南瓜籽和西瓜籽中的脂肪酸和油

近年来,人们逐步对食品加工中的副产品和废料利用重视起来,对目前尚未被利用起来的某些农副产品也产生了极大的兴趣。这显然是件好事,因为这样可以最大限度地利用现有的资源,可以为食品和饲料增加更多的品种,还可以减少食品工业对环境的污染,解决了废料的处理问题。     

有孔虫和放射虫的采集和保存

采集对于有孔虫的采集,可以借助于放大镜的帮助,直接从珊瑚藻等藻类上采集。也可将一个下面紧缚着一块细筛绢的筛,浸在海水里,里面放上几撮海藻并加以摇荡。这样,透过筛底的有孔虫就可以被下面的筛绢所收集。还可以把从海底捞上来的泥沙,倒入盛有海水的容器中,加以搅拌,活的有孔虫即可沉到水底。倒掉上部的水和微粒,即可收集。浮游的种类,可用拖网采集。     

糖类和蛋白质相互作用的应用和展望

既然糖和蛋白质相互作用与许多生理和病理过程有关,那么糖和蛋白质相互作用的研究也就有其广泛的应用价值。 (一)免疫毒素和“生物导弹”目前用于肿瘤治疗的免疫毒素被通俗地别称为“生物导弹”,很是引人注目。原因是免疫毒素以对肿瘤细胞表面特征抗原专一的单克隆抗体作为“导向”分子,使与之相连的作为“弹头”的毒素富集到肿瘤细胞内,从而既能提高疗效又能降低毒素对正常细胞的伤害。就“生物导弹”这一词而言,凡是能把某种分子或组份定向地送到特定的靶细胞或靶器官,     

单克隆抗体和功能细胞株的进展和应用

本书为专论单克隆抗体杂交瘤专著:这还是生物分析研究领域中开辟的新的领域。该书重点介绍了重组单克隆抗体和分子遗传分析技术,阐述了在分子水平上研究基因和基因产物的结构与功能的相互关系,并进一步介绍了单克隆抗体在医学领域中应用的潜力。本书可供遗传学、免疫学、生物工程学、医学、分子生物学等科研和教学人员参考。     

药理学科研和培养人才的经验和体会

吕富华教授自三十年代至今从事药理学教学和科研,工作五十年,积累了非常丰富的经验。他的与困难做斗争和严谨的治学精神,值得人们很好地学习。特约本文简略介绍他几十年来的研究成果,从中可以看出其严谨的理论概念和实验方法,以及培养干部和研究生的态度,给我们很多启发。     

观察导管和管胞的材料和方法

在实驗课中通常感到困难的是材料問題,其次是因受地区季节限制,往往在介紹的經驗中不适于其他地区。因之会严重的影响教学的进行,甚至会引起部分学生对課堂传授的知識发生怀疑。为了避免这种傾向;切合实际选择材料作好实驗,是非常重要的。茲将在做实驗中所获得的結果介紹如下: 一、观察导管的材料和方法课本上和在我們工作中对导管实驗,往往限于用     

当代磁性材料和磁学的研究和应用

本文论述了当代磁性材料和磁学的若干新的研究和应用 ,主要包含 :①高频磁性材料与磁谱学 ;②微波磁性材料与磁共振 ;③纳米磁性材料与介观磁学 ;④磁的普遍存在与交叉磁学     

当代磁性材料和磁学的研究和应用

本论述了当代磁性材料和磁学的若干新的研究和应用,主要包含：①高频磁性材料与磁谱学;②微波磁性材料与磁共振;③纳米磁性材料与介观磁学;④磁的普遍存在与交叉磁学。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.