule showed selective suppressive effect on multiplication of leishmania in culture. Taken together, these findings identify a novel, exposed region in leishmania EF-1alpha that may be involved in protein synthesis and a potential site for drug targeting.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract: The higher-molecular-weight elongation factor-1 (EF-1H) of the chick brain was observed to contain three subunits (denominated α, β, and γ), contrary to a previous report that the brain EF-1H consisted of aggregates of low-molecular-weight elongation factor- 1 (EF-1L). Crude EF-1H, obtained from 20-day embryonic brain, was treated with 0.4 M ammonium chloride and 0.1 mM GTP, and EF-1βγ, was obtained using a DEAE-Sephadex column equilibrated in 0.025 mM GTP. Both EF-1β, and EF-1γ, were isolated by means of a DE-52 column equilibrated in 6 M urea and were found to have molecular weights of 2.8 and 4.8 × 104, respectively. EF-1β and EF-1γ were also obtained from young rat and calf brains by the same procedures. The molecular weight of the isolated EF-1α was 5 × 104. It was found that EF-1β stimulated the two EF-1α-dependent reactions, i.e., phenylalanyl-tRNA binding (reaction 1) and polyphenylalanine synthesis (reaction 2), and also stimulated the nucleotide exchange reaction in the EF- 1α-guanine nucleotide binary complex (reaction 3). The degrees of stimulation of reactions 1, 2, and 3 by the addition of EF-1β were 2 to 3 times, about 18 times, and 2 to 3 times as much as with EF-1α alone, respectively. The amino acid compositions of EF-1α -1β, and -1γ and EF-2 were very similar to those of other eukaryotic tissues. Thus the constituents and properties of EFs of the brain were found to be basically similar to those of other tissues of eukaryotes, although EF-1β, and EF-1, had not been reported in the brain. A possible physiological significance of EF-1β during brain development is also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
    
A new plasmodiocarpic and sporocarpic species of myxomycete in the genus Physarum is described and illustrated. This new species appeared on decayed leaves and remains of succulent plants (Agave, Opuntia, Yucca) growing in arid zones. It differs from all other species in the genus in having polyhedral spores linked in chains like a string of beads, a unique feature within all known myxomycetes. Apart from detailed morphological data, partial sequences of both the small-subunit ribosomal RNA and elongation factor 1-alpha genes, generated from four isolates collected in two distant regions, i.e., Mexico and Canary Islands, are also provided in this study. Combined evidence supports the identity of the specimens under study as a new species.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
Abstract: The polypeptide elongation factors (EF-1L, EF-1H, and EF-2) of the developing chick brain were separated and purified by means of a combination of gel chromatographic methods. The molecular weight of EF-1H of the chick brain ranged from 5 to 10 × 105, and was different from that of the chick liver (about 7 × 105). The molecular weight of other purified factors was about 5 × 104 for EF-1L. and 9.4 × 104 for EF-2. High activities of polyphenylalanine (poly-Phe) synthesis per mg protein in the developing chick brain were observed between the 3rd embryonic week and the 1st post-hatch week and declined afterwards. On the other hand, the levels of both EF-1 and EF-2 per mg protein in the brain were observed to be high in an early embryonic stage, gradually declining afterwards to the adult level. The brain EF-1L was a major component of EF-1 in an early embryonic stage, while EF-1H became recognizable in the 3rd embryonic week. Moreover, the EF-1H activities were found to be more than double with regard to the binding reaction and to be more than 10-fold as active in respect to poly-Phe synthesis in comparison with the activities of EF-1L. It is proposed that the brain EF-1H could be due to aggregates consisting of EF-1L, a stimulatory factor, and other components.  相似文献   

19.
    
About 70 Streptomyces species, isolated from soils of greenhouses and citrus orchards were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium sambucinum, Phoma glomerata and Nattrassia mangiferae. Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity was determined by dual culture method. The soils of Kerman are rich sources of micro-organisms with potent biological activities, and screening programmes are to be conducted to reveal the presence of active Actinomycetes isolates against phytopathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

20.
Catalysis of sequential reactions is often envisaged to occur by channeling of substrate between enzyme active sites without release into bulk solvent. However, while there are compelling physiological rationales for direct substrate transfer, proper experimental support for the hypothesis is often lacking, particularly for metabolic pathways involving RNA. Here, we apply transient kinetics approaches developed to study channeling in bienzyme complexes to an archaeal protein synthesis pathway featuring the misaminoacylated tRNA intermediate Glu-tRNAGln. Experimental and computational elucidation of a kinetic and thermodynamic framework for two-step cognate Gln-tRNAGln synthesis demonstrates that the misacylating aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRSND) and the tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (GatDE) function sequentially without channeling. Instead, rapid processing of the misacylated tRNA intermediate by GatDE and preferential elongation factor binding to the cognate Gln-tRNAGln together permit accurate protein synthesis without formation of a binary protein-protein complex between GluRSND and GatDE. These findings establish an alternate paradigm for protein quality control via two-step pathways for cognate aminoacyl-tRNA formation.  相似文献   

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