湖北宜昌地区晚奥陶世三叶虫动物群及分带序列

从湖北宜昌黄花场和普溪河桥宝塔组剖面获得的新材料,极大地丰富了华南晚奥陶世三叶虫动物群内容,包括22属、1亚属、31种之多。新材料保存完美,很大程度上完整了有关三叶虫的形态特征。RemopleuridesamphitryonoidesLu,1975一种由于新发现了活动颊、唇瓣、胸部及尾部,证明它确实是Remopleurides的成员,排除了对该种归属的怀疑。文中建立了1新属和2新种:Pentacopygepuxiheensisgen.etsp.nov.,Lamproscutellum?limbatumsp.nov.。同时,以桨肋虫类为基础在宝塔组Nankinolithus带之下进一步划分出4个三叶虫带,从下到上依次为Pentacopygepuxiheensis间隔带,Hexacopygeyichangensis间隔带,Remopleuridesamphitryonoides延限带(普溪河段,卡拉道克中期),和Dislobosaspisguizhouensis延限带(临湘段下部,卡拉道克晚期)。     

贵州省紫云县宗地剖面早石炭世大塘期——早二叠世栖霞期的《竹蜓》类动物群

贵州省紫云县宗地剖面产出早石炭世大塘期至早二叠世栖霞期连续的<竹蜓>类化石序列.研究结果显示:该段地层中共产出<竹蜓>类36属453种(包括14个新种、14个亚种、47个相似种、18个变种以及30个未定种).依据化石组合特征,可以识别出13个<竹蜓>类化石带,从老至新为Eostaffella-Eostaffellina富集带,Pseudosta ffella富集带,Profusulinella deprati延限带,Profusulinella chaohuensis-P.fenghuangshanensis间隔带,Fusulina-Fusulinella富集带,Protriticites ziyunensis sp.nov.富集带,Triticites hobblensis延限带,Triticites panteleevi富集带,Spha-eroschwagerina subrotunda延限带,Eopara fusulina ovata富集带,Staffella-Pseudoendothyra组合带,Miselli-natermieri富集带,Misellina pamirensis-Misellina ovalis共存延限带.依据各带中的<竹蜓>类属种分布,宗地剖面的<竹蜓>类化石带序列可以很好地与中国华南、北美得克萨斯、日本中部和俄罗斯等地区同期的<竹蜓>类化石序列对比.     

湖北宜昌黄花场下奥陶统弗洛阶Oepikodus evae带精细地层划分对比

全球中奥陶统及奥陶系第三个阶、大坪阶的界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)确定后,文中作者对宜昌黄花场剖面弗洛阶上部Oepikodus evae带牙形刺生物地层序列进行再研究。通过对红花园组上部-大湾组下段一些关键层位中牙形刺样品的补充采集和牙形刺标本的系统检查,研究牙形刺属种垂向分布特征,修订一些牙形刺属种的首现层位。讨论Stolodus stola,Lundodus gladiatus,Oepikodus intermedius,Oepikodus communis,Trape-zognathus diprion,Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis等重要的多分子器官种分类问题。识别出Baltoniodus trian-gularis(Lindstr m)的先驱:Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis(Lindstr m)与Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)的区别。描述新建化石带属种,包括Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)。认为Oepikodus evae带上部时限范围内并未见Oepikodus evae分子,所以与国际地层指南(2000)关于间隔带和延限带的含义相悖。据此,厘定了原Oepikodus evae带的含义。并以牙形刺带分子首现为标志,将大湾组下段自下而上划分为3个间隔带,分别为:O.evae带,Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带。其中Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带为新建化石带。     

广西二叠纪深海硅质岩系中瓜德鲁普统至乐平统界线地层牙形石分带及动物群特征

在广西钦州地区小董镇大虫岭深海硅质岩剖面中,首次处理出了层序连续的牙形石化石,并由老至新划分了二个牙形石带,即Jinogondolella granti带和Clarkina dukouensis带。通过这二个牙形石带与斜坡相和盆地相碳酸盐岩硅质岩系中的牙形石带进行对比,划分了本剖面中乐平统生物地层底界。本文对深海硅质岩系中这一界线地层牙形石动物群特征进行了简要的描述。     

贵州省紫云县宗地剖面早石炭世大塘期一早二叠世栖霞期的[竹蜓]类动物群

贵州省紫云县宗地剖面产出早石炭世大塘期至早二叠世栖霞期连续的[竹蜓]类化石序列。研究结果显示：该段地层中共产出[竹蜓]类36属453种（包括14个新种、14个亚种、47个相似种、18个变种以及30个未定种）。依据化石组合特征,可以识别出13个[竹蜓]类化石带,从老至新为Eostaffella-Eostaffellina富集带,Pseudostaffella富集带,Profusulinella deprati延限带,Profusulinella chaohuensis-P．fenghuangshanensis间隔带,Fusulina-Fusulinella富集带,Protriticites ziyunensis sp．nov．富集带,Triticites hