在自由蒸发条件下测定DNA碱基对解链温度时溶液膨胀效应的校正

DNA中G-C含量已作为一项重要的分子生物学指标应用于微生物分类。在确定DNA中G-C克分子百分数含量时,用紫外分光光度法测定T_m值(解链温度)是应用较广的一种方法。周慧玲和徐浩提出的校正溶液蒸发     

五粮液老窖厌氧菌群的分布及其作用的研究

通过对四川宜宾五粮液酒厂百年以上窖池中六大厌氧菌群的数量分布、生态结构的研究,发现甲烷菌在老窑中具有一定数量。其中厌氧异养菌、己酸菌的数量分布是随窖龄而增加,厌氧异氧菌、甲烷菌、己酸菌的菌数又随窖池的上冲、下层的顺序而递增。在传统工艺的长期影响下,在老窖发酵方面形成了一个相对稳定的化学生态环境和固有的微生物区系生态结构,它是生产五粮液名酒的基础。本研究工作进一步揭示了窖泥甲烷菌和己酸菌相互关系的存在,对提高浓香型酒主体香己酸乙酯的含量,突出五粮液名酒的香型具有重要意义．     

用固定化细胞发酵生产己酸的研究

固定于海藻酸钙、琼脂、卡拉胶、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,魔芋葡苷露聚糖等几种载体上的己酸菌株(Doseridium sp．WI)批次发酵表明,海藻酸钙包埋己酸菌活性最高。在最适条件下,己酸产量最高可达15mg／ml,经18批次(200余天)的批式发酵,固定化己酸菌产己酸活性稳定性较好,4℃储存二月后的固定化细胞,其发酵产己酸活性与储前基本相同。短暂的与空气接触对固定化己酸菌的活性几乎没受影响。与游离已酸菌比较,固定化细胞的己酸生成速度加快,己酸产量明显提高,单位体积内的细胞数目可高出游离培养的近10倍。     

黑微5-3已酸菌种的分离和培养条件的探讨

黑微5-3己酸菌是从我省富裕老窖酒厂的廿多年窖泥中,分离到的一株高产菌株:最高产酸量为540毫克/100ml,活菌数5亿/ml以上,经20代连续培养没有发现菌种性能下降和退化现象,本文较详细的叙述了黑微5-3己酸菌的分离方法以及形态和培养特性,已酸菌在液态法白酒和优质酒(浓香型)的生产上,被广泛地应用,它对增加成品酒中的己酸乙酯的含量起着主导作用。     

用高压液相色谱法测定链霉菌细胞DNA G-C克分子百分比

在测定细胞DNA G-C克分子百分比的诸多方法中,以Ko等建立的高压液相色谱法较为先进,灵敏度更高,速度快,重复性好,计算方便。我们在研究链霉菌G-C克分子百分比测定方法时,对方法作了一些改良,现将结果     

双股寡聚d(G-C)6 DNA Z-构象的形成及其构象转换的动态研究

研究揭示,生物信息的形成,传递与DNA构象的多样性,特别是其中的左手螺旋Z-构象DNA（Z-DNA）相关.在机体DNA链中,普遍存在的特异序列结构d（C-G）n和d（G-C）n片段易形成Z-构象.但对d（G-C）n序列结构的寡聚体Oligo-d（G-C）n,（n小于8）能转换形成Z-DNA片段少见报道.为促进对Z-DNA尤其是其中的短片段Z-DNA与生物功能的相关性研究,我们对合成并纯化后的寡聚体Oligo-d（G-C）n,n分别为4,6,8,10, 及Oligo-d（C-G）6和多聚体poly-d（G-C）500-900进行Z-构象的形成和其构象转换的比较研究.研究结果发现：①d（GpCpGpCpGpCpGpCpGpCpGpC）是d（G-C）n序列结构中能转换形成Z-构象的最短片段（n＝6）.其转换成Z-构象能力有链长依赖性（poly d（G-C）500-900易于Oligo-d（G-C）6）;②Oligo-d（G-C）6的Z-构象形成能力因溶液中的介质性质不同而异.Co（NH3）3＋〉Mg2＋〉Na＋;C1O-4〉Cl-,因此要求盐溶液的浓度差异很大.③PH7.2,室温条件下,在MgCl2, NaClO4, NaCl溶液浓度分别由0 mol/L增至6.0 mol/L,Oligo-d（G-C）6的B、Z构象转换都出现：B-构象相对稳定期,B-、Z-构象转换跃迁期和Z-构象相对稳定期.每个阶段要求跨越的盐浓度变迁范围也因所用介质而异.当溶液中Oligo-d（G-C）6 B-构象、Z-构象各占50%（θ1/2）时,其盐浓度分别为1.72 mol/L（MgCl2）,2.88 mol/L（NaClO4）,3.85 mol/L（NaCl）.④Oligo-d（G-C）6的B-,Z-构象转换程度受盐浓度影响：当Oligo-d（G-C）6处于最适条件和不同盐溶液其浓度为θ（12）浓度时,温度由8 ℃→22 ℃,在MgCl2,NaClO4溶液中的Oligo-d（G-C）6形成Z-构象能力增加,当由22 ℃→60 ℃,MgCl2溶液中的Z-构象Oligo-d（G-C）6加速增加,而在NaClO4溶液中则是急速向B-型Oligo-d（G-C）6方向转换;温度变化对处于NaCl溶液中的Oligo-d（G-C）6B-、Z-构象相对平衡影响较小.⑤甲基化胞嘧啶即Oligo-d（G-mC）6或d（mC-G）6均增大Z-构象形成能力.⑥在4 mol/L MgCl2溶液中的Oligo-d（G-C）6或Oligo-d（C-G）6或poly d（G-C）500-900的UVab谱、UVcd谱均显示出非B-型或Z-型DNA的新谱型.并且有链长依赖性和因溶液浓度改变出现构象可逆性转变.提示在Oligo-d（G-C）6的构象转换过程中可能存在新构象＂X＂型,即BZX构象转换模式.     

