长江三角洲DY03孔有孔虫群落演化及其古环境意义

文中对上海奉贤DY03孔222m长的沉积物柱状样样品进行有孔虫定量统计分析,结合颗石藻、孢粉等其它古生物学资料,重建了晚新生代长江三角洲南部沉积环境变化。钻孔孔深60m以上发现有孔虫产出,包括60—40m与24.6—2m两层位,尤以24.6—2m有孔虫丰度较高。孔深60m附近有孔虫丰富,底栖有孔虫主要属种为Ammonia beccarii vars.,Nonionella stella,Protelphidium tuberculatum,Elphidium advenum和Astrononion tasmanensis等,而58.8—49.2m则不含有孔虫;孔深48.8—40m,有孔虫丰度、分异度均从下而上降低,从以Ammonia beccarii vars.-Elphidium advenum组合为主,Ammonia compressiuscula,Florilus decorus,Pseudononionella variabilis及Nonionella stella等繁盛的面貌,变为仅含少量的Ammonia beccarii vars.和Elphidium limpidum等。有孔虫群落在60—40m层位呈现了其沉积环境由滨岸演变为浅海、又转变为滨岸的演化序列。另一有孔虫丰富层位(埋深为24.6—2m)中,有孔虫分布连续、丰度高、属种分异度高,其中下部21.4—8.8m含有大量的低盐种Pseudononionella variabilis,Stomoloculinasp.以及少量Heterolepaspp.和Lagena hispida;中部8.4—5.0m产出大量深水型分子Ammonia compressiuscula及代表高温、高盐环境的瓷质类型Quinqueloculina seminula,Triloculina rotunda和Spiroloculina laevigata;上部4.8—2m中深水类型缺失,从下至上显示了一个海水由浅到深再变浅、海水盐度由低到高再变低、海水温度由低到高再变低的海侵-海退过程,且本次海侵较上次海侵水深更深、范围更广。对比显示,DY03孔24.6—2m地层相当于中国东部广泛存在的第一海侵层(全新世),而60—40m地层则相当于第二海侵层(晚更新世),有孔虫等生物群落演化反映了该地区晚更新世以来的两次较大海水进退过程。     

宁波北仑全新世有孔虫群落变化及古环境意义*

通过对宁波北仑NBBL钻孔约6.5m长柱状样中的有孔虫进行分析及定量统计,结合AMS14 C测年结果,恢复了宁波北仑中晚全新世古环境变化历史。研究结果显示,该区在全新世经历了一个完整的海进-海退演变过程。早中全新世(~7 300Cal aBP以前),宁波北仑为陆地;自~7 300Cal aBP开始,海水开始影响北仑地区,该区域为滨岸沼泽相;~7 150—2 480Cal aBP演变为近岸浅海环境,此时段为海侵最盛期;~2 480Cal aBP以后,海水影响逐渐减弱;其后海水完全退出该地区,北仑地区变为陆地。     

渤海莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布特征及其环境意义

对渤海莱州湾海域240个站位表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫群落进行了分析,共鉴定常见的底栖有孔虫42种。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫主要以玻璃质壳为主(平均丰度达70.9%),瓷质壳含量次之,胶结壳含量最低;玻璃质壳占有孔虫全群的百分含量,随水深的增加而增加;从黄河口向外海方向,有孔虫分异度和丰度都逐渐增大。该海域底栖有孔虫平面分布的主要控制因素为盐度和底质沉积物类型,大体可分为两个组合分区,I区为Ammonia beccarii-Quinqueloculina spp.组合,代表盐度较低的近岸海陆过渡浅水环境;II区为Cribrononionsub-incertum-Protelphidium tuberculatum组合,代表盐度较高的远岸内陆架环境。     

广东江门西江全新世有孔虫群落及其古环境意义

本文通过对广东江门市蓬江区沉积物钻孔产出有孔虫的鉴定与定量统计分析,结合沉积物中双壳类壳体AMS~(14)C测年结果,揭示了该区晚更新世末期以来经历了陆相-海陆过渡相-陆相的沉积古环境演变过程。海陆过渡相地层中的有孔虫分异度极低、但丰度较高,以近岸浅水种Ammonia beccarii vars.和Elphidium magellanicum为优势种,反映三角洲平原环境受径流影响强烈。位于同一剖面的多个钻孔横向对比显示海水最远达到江门市蓬江区弓田村附近。最大海侵发生应晚于7540aBP(日历年)。     

晚更新世南海不同海区的浮游有孔虫群落特征差异及环境控制因素

本研究对晚更新世以来(～45万)南海西部浮游有孔虫进行定量统计分析,并与南海北部和南部该时期的浮游有孔虫组合进行比较。研究发现,南海浮游有孔虫组合在以Globigerinoides ruber和Globigerinoides sacculifer为代表的热带-亚热带组合面貌为特征的背景下,其不同海区的浮游有孔虫组合具有显著差别。在南海北部,浮游有孔虫冷水型分子丰富,具有较高含量的Globorotalia inflata,Globigerina bulloides和Neogloboquadrina dutertrei等;南海西部的暖水种、冷水种含量均居中,以Globigerinita glutinata和Neogloboquadrina pachyderma高含量为特征;而南海南部则完全以具有高含量的G.ruber,G.sacculifer和Globorotalia menardii等暖水种为特征。在冰期-间冰期旋回变化中,南海北部浮游有孔虫群落面貌变化较大,南部则相对变化较小、西部变化最小。在间冰期,南海西部N.dutertrei,G.inflata,G.bulloides,G.glutinata和N.pachyderma等属种含量升高,有孔虫群落显示出上升流区特色。南海不同海区有孔虫特征属种及组合的差异,反映出有孔虫对海洋环境差异响应的敏感性,同时对海区古海洋环境研究具有参考意义。     

香港底质沉积中的有孔虫埋葬群

本文通过对香港地区水底表层中有孔虫的分析,进行了有孔虫埋葬群组合特征分析,划分了4个有孔虫组合:Ammonia beccrii组合;Poroeponides cribrorepandus组合;Pseudorotalia schroeterians-Elphidium组合;Hanzawaia nipponica-Florilus japonicus组合。这些组合与四个地理小分区有密切的关系。文中还讨论了水流对港湾有孔虫埋葬群的影响;有孔虫壳体的来源及其沉积过程,对于河口相古地理与古环境的解释有一定的地质意义。     

苏北海岸带有孔虫Ammonia beccarii微环境分布的初步研究

本文通过对苏北海岸从北到南采样,统计有孔虫的个数,着重分析Ammonia beccarii(毕克卷转虫),并结合样品粒度分析、化学分析,试图寻找这单一属种的分布规律,发现．Ammonia beccarii的丰度、活体百分含量、优势度沿海岸线变化与有孔虫群的变化有较好的对应关系,但优势度在有孔虫群落中并不明显,基本在20％以下;Ammonia beccarii在分布上有如下特征：滩面上丰度与活体百分含量较大,在海滩、河口环境较小,在人工泻湖中极大;在南北方向上的分布变化没有显著规律;在沉积物中,一般在中值粒径较小(Mdφ≤0.8)或较大(Mdφ≥5．44)的沉积物中,Ammonia beccarii是不适宜生长的;另外,有机质含量可能是限制．Ammonia beccarii生长的一个条件。     

台湾海峡西北部平潭岛海域表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其环境控制因素

对台湾海峡西北部平潭岛海域337个站位表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫进行分析鉴定,结果表明底栖有孔虫丰度、分异度变化较大,所出现的属种类型以玻璃质壳体为主,其次为瓷质壳,胶结壳最少。底栖有孔虫分布受水深、盐度、底质类型、底流和沿岸上升流等因素共同影响。应用‘PAST’软件的因子分析结果表明,该海域底栖有孔虫可划分为四个组合:组合Ⅰ(Hanzawaia-Pseudorotalia-Bolivina)主要分布于水深大于20m的深水区,受水深和底流影响明显;组合Ⅱ(Ammonia beccarii-Elphidiumspp.)主要分布于近岸浅水环境;组合Ⅲ(Quinqueloculina-Ammonia annectens-Spiroloculina)主要分布于海湾内高盐度区,推测受到沿岸上升流影响;组合Ⅳ(Elphidium advenum-Ammonia annectens)分布于组合Ⅰ与组合Ⅲ之间的局部区域,可能受浙闽沿岸流影响较强。     

