中国人肤纹研究 Ⅱ.1,040例总指纹嵴数和a—b纹嵴数正常值的测定

本文报道1,040例中国汉族学生的总指纹嵴数和a—b纹嵴数正常值。在分析总指纹嵴数时,按性别、手别和指别进行比较,结果表明:总指纹嵴数在男性为148.80±42.53,女性为138.46±41.59,平均143.63±42.36,两性别间有显著差别(P<0.001)。斗型纹FRC值的计数侧别,与此斗的偏向密切相关(P<0.001)。a—b纹嵴数在男性为38.05±4.63,女性为38.05±4.54,平均38.05±4.58,两性间无显著差别(P>0.1)。     

浙江地区汉族三百例手纹的分析研究

本文报道汉族正常的手纹图型。指纹的斗型、尺箕、桡箕及弓型的频率分别为51.67％、43.4％、2.83％及2.1％。t％及atd角的均值分别为17.7％及40.28°。手掌有二个掌轴三叉的占3％。ab纹嵴数均值39.03,男比女高(p<0.01)。ab间的距离为2.21cm。无a、b三叉缺失,c、d三叉缺失者10.3％。指间三叉占6.33％。A线止于鱼际的占9.33％,证明了右手掌纹比左手横向水平。鱼际区(T/I_1)及小鱼际区的真实花纹出现率分别为11.3％及20.5％。双手I_2、I_3、I_4区的花纹各为1％、4.67％及57％。正常型掌褶占88.2％。     

鄂温克族与鄂伦春族的群体遗传学研究(续)

本次调查采印了645名鄂温克族和424名鄂伦春族中、小学生和部分牧民、猎民的指纹和掌纹。观察了各型指纹出现率、指纹总嵴数、atd角和掌褶纹等指标。 1.各型指纹出现率 弓(A)、尺侧箕(L~u)、桡侧箕(L~r)和斗(W)的出现频率见表11。额左旗和陈旗鄂温克人中斗多于箕,与汉族相似。有些指纹型在某个手指上较为多见,在汉族中斗在环指     

147对孪生子皮纹学分析

调查了宁波市区及镇海县城关汉族中、小学生(7—17岁)中147对孪生子的指、掌纹。分析项目包括指纹图形、指纹嵴线总数(TFRC,双手10个指的指纹嵴线数总和)、嵴线总数差(各对孪生子内TFRC之差数)、同名指纹型差(各对孪生子内同名指指纹图形相异指数)及斗型纹差(各对孪生子内同名指斗型纹与其他纹     

8对人类遗传性状的调查和指纹分析——以信阳农林学院为例

通过对260名(男113人,女147人)信阳农林学院大二学生的眼脸、卷舌、耳垂、美人尖、拇指弯曲、食指长度等8对遗传性状进行调查,结果发现眼睑、耳垂、美人尖、拇指弯曲、食指长度和酒窝6对人类遗传性状隐性基因频率较显性基因频率高,卷舌和双手嵌合的2对遗传性状的显性基因频率较隐性基因频率高。调查群体中女生与男生在眼脸、耳垂、卷舌、美人尖、拇指弯曲、食指长度、和酒窝7对遗传性状中显性和隐性性状出现率之比与女生和男生总人数之比1∶1.3相近。260人中随机抽样调查38人的指纹类型情况结果显示:弓、箕、斗3种指纹出现的比例分别为12.63%,48.68%,38.68%,斗型纹指纹类型人数较多。人均总指嵴数为144.77,男生总指嵴数平均值约为142.59,女生总指嵴数平均值约为146.95。     

裕固族皮纹学初步研究

本文研究了甘肃裕固族青少年儿童346人的皮纹学特征,报道了斗、箕、弓各型指纹的频率,指纹指数,总指嵴数,a-b嵴数,通关手出现率,掌纹真实花样等8项皮纹学参数和主线止区的分布比例。并作了性别、手别、族别及人种间的比较。结果表明,裕固族既具有蒙古人种的皮纹特征,也有一些白种人的皮纹特点,这可能暗示着裕固族有白种人的血统。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病和透析患者的肠道内环境与生化指标的比较研究

对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病及透析患者的肠道内环境和血液指标进行了比较观察.肠内细菌群的检测采用光冈复合式法;氨和硫化物的测定,采用Terada的方法;吲哚及臭素等的测定方法采用同吉原方法.临床主要生化指标观察方法,采用美国康宁644电解质分析仪和美国RA-1000全自动生化分析仪.随机选取住院的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病以及透析患者各10名对肠道内环境以及血离子、肾功能进行检测分析.结果表明:(1)肠内细菌群变化:Ⅰ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.73±0.44(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.84±0.75)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.14±0.37.Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.88±0.34(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(2.40±3.18)‰.腐败菌数亦为7.99±1.15.透析患者,双歧杆菌数为7.76±0.42(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.78±0.92)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.33±0.50.并检测到绿脓杆菌,其检出率为40%.(2)腐败物质的变化:Ⅰ型糖尿病患者粪便中氨为823±67.2(μg/g);硫化物为50.7±16.0;粪便中苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的变化,吲哚、粪臭素分别为57.1±12.1、53.5±11.2(μg/g).Ⅱ糖尿病患者粪便中氨为759.9±62.9(μg/g);硫化物为30±8.3.吲哚、粪臭素分别为40.1±9.9、36.5±9.1(μg/g).透析患者粪便中的氨为1 006.6±164.9(μg/g);硫化物为80±9.9.吲哚、粪臭素分别为78.7±9.7、77.9±10.1(μg/g).(3)血清无机离子的检测结果:Ⅱ型糖尿病人的肾功、尿素、肌酐,尿素、肌酐、尿酸结果在正常范围内,肾脏无实质性损伤,但结果为正常值的上限,尿素:5.24±2.11(mmol/L),肌酐:93.8±6.15(μmol/L),尿酸:0.27±0.04(mmol/L),有肾损伤的可能.Ⅰ型糖尿病人的肾脏已有轻度的实质性损害,尿素:7.75±2.29(mmol/L),肌酐:120.1±62.91(μmol/L),尿酸:0.29±0.04(mmol/L).透析病人的肾脏已严重实质性损伤,尿素:44.2±10.50(mmol/L),肌酐:702.32±164.98(μmol/L),尿酸:0.43±0.13(mmol/L).     

冠心病患者数量皮纹学特征波动性不对称的研究

本文研究了宁夏汉族男性256例(正常: 128例; 冠心病患者: 128例) 双手数量皮纹学特征及其波动性不对称, 比较了其均值的差异性。结果表明: 1)冠心病患者组与正常对照组相比较, 指纹嵴线数、指纹总嵴线数及a-b嵴线数均值均低于正常对照组; 2)冠心病患者组双手atd角及a-b间距均值均高于对照组, 双手atd角表现为显著增高(P<0.05), 右手a-b嵴线数均值表现为患者组低于对照组, 有显著性差异(P<0.01); 3)冠心病患者组数量皮纹性状波动性不对称水平与对照组在FAⅡ(a-b嵴线数, P<0.01)及FAⅤ(atd角, P<0.05)两项上表现出显著增高; 冠心病患者组a-b嵴线数FA分布在|R-L|≥7组显著增高(P<0.05)。     

川南地区毛竹和林下植被芒箕细根分解特征

揭示竹林与其林下植被细根单独和混合分解特征,探讨竹林细根与其林下植被细根之间相互影响的潜在机制,为毛竹林林下植被的合理经营管理提供理论参考。采用原位分解袋法研究了四川长宁毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)与林下植被芒箕(Dicranopteris pedata)细根分解和养分释放过程,试验周期为1年。结果表明(1)毛竹和芒箕细根初始化学组分有着明显差异,碳(C)含量、碳氮比(C/N)和碳磷比(C/P)毛竹显著高于芒箕(P0.05),而氮(N)含量、磷(P)含量和氮磷比(N/P)均芒箕高于毛竹(P0.05)。(2)毛竹和芒箕细根分解系数(k)分别为0.66±0.04和0.42±0.41,毛竹细根分解速率显著高于芒箕;土壤温度与分解速率呈显著正相关,是影响细根分解速率的关键环境因子。(3)毛竹和芒箕细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)养分释放均表现为净释放,毛竹细根碳(C)释放速率高于芒箕,但细根氮(N)和磷(P)释放率均低于芒箕。(4)混合分解的实测值和期望值对比结果表明毛竹和芒箕细根混合对分解速率和磷(P)元素的释放没有显著影响,但显著促进了碳(C)元素的释放,抑制了分解初期氮(N)元素的释放。毛竹与林下植被芒箕单独细根分解和养分释放特征均表现不同;细根混合分解速率无显著混合效应,但养分释放的混合效应表现出不同阶段性和不同方向(正或负),说明林下植被通过影响细根养分释放而影响竹林生态系统的养分循环。     

服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂对Ⅰ型糖尿病患者、Ⅱ型糖尿病患者以及透析患者肠内细菌群以及生化指标影响的研究

随机抽取Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型糖尿病以及透析患者各10例进行CH-1双歧杆菌制剂服用试验.并对前述患者服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂的肠内细菌群和肠内腐败物质以及生化指标进行检测分析.Ⅰ型糖尿病患者服用期间,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由(0.84±0.75)‰升高到服用14 d后的(7.25±7.49)‰,差异有显著性.腐败菌数亦显著下降,卵磷脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由8.14±0.37下降到服用14 d后的6.09±0.49(差异有十分显著性).Ⅱ型糖尿病患者服用期间,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由(2.40±3.18)‰升高到服用14 d后的(5.56±7.48)‰,差异有显著性.腐败菌数亦显著下降,卵膦脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由7.99±1.15下降到服用14 d后的5.93±0.17(差异有十分显著性).透析患者患者服用期间,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由(0.678±0.92)‰升高到服用14 d后的(7.08±6.95)‰,差异有显著性.腐败菌数亦显著下降,卵膦脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由8.33±0.50下降到服用14 d后的5.96±0.44(差异有十分显著性).服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂后粪便中腐败物质含量的变化,Ⅰ型糖尿病患者服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂后,氨由823±76.2(μg/g)下降到服用14 d后的471±73.0,差异有十分显著性;硫化物由50.7±16.0下降到服用14 d后的28.0±9.1,差异有十分显著性.服用14 d后,苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的量与服用前相比显著降低;特别是吲哚、粪臭素减少最为明显,由57.1±12.1(μg/g)、53.5±11.2下降到服用14 d后的28.6±8.5、31.4±9.0,差异有十分显著性.Ⅱ糖尿病患者服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂后,氨由759.9±62.9(μg/g)下降到服用14 d后的534.8±109.1,差异有十分显著性;硫化物由30±8.3下降到服用14 d后的21.1±6.2,差异有十分显著性.服用14 d后,苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的量与服用前相比显著降低;特别是吲哚、粪臭素减少最为明显,由40.1±9.9(μg/g)、36.5±9.1下降到服用14 d后的27.2±5.6、22.2±6.1,差异有十分显著性.透析患者服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂后,氨由1 006.6±164.9(μg/g)下降到服用14 d后的530.5±85.1,差异有十分显著性.服用14 d后,苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的量与服用前相比显著降低;特别是吲哚、粪臭素减少最为明显,由78.7±9.7(μg/g)、77.9±10.1下降到服用14 d后的39.6±5.4、39.56.2,差异有十分显著性.生化指标变化,在服用双歧杆菌后30例病人的肾功检测,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病人尿素和肌酐及尿酸结果呈下降趋势,但不明显,而透析病人的尿素及肌酐呈明显的下降,虽然停服后略有上升但仍好于服用前.     

Digital dermatoglyphic patterns in a sample of the Nigerian population

Eight hundred Nigerians (400 males and 400 females) were screened for the analysis of digital dermatoglyphic patterns. The frequency distribution of the patterns are 52.09%, 27.67%, 19.20% and 1.13% for ulnar loops, whorls, arches and radial loops respectively. Except for arches, the males have more of the patterns than females. The pattern intensity indices for males and females are 11.2 and 9.9 respectively. Bilateral symmetry is similar in both sexes and the percent distribution is as high as 81.5% and 84% on digit V in males and females respectively.     

