金百合的离体快速繁殖

1　植物名称　金百合 (Ｌｉｌｉｕｍｔｒｏｍｐｅｔｅｎ)。2　材料类别　带腋芽的幼嫩茎段。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。 (1 )芽诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .6～ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .3～ 0 .4;(2 )增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5～ 1 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1～ 0 .2 ;(3)生根培养基 :ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .3～ 0 .5。培养基含蔗糖 30ｇ·Ｌ-1、琼脂 9ｇ·Ｌ-1,ｐＨ 5 .8。培养温度2 2～ 2 5℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0ｌｘ ,光照时间 1 2ｈ·ｄ-1。4　生长与分化情况4.1　愈伤组织及芽的诱导　取金百合花序下端幼嫩的带腋芽茎段 ,…     

蒟蒻薯的组织培养及植株再生

1　植物名称　薯 (Ｔａｃｃａｃｈａｎｔｒｉｅｒｉ) ,又名箭根薯、老虎须、黑蝴蝶等。2　材料类别　种子或茎尖。3　培养条件　种子萌发培养基 :( 1 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ;( 2 )ＭＳ。芽诱导及增殖培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 3.0～5 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＮＡＡ 0 .3～ 0 .0 5 ;( 4 )ＭＳ+ 6 ＢＡ 2 .0～ 1 .0 +ＫＴ 2 .0～ 1 .0 +ＮＡＡ 0 .0 5。生根培养基 :( 5 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 +ＩＢＡ 0 .3;( 6)1 /2ＭＳ +ＩＢＡ 0 .5。以上培养基均附加 0 .7%琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5 .4～ 5 .6。培养基 ( 1 )、( 2 )、( 6)的糖用量为 2 0ｇ·Ｌ- 1 ;培养…     

金铁锁的离体培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　金铁锁 (Ｐｓａｍｍｏｓｉｌｅｎｅｔｕｎｉｃｏｉｄｅｓ)。2　材料类别　茎尖、带芽的茎段。3　培养条件　诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＩＡＡ 0 .1。增殖培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 +ＩＡＡ 0 .0 5 ;( 3)ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 2 .0 +ＩＡＡ 0 .2。生根培养基 :( 4 )ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ0 .8;( 5 )ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ 1 .0 ;( 6)ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ 1 .5。以上培养基均附加 1 .0 %琼脂 ,3.0 %蔗糖 ,ｐＨ 5 .8。培养温度为 2 3～ 2 5℃ ,光照度为 2 60 0ｌｘ ,光照时间为 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　…     

节瓜离体培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　节瓜 (Ｂｅｎｉｎｃａｓａｈｉｓｐｉｄａｖａｒ.ｃｈｉｅｈ ｑｕａ)品种“四号江心节”。2　材料类别　种子萌发的无菌苗茎尖。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )种子萌发培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ0 ;( 2 )芽诱导和增殖培养基 :ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 4.0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＩＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 3)伸长培养基 :ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ1 .0 +ＩＡＡ 0 .5 ;( 4 )生根培养基 :ＭＳ +ＩＡＡ 0 .5。培养基 ( 2 )～ ( 4 )均附加 0 .7%琼脂和 3%蔗糖 ,ｐＨ5 .8～ 6.0 ,培养温度为 ( 2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照度为 2 0 0 0ｌｘ ,光照时间 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无…     

木立芦荟的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　木立芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓｖａｒ .ｎａｔａｌｅｎｓｉｓ)。2　材料类别　具芽点的茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .2。不定芽增殖培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 5)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1。生根培养基 :( 6)ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 7) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 8)ＭＳ。以上培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,ｐＨ5.8。培养温度 2 2～2 7℃ ,光照 1 0～ 1 2…     

金丝楸的离体培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　金丝楸 (Ｃａｔａｌｐａｂｕｎｇｅｉｖａｒ.)。2　材料类别　 2年生幼苗的幼嫩茎段。3　培养条件　诱导芽培养基 :( 1 )ＷＰＭ + 6 ＢＡ3.0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;( 2 )ＷＰＭ +6 ＢＡ 4.0 +ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;( 3)ＷＰＭ + 6 ＢＡ 4.0 +ＩＢＡ0 .3;( 4 )ＷＰＭ + 6 ＢＡ 5 .0 +ＩＢＡ 0 .3;( 5 )ＷＰＭ +6 ＢＡ 4.0 +ＩＢＡ 0 .4;( 6)ＷＰＭ + 6 ＢＡ 5 .0 +ＩＢＡ0 .5。芽增殖培养基 :( 7)ＷＰＭ + 6 ＢＡ 6.0 +ＩＢＡ0 .2。生根培养基 :( 8) 1 /2ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ 0 .5。芽诱导和增殖培养基中蔗糖均为 2 .5 %,生根…     

星花绣线菊的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　星花绣线菊 (Ｓｐｉｒａｅａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａｖａｒ.ｓｔｅｌｌｅｒｉｓ)。2　材料类别　茎尖、茎段、叶片、叶柄。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )愈伤组织诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＫＴ 0 .3;( 2 )愈伤组织继代培养基 :6,7 Ｖ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0 ＫＴ 0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 1 .0 ＬＨ 2 0 0 0 ;( 3)芽诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 4 )芽增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 5 )生根培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。上述培养基的蔗糖含量为 3% ,琼脂为 0 .7% ,…     

龙蒿的组织培养和快繁

1　植物名称　龙蒿 (Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｄｒａｃｕｎｃｕｌｕｓ) ,又名狭叶青蒿。2　材料类别　嫩尖、茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :(1 ) 1 /3ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＩＢＡ 0 .2。增殖培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .2 ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;(4)ＭＳ。生根培养基 :(5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .5 ;(6 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5 ;(7) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。以上培养基加入微生物多糖固化剂 4.5 ｇ·Ｌ- 1 ,蔗糖 3 % ,培养温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,ｐＨ5 .86 .0 ,光照度 1 5 0 0…     

木立芦荟愈伤组织的诱导及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　木立芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓｖａｒ.ｎａｔａｌｅｎｓｉｓ)。2　材料类别　幼嫩茎段、茎尖、叶片、根。3　培养条件　愈伤组织诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ;(2 )ＭＳ ＮＡＡ2 .0 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 2 ,4 Ｄ     

蓖麻单性雌株组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　蓖麻 (Ｒｉｃｉｎｕｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ)。2　材料类别　单性雌株的顶芽、腋芽、带节的茎段。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )起始培养基 :1 /3ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＩＢＡ 0 .0 1 ;( 2 )芽增殖培养基 :ＭＳ(改良 ) 6 ＢＡ 0 .5～ 0 .8 ＩＢＡ 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 3;( 3)生根培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .0 5 活性炭(适量 )。培养基中添加 3%蔗糖、0 .7%琼脂 ,ｐＨ5 .8。培养温度 2 4～ 2 7℃ ,光照 1 2～ 1 4ｈ·ｄ- 1 ,光照度约为 1 5 0 0ｌｘ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　以蓖麻单性雌株的芽尖和带腋…     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.