南黄海西部陆架氧同位素3期以来的古沉积环境演化

本文选用南黄海西部陆架SYS-0701孔33.30m岩心,通过有孔虫分析,结合粒度变化和过孔浅地震剖面解译,揭示了本区MIS3期以来的古环境演化。MIS3期早期为近岸浅海环境,沉积相为泥质(远端)三角洲前缘和前三角洲沉积,中晚期为滨岸环境,沉积相为砂质(近端)三角洲前缘沉积;MIS2期地层缺失;MIS1期底部为全新世早期海水入侵时留下的潮道充填沉积,中晚期为浅海环境,沉积相是近500年以来形成的老黄河三角洲的水下三角洲沉积。通过研究识别出了全新世小冰期(LIA)中的2个冷期和1个暖期对应沉积,其中孔深7.21—6.29m为LIA第1冷期(1450—1510AD)沉积,期间有孔虫丰度低,典型冷水种Buccella frigida和半咸水低温低盐种El-phidium magellanicum含量均较高;孔深6.29—4.30m为LIA第1暖期(1510—1560AD)沉积,有孔虫丰度大幅度增加呈峰值区,Buccella frigida含量降低,而温带广温种Ammonia maruhasii则有所增加;孔深4.30—1.43m为LIA第2冷期(1560—1690AD)沉积,丰度降低,但属种面貌未很好体现,需要做进一步的研究加以验证。     

江苏盐城上冈全瘭世颗石藻及其环境控制

盐城上冈地区全新世期间处于泥砂质潮滩环境。根据有孔虫组合分析,这套近岸潮滩沉积代表潮下带－湖间带－潮上带的一次大海退过程。本文分析了上冈村砖瓦厂采泥坑东侧SGE柱状剖面全新统的颗石藻化石,结果发现这套沉积物仅仅含Gephyrocapsa oceanica单一属种,而且丰度较低。但这个种在剖面上的丰度分布显示三分性：即自下至上为贫乏或缺失间隔、较常见间隔笔常见间隔,基本上对应于潮下带、潮间带和潮上带。一般情况下,潮坪区由海向陆水动力由强至弱,各相带的水动力条件不同,其沉积特征各异。颗石灌胳架十分细微,在海水中往往以悬乳形式搬运,并在水动力较弱时停积。所以,水动力是G.oceanica分布的直接控制因素。     

舟山港表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫组合特征初步研究

作者对舟山港区43个表层沉积物样品进行定量分析,共鉴定出底栖有孔虫33属60种。研究海域各站位均发现浮游有孔虫壳体,个体细小、属种单一,未发现活体个体。研究海域底栖有孔虫组合以玻璃质壳为主,平均含量86.71%,有孔虫丰度均值为1 676枚/50克,总体有孔虫组合为Ammonia beccarii vars.-A.maruhasii-Epistominella naraensis。研究发现,表层沉积物中大个体有孔虫(Ammonia beccarii vars.等)与小个体有孔虫(Epistominella naraensis)分布与潮流搬运呈密切相关关系,提示可能存在不同的搬运机制。与前人研究相比,研究海域有孔虫组合呈现以下变化:(1)胶结质壳有孔虫含量增加,个别站位出现15.89%的高值;(2)出现耐污染属种;(3)环境敏感属种畸形比例增加。研究表明,沉积搬运作用和环境参数变化是影响研究区有孔虫组合的重要因素,为有孔虫作为环境指标的进一步研究提供了基础数据。     

Foraminiferal response to Holocene environmental changes of a tidal estuary in Victoria, southeastern Australia

The Holocene strata in the Anderson Inlet area in Victoria can be stratigraphically divided into four units, Unit I, Unit II, Unit III, and Unit IV. Unit I and Unit IV lack fossils and were deposited in non-marine, probably fluvial environments. Unit II and Unit III contain abundant foraminifera with molluscs, ostracods and bryozoans. Foraminiferal analysis suggests that Unit III was formed in a partially sheltered marine environment, while the high plankton content and relatively high diversity of benthic species in Unit II indicate that this unit was deposited in an open bay at water depths possibly less than 5 m. The foraminiferal data are integrated with radiocarbon dates to arrive at the following Holocene palaeoenvironmental history in this area: (1) low alluvial plain stage (10,000–7000 yr B.P.); (2) open bay environment stage (7000–5500 yr B.P.); (3) partially sheltered marine environment stage (5500–4500 yr B.P.); (4) alluvial plain and coastal lagoon environment stage (since about 4500 yr B.P.). The foraminiferal fauna show a clear response to these palaeoenvironmental changes. Globigerina bulloides can be used as an indicator for cold water marine environments. The high concentration of this species in these middle Holocene sediments shows a strong cold water influence on the coastal environments which reduced the effect of regional warm currents during this period. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the area were controlled by the Holocene sea-level fluctuations associated with the deglaciation history during this period. Similar integrated studies of shallow to marginal marine strata in southern Africa, America and New Zealand will lead to a better understanding of Holocene relative sea-level change and the interplay between Holocene cold and warm water regimes in the Southern Hemisphere.     

Ecology of the Ogun River estuary,Nigeria

The distribution of benthonic communities (particularly Foraminifera) were studied from fourteen samples obtained from the Ogun River estuary and environs. Ten species of benthonic Foraminifera were identified; two of these constitute over 90% of the total foraminiferal population.Two broad biofacies are recognisable, namely the upper estuarine facies of Ammobaculites and the lower estuarine facies comprising arenaceous and calcereous forms with a preponderance of Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus).Large populations of few species occur in the lower estuary, an area of weakly saline water with marked salinity fluctuations. The upper estuary on the other hand is sparsely populated and contains tests mainly of arenaeous Foraminifera. A few species are distinctive of particular facies but some are distributed throughout the estuary. Substrate is not a causal ecological factor, because sediments are similar in physical attributes throughout the estuary. Salinity and rate of sedimentation are among the more important factors affecting the distribution of all species. The low-energy nature of the environment is established by the abundance of faecal pellets and the fragility of the tests of the arenaceous Foraminifera.     

Paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation: Evidence from the sedimentation rate and planktonic foraminiferal record

Well-dated, high-resolution records of planktonic foraminifera and oxygen isotopes from two sediment cores, A7 and E017, in the middle Okinawa Trough reveal strong and rapid millennial-scale climate changes since ∼ 18 to 17 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.). Sedimentation rate shows a sudden drop at ∼ 11.2 cal. kyr B.P. due to a rapid rise of sea level after the Younger Dryas (YD) and consequently submergence of the large continental shelf on the East China Sea (ECS) and the retreat of the estuary providing sediment to the basin. During the last deglaciation, the relative abundance of warm and cold species of planktonic foraminifera fluctuates strongly, consistent with the timing of sea surface temperature (SST) variations determined from Mg/Ca measurements of planktonic foraminifera from one of the two cores. These fluctuations are coeval with climate variation recorded in the Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediments, namely Heinrich event 1 (H1), Bølling–Allerød (B/A) and YD events. At about 9.4 kyr B.P., a sudden change in the relative abundance of shallow to deep planktonic species probably indicates a sudden strengthening of the Kuroshio Current in the Okinawa Trough, which was synchronous with a rapid sea-level rise at 9.5–9.2 kyr B.P. in the ECS, Yellow Sea (YS) and South China Sea (SCS). The abundance of planktonic foraminiferal species, together with Mg/Ca based SST, exhibits millennial-scale oscillations during the Holocene, with 7 cold events (at about 1.7, 2.3–4.6, 6.2, 7.3, 8.2, 9.6, 10.6 cal. kyr BP) superimposed on a Holocene warming trend. This Holocene trend, together with centennial-scale SST variations superimposed on the last deglacial trend, suggests that both high and low latitude influences affected the climatology of the Okinawa Trough.     

The Late Glacial–Holocene record from Central Adriatic Sea: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages

New micropaleontological data coming from three cores collected on the meso-Adriatic continental shelf (Vasto area) are studied. Comparisons to foraminiferal assemblages and radiocarbon dates previously collected from cores in the San Benedetto del Tronto and Tremiti areas allow the correlation of patterns observed in shallow water areas with those in deeper parts of the basin. We focused on the response of benthic foraminifera during the Holocene high-stand, corresponding to the installation of the recent sedimentary and trophic system. An influence of anthropogenic impacts cannot be ruled out; its effects consist of a depletion of oxygen level with a consequent modification of the structure of benthic foraminiferal assemblages. During the glacial/post glacial cycle, three phases, characterized by a total of six foraminiferal biofacies including different species assemblages were recognized. The first phase, from 14 kyr BP to 11 kyr BP, corresponds to the Bölling/Alleröd and Younger Dryas cold event, before the Holocene sea-level rise. During this phase, the continental shelf was characterized by an infralittoral environment with productive waters owing to the proximity of the Po river delta at the edge of the Mid-Adriatic Deep. The second phase, from 11 kyr BP to 4 kyr BP, represents the Holocene sea-level rise and is characterized by a condensed sedimentation spread over the entire basin. The third phase corresponds to the Holocene high-stand, during which time the modern current system became established. During this phase, the eastern portion of the shelf underwent to the central part of the mud-belt, corresponding to the sub-recent conditions. Recent eutrophication resulting from human activities over the last few centuries is evidenced by frequency fluctuations of typically opportunistic taxa such as Nonionella turgida and Epistominella vitrea.     

Breaching biogeographic barriers: the invasion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haynesina germanica</Emphasis> (Foraminifera,Protista) in the Bahía Blanca estuary,Argentina

Large populations of the living benthic foraminifera Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg 1840) are reported for the first time from marsh and intertidal mud flat sediments of the Bahía Blanca estuary (Argentina). Maximum abundance of living specimens was recorded in shallow intertidal environments. The species was previously recorded from many European and North American shallow-water coastal settings, but has not been documented from Argentina. Comparative faunal assemblage analysis from dated core sample material from within the Bahía Blanca estuary shows that the species has not been present for at least the last 8,200 years. This supports the hypothesis that the species has been accidentally introduced outside its natural range as a probable result of ballast water and/or shipping activities. This study is the first report of a successful invasion of non-indigenous benthic foraminifera to the South Atlantic coast of Argentina. The introduction of nonnative foraminiferal species provides new evidence that human-mediated breaching of biogeographic barriers, will ultimately result in the biotic homogenization of foraminiferal intertidal faunal assemblages.     

奥茅卷转虫Ammonia aomoriensis(Asano,1951)与毕克卷转虫Ammonia beccarii(Linnaeus,1758)(有孔虫)的分类学以及在黄东海分布的温盐深特征比较研究

Ammonia aomoriensis(Asano,1951)和Ammonia beccarii(Linnaeus,1758)是两个形态学易混淆,但被广泛使用并具有重要环境指示意义的有孔虫。通过对渤海、黄海和东海陆架区60个站位表层沉积物的水平分布调查,并连续17个月对潮间带分低潮区和高潮区进行了季节调查,对二者的形态分类、生态分布和环境关系进行比较研究。结果表明A.aomoriensis和A.beccarii在潮间带的丰度都有季节性变化,体现冬高夏低的特点,前者一般在高潮区较多,后者在低潮区较多。二者的丰度从潮间带到陆架区随着水深的增加呈阶梯式锐减:平均含量分别达22%和39%;在水深<20m的陆架区平均含量分别降至15%和6%;在水深>20m的陆架区平均含量分别再次降至0.6%和1.4%。统计分析表明二者对盐度和水深的响应相似,但对温度的反应存在差异:在潮间带环境,二者的丰度都与盐度显著正相关;在浅海陆架环境,二者的丰度都与水深呈显著负相关;无论在潮间带还是陆架海区,A.beccarii的丰度都与海水温度呈显著负相关,但A.aomoriensis与温度相关性不显著。本研究结果显示A.aomoriensis和A.beccarii对滨岸浅海都具有优越的指示作用,在古环境分析中,首先可根据二者的含量进行环境推测(潮间带或者陆架浅海),再利用不同环境下本文所建立的线性方程对海水温、盐、深进行大体的估算。     

崇明东滩DT孔有孔虫组合特征及其环境意义

通过对崇明东滩DT孔的微体古生物学研究,结合沉积物粒度特征、环境磁学特征及14C测年分析,详细阐述了崇明东滩13.0kaBP年来的有孔虫组合特征。自下而上将该孔有孔虫划分出5个组合带,探讨了DT孔5个有孔虫组合带潮流作用变化特点,自组合带1(13.0—8.0kaBP)至组合带4(1.0—0.36kaBP)潮流作用依次增强;组合带4(1.0—0.36kaBP)至组合带5(0.36—0kaBP)潮流作用呈减弱趋势变化;沉积速率自组合带1(13.0—8.0kaBP)至组合带5(0.36—0kaBP)变化特点为较低→高→较高→低→较低;自13.0kaBP年来,按浅海→浅海-河口湾→三角洲前缘-前三角洲→河口沙坝→潮汐水道-潮滩的规律演变。     

Development of modern benthic ecosystems in eutrophic coastal oceans: The foraminiferal record over the last 200 years,Osaka Bay,Japan

The ecosystem dynamics of a modern benthic community in Osaka Bay was studied by analyzing sediment cores and fossil foraminifera deposited during the past 200 years. The results suggest that the high-density/low-diversity assemblage has appeared in the early 1900s, coinciding with the eutrophication of the bay resulting from the Japanese industrial revolution. This assemblage proliferated during the period 1960 to 1970 when the eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia were most pronounced. The development of the assemblage has been characterized by an increase in the relative and absolute abundance of eutrophication-tolerant species (Ammonia beccarii, Eggerella advena, and Trochammina hadai) and a decrease in many other foraminiferal species, such as Ammonia tepida, Elphidium, Miliolinella subrotunda, and Valvulineria hamanakoensis, that are unable to tolerate low-oxygen conditions. Approximately thirty years after the imposition of discharge restrictions in the 1970s, this assemblage continues to predominate in the inner part of the bay, and E. advena is currently found across the entire bay. These records make a significant contribution to understanding the long-term relationship between anthropogenic impact and ecosystem change.