Dermatoglyphic studies of myocardial infarction patients

Dermatoglyphic traits were studied in a sample of 834 subjects selected from a cohort of some 8,000 living Japanese men, under a long-term study of heart disease in Hawaii. All of them were born between 1900 and 1919. Among them, 100 subjects had had positive diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The present study included comparisons between the MI patients and the remaining group of all digital dermal pattern types and ridge counts by digit, by hand, and by individual. The MI patients had significantly higher frequency of true whorls, double loops and less ulnar loops and tented arches. Total and absolute ridge counts were significantly higher (less than 0.05) in all digits in favor of the MI patients. Similar trends were observed in analyses by digit and by hand. These observations suggest an antenatal origin of certain types of coronary disease.     

Digital dermatoglyphics of 107 Bengalis.

I analyzed the finger prints of 59 male and 48 female unrelated Bengalis in a rehabilitation camp of Dacca, Bangladesh. The most common pattern type in the Bengalis was the ulnar loop (53%), then whorls (40%); arches (5%) and radial loops (2%) were the least common. Radial loops occurred most frequently on the index fingers. I have shown the arch/whorl, whorl/loop, and pattern intensity indices, and I have presented ridge counts by individual digits and by total digital ridge count. Digital dermatoglyphics in the male Bangladeshis were similar to previous findings in male Brahmins of Bengal. However, there were more whorls and arches, fewer loops, and a higher mean total digital ridge count in the female Bangladeshis than in female Brahmins.     

Furrows and dermal ridges of the hand in patients with alcohol embryopathy

Summary Palmar creases and dermal ridge patterns of 34 patients with alcohol embryopathy are compared with 470 healthy individuals. In alcohol embryopathy several typical deviations were noted. Palmar Creases. The interdigital part of the distal palmar crease is generally sharply bent, the proximal transverse crease is hypoplastic or missing, the thenar crease is commonly well marked. Simian creases and bridged palmar creases are more common in patients with alcohol embryopathy than in healthy individuals. Ridge Patterns of the Palm. The main line D coming from triradius d in patients with alcohol embryopathy mostly shows a low type of ending in the fourth interdigital area; in this area loops are twice as common as in healthy individuals. Patterns of the Fingertips. No deviations were noted in the distribution of whorls and loops, but virtually no arches were observed in patients with alcohol embryopathy. These anomalies suggest embryonic damage in the twelvth week of gestation.     

Dermatoglyphics in turner syndrome

Finger and Palmar dermatoglyphics in 25 karyotypically proven cases of Turner syndrome representing Northwestern region of India are presented and compared with those obtained on their 102 normal female counterparts. Predominance of ulnar loops over other patterns was recorded in turner patients. Mean total finger ridge count in Turner syndrome (147.4) remained higher than the normal females (121.1). c-d interdigital ridge count in turners remained significantly (p≤0.05) higher than their normal female counter-parts. In contrast to their western counterparts distal placement of axial triradius in both the palms of none of the Turner syndrome patients representing the current series was recorded. Occurrence of whorls and arches in hypothenar region of 12% and 4% was respectively noticed in right palm of patients. The use of distinctive dermatoglyphic features recorded amongst Turner syndrome patients representing this study may be made to corroborate diagnosis of this entity in settings where facilities to carry out karyotyping do not exist.     

The inheritance of fingerprint patterns.

Analysis of the fingerprints of 571 members of the Habbanite isolate suggest inherited patterns and pattern sequences. A genetic theory has been developed; it assumes that the basic fingerprint pattern sequence is all ulnar loops and that a variety of genes cause deviations from this pattern sequence. Genes that have been proposed include: (1) a semidominant gene for whorls on the thumbs (one homozygote has whorls on both thumbs, the other has ulnar loops on both thumbs and the heterozygote usually has two ulnar loops or one ulnar loop and one whorl); (2) a semidominant gene for whorls on the ring fingers which acts like the gene for whorls on the thumbs; (3) a dominant gene for arches on the thumbs and often on other fingers; (4) one or more dominant genes for arches on the fingers; (5) a dominant gene for whorls on all fingers except for an ulnar loop on the middle finger; (6) a dominant gene for radial loops on the index fingers, frequently associated with an arch on the middle fingers; and (7) a recessive gene for radial loops on the ring and little fingers. These genes may act independently or may show epistasis.     

Finger dermatoglyphics of the Rarhi Brahmins of Bengal

The finger prints of 138 individuals belonging to the sub-caste Rarhi Brahmin have been analyzed. In males whorls are more frequent in the right hand than the left, while it is just the reverse in case of loops and arches. Females, however, show higher frequency of loops and lesser frequency of whorls in the right hand than the left, while the arches are more frequent on the left hand of females than the right. Arches are found to be more frequent on the thumb in males, while among females it is found mostly in the second finger. The bimanual difference is statistically significant in both sexes. Right hands are found to be more monomorphic than left hands. Monomorphic hands are less frequent among females than males. In the digitwise occurrence of symmetrical combinations of different patterns, the trend is III>IV>V>I>II in males, and V>IV>III>I>II in females. Males show higher ridge counts in all fingers than do females. Ridge counts are usually found to be higher in the right hand than the left. The sex difference for mean total ridge counts is significant (t = 1.99, 0.05>P > 0.02, d.f. = 136). The bimanual difference is statistically significant for thumbs in both sexes, while the difference for the other digits is not significant.     

The hypothenar radial arch,a genetically determined epidermal ridge configuration

A radial arch in the hypothenar area of the human palm is an uncommon ridge arrangement. It is associated with an ulnar triradius and no axial triradius is present. The configuration generally occurs on right hands but is sometimes found on both hands. The frequency in the few European populations studied and in one Canadian sample varies from 0.2% to over 2% of persons. Hypothenar radial arches have also been reported in patients with abnormal sex chromosomes but are not specific to any karyotype. Two families are described in which nearly related persons have hypothenar radial arches. They provide the first evidence that the pattern is inherited. In one family three out of six sibs have radial arches in the hypothenar area and so have two out of three children of one of them. In the other family a pair of identical twins and their mother have hypothenar radial arches. It is suggested that, from the information available, inheritance is probably due to a recessive gene.     

Dermatoglyphic traits in patients with cardiovascular disorders

Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out on 800 Japanese subjects. Digital dermal pattern types were classified into true whorls, double loops, ulnar loops, radial loops and arches. Both total and absolute ridge count were recorded. Subjects with hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were compared with the remaining group of others who had not yet developed any of these disorders. Individuals with myocardial infarction had a significantly higher frequency of true whorls and a correspondingly lower frequency of ulnar loops than the control group. Total and absolute ridge counts were also significantly higher in myocardial infarction. Individuals with hypertension and angina pectoris were not significantly different in most dermatoglyphic traits from the controls. These observations suggest that antenatal factors may contribute to the etiology of myocardial infarction in man.     

Effect of prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs on dermal ridge patterns of fingers

BACKGROUND: An altered frequency of specific dermal ridge patterns on fingertips, such as an increased number of arches, has been observed in children exposed in utero to anticonvulsants and other teratogens. Asymmetry of the distribution of dermal ridge patterns has been attributed to environmental exposures and genetic factors. METHODS: We evaluated all of the dermal ridge patterns of 66 children who had been exposed to either the anticonvulsant phenytoin alone or phenytoin and phenobarbital. We determined the frequency of each pattern, concordance between the fingers on the left and right hands, sex differences and total ridge counts in the drug-exposed children and compared them to the findings in 716 unexposed comparison children. The frequency of each pattern was established in comparison to the most common type of pattern (ulnar loop), which showed that there were alterations in the frequency of arches, radial loops and whorls on specific fingers. RESULTS: Eight (12.1%) of 66 children had three or more arch patterns, with all but one having been exposed to phenytoin and phenobarbital. Only one of these eight children was considered by the masked examiner to have fingernail hypoplasia. There was no evidence of asymmetry in the anticonvulsant-exposed children. There were minor differences in the distribution of total ridge count. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle differences in several dermal ridge patterns, not just arch patterns, were present in anticonvulsant-exposed children, primarily in those exposed to polytherapy: phenytoin and phenobarbital.