丁醇对发酵生产3-羟基丁酸与3-羟基己酸共聚酯(PHBHHx)单体组成的影响

3羟基丁酸与3羟基己酸共聚酯(PHBHHx)是由微生物合成的完全可降解高分子材料,其材料性能与3羟基己酸(3HHx)在共聚物中的含量有关。嗜水性气单孢菌A.hydrophila4AK4合成的PHBHHx中,3HHx含量通常都在12～15mol%之间。通过在培养基中添加正丁醇,降低了PHBHHx中3HHx的含量。在摇瓶培养中获得了含3HHx为58mol%的PHBHHx;在6L发酵罐中54h的发酵培养,获得40gL的细胞干重(CDW),并将3HHx的含量在发酵过程中有效地降低到5～10mol%。     

代谢工程技术调控3-羟基丁酸与3-羟基己酸共聚酯PHBHHx的微生物合成

3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚酯(PHBHHx)是一种新型生物可降解材料,其性能与3-羟基己酸(3HHx)在共聚物中的摩尔百分含量密切相关。本研究在两株嗜水性气单孢菌Aeromonas hydrophila WQ和Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4中分别引入了编码酯酰辅酶A脱氢酶的yafH基因和编码合成3-羟基丁酸-CoA的phbA和phbB基因,将A.hydrophila WQ合成的PHBHHx中的3HHx的摩尔含量由3％—5％提高到20％以上;而A.hydrophila 4AK4合成的PHBHHx中的3HHx摩尔含量则由15％左右降低到3％-12％。成功地实现了对PHBHHx单体组成的调控。     

己酸菌的分离筛选及发酵条件的研究

己酸菌所生成的己酸是生产浓香型白酒主体香气己酸乙酯的主要成分,将其应用于白酒的生产,可提高白酒的香气和质量．从我省富裕酒厂的窖泥中分离到一株高产己酸的菌株,通过发酵条件的研究,该菌株己酸最高产量可达540mg／100ml。     

果蔬废弃物两相厌氧发酵产己酸的效能研究

利用厌氧菌群生物合成己酸被认为是一种非常有潜力的新型废弃物资源化技术,但是其合成效能的提高是目前亟待解决的关键问题。本研究以实际果蔬废弃物为原料,对两相厌氧发酵产己酸的效能进行了研究。首先优化接种比以提高酸化相的水解转化效率;在此基础上通过调控醇酸比和pH以强化产己酸相的发酵效能。结果显示,果蔬废弃物厌氧产酸的最佳接种比为2∶1,此时水解率和酸化率分别可达到98.1%和83.2%,乙酸和丁酸产量分别达到5.4 g/L和3.3 g/L。合理控制醇酸比和pH对提高产己酸相的发酵效能非常关键。当醇酸比和pH控制为4∶1和7.5时,己酸生成量可达14.9 g/L,约占液相总COD的80.84%;而低醇酸比和低pH易造成丁酸的累积,从而降低了己酸产量。己酸发酵过程属于非生长偶联型,己酸菌(Clostridium kluyveri)指数增长期伴随着丁酸的生成,而己酸合成主要发生在生长中后期。此外,己酸菌对于pH变化较为敏感,适当提高pH有助于减轻有机酸毒性,提高生物量;但是碱性环境会严重抑制己酸菌的生长繁殖。研究表明,通过分别对酸化相和产己酸相进行优化和调控,两相发酵策略更有利于提高己酸合成效能。     

凝胶过滤与镍柱亲和纯化金葡菌a-溶血素重组蛋白的生物学特性比较

以在宿主菌株BL21(DE3)中成功表达的重组金黄色葡萄球菌a-溶血素蛋白为研究对象, 分析比较通过凝胶过滤层析(Gel filtration chromatography)和镍柱亲和层析纯化试剂盒(Ni-NTA spin columns)纯化所得到的重组蛋白的蛋白含量和生物特性方面的差异。SDS-PAGE分析检测纯化产物, Bradford法测定蛋白含量, 兔红细胞测定半数溶血效价。结果显示这2种方法得到的纯化产物在53 kD处均呈现单一清晰带, 达电泳级纯度。与此同时, 凝胶过滤对目的蛋白的纯化率为14.04%, 蛋白含量为0.337 mg/mL, 溶血活性为1519 HU/mg; 镍柱亲和层析的纯化率为17.5%, 蛋白含量为0.35 mg/mL, 溶血活性为1463 HU/mg。由此可见, 凝胶过滤得到的纯化产物在蛋白含量和蛋白活性方面丝毫不亚于镍柱亲和层析纯化试剂盒。     

重组人核苷二磷酸激酶A的理化性质

对重组人核苷二磷酸激酶A（rhNDPK-A）进行纯化,并对重组产物的理化性质及在溶液中的聚合状态进行鉴定。NDPK-A工程菌发酵后的菌体高压匀浆,然后微孔过滤、超滤浓缩,所得样品经DEAE阴离子交换、Cibacron Blue亲和层析、分子筛层析三步纯化后,以SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC分析纯化产物的纯度,RP-HPLC测定酶活性。合格制品以基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱测定相对分子质量（MW）;Edman降解法测定N末端序列;多角度激光散射法测定重组产物在溶液中的表观分子量。结果表明,rhNDPK-A纯化产物的SDS-PAGE纯度为97.3%,RP-HPLC纯度为99.2%;比活性为（900±100）u/mg;单体相对分子质量为17017,与NDPKA分子量理论值相差132。测序结果表明,rhNDPK-A N末端缺失Met残基,其理论分子量为17017,与飞行质谱测定结果完全一致。表观分子量测定结果表明,rhNDPK-A在溶液中形成六聚体,表观分子量为102kD。上述结果说明, NDPK-A重组产物具与天然产物相同的自发形成六聚体性质,这为NDPK-A新药开发和机理研究打下了良好基础。     

Virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains with Brassica napus and Brassica juncea

Summary Brassica napus and Brassica juncea were infected with a number of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Tumourigenesis was very rapid and extremely efficient on B. juncea with all but one of the strains. Tumourigenesis on B. napus varied widely. It was very efficient with the nopaline strains, was reduced with the succinamopine strain A281 and was very weak with the octopine strains. The latter observation was confirmed with six different B. napus rapeseed cultivars. The selectivity was due to differences in the virulence of Ti plasmids with B. napus, rather than the tumourigenicity of the T-DNA or virulence of the chromosomal genes associated with the strains. An exception was strain LBA4404. The virulence of the octopine strains was increased by coinfection with more virulent disarmed strains and by induction with acetosyringone.     

The reactivation of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) inactivated by NADH and cyanide,using trivalent manganese either generated by illuminated chloroplasts or as manganipyrophosphate

Nitrate reductase of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves which had been inactivated in vitro by treatment with NADH and cyanide, was reactivated by incubation with oxidant systems and measured as FMNH₂-dependent activity. Reactivation was produced with trivalent manganese compounds represented either by manganipyrophosphate or produced by oxidation of Mn²⁺ ions in the presence of illuminated chloroplasts and compared with reactivation obtained with ferricyanide. Reactivation in the chloroplast system was equivalent to that with ferricyanide when orthophosphate was used but was variable and weak in the presence of pyrophosphate, although manganipyrophosphate was formed, freely. Reactivation by manganipyrophosphate in dark reaction conditions was less effective than with ferricyanide but was not inhibited by the addition of pyrophosphate. Reactivation with illuminated unheated chloroplasts was dependent on added manganese and oxidation of manganese in the presence of pyrophosphate was abolished by boiling the chloroplasts. In the presence of orthophosphate however, boiled, illuminated chloroplasts reactivated the enzyme in the absence of added manganese. Reactivation occurred spontaneously in air, more slowly than with the other oxidants, but to a similar extent to that produced by manganipyrophosphate. The results provide a possible model for physiological reactivation mechanisms.     

肝素钠树脂精制工艺的研究

利用 D2 5 4 树脂可以将原始粗品肝素钠的效价提高到 179.8U SP U/m g,进一步纯化可得 2 0 1.5U SP U/m g的精品 ,其 H2 O2 用量 ( 1.5% )和氧化时间 ( 2 4 h)均少于传统工艺 ,产品光吸收和收率 ( 85.8% )最优     

BrdU抗血清制备和应用的研究——Ⅰ.高度特异的BrdU抗血清的制备与特性

半抗原BrU通过与BSA偶联制备了完全抗原,经过光吸收、SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂糖凝胶电泳的测定表明,核苷-蛋白质复合物符合制备的要求,每个BSA上估计大约平均有10.3个BrU。用常规免疫的方法获得兔抗BrdU的抗血清,与BrU-EA的双向扩散效价高达32。抗血清稀释128万倍时仍可见明显的ELISA阳性反应。与以前所报道的BrdU抗血清不同,该抗血清具有高水平的识别能力,已达到BrdU单克隆抗体的识别水平,无须纯化即可用于染色体及核酸的研究。     

The synthesis and processing of β-glucuronidase in normal and egasyn deficient mouse kidney

The presence of a precursor form of β-glucuronidase, with a subunit molecular weight of 75,000 was demonstrated in mouse kidney. This was later processed to the mature form, with subunit molecular weight of 71,500. Tissue fractionation revealed that the precursor was associated with the microsomes whereas the mature form was associated with the lysosomes. In mice lacking egasyn both forms of β-glucuronidase were present, but the rate of processing was elevated compared to normal.     

Mask of wax: Secretions of wax conceal aphids from detection by spider's eyes

Abstract

We investigated how insects use wax as a defence against visual predators, using a New Zealand salticid species, Marpissa marina, as the predator and Eriosoma lanigerum, an aphid that covers itself with wax, as the prey. For live‐prey testing, the predator was presented with two aphids, one with its wax covering intact and one with its wax removed. The predator ate more of the waxless than wax‐covered aphids. The predators were presented with two lures at a time: (1) one that was fully covered with wax (hid the aphid's head) compared with one that was without wax (waxless) or (2) one that was fully covered with wax compared with one that was only partially covered with wax (the head of the prey exposed), or (3) one that was waxless compared with one that was partially covered with wax. The predators stalked waxless prey more often than they stalked prey that was fully or partially covered with wax. When wax only partially covered the prey (i.e., when the prey's head was left exposed), the predator more often stalked than when the insect was fully covered. These findings suggest that the aphid's wax covering functions in part to hide prey‐identification cues from vision‐guided predators.     

"妈咪爱"治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻的临床研究

目的 了解妈咪爱对轮状病毒肠炎（RV肠炎）的疗效及治疗前后肠道菌群变化。方法 随机取60例RV肠炎病例分析并分成2组：一组常规治疗,另一组在常规治疗基础上加妈咪爱治疗。除根据全国小儿腹泻会议评定标准,观察临床症状外,2组均在用药前,用药3、6d再进行正常菌群检测。结果 （1）VR肠炎可致肠道菌群失调;（2）妈咪爱治疗组疗效较常规治疗组疗效差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,同时4种正常菌群中的优势菌恢复较快,用药第6天肠道菌群基本恢复正常。结论 妈咪爱治疗RV肠炎有显著疗效,不仅临床症状恢复时间缩短,肠道菌群也很快恢复到平衡状态。     

TK1在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平及其与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:探讨肺癌患者血清胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶1(TK1)与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选择2012年1月-2014年1月在我院接受治疗的肺癌患者79例作为研究对象,另选择同期在我院接受健康体检的志愿者53例作为对照组。采用化学发光法检测两组研究对象血清中TK1的表达情况,并分析TK1表达与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:TK1在肺癌患者血清中的阳性表达率(56.96%)显著高于健康对照组(16.98%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤分期为晚期的患者血清中TK1的阳性表达率高于肿瘤分期为早期的肺癌患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);肿瘤远处转移的患者血清中TK1的阳性表达率高于未发生远处转移的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。TK1在性别、抽烟史、淋巴结转移及病理类型不同患者血清中的阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TK1阳性患者两年生存率(42.22%)低于TK1阴性患者(64.71%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肺癌患者血清中TK1呈高表达,其表达水平与肿瘤远处转移、TMN分期及预后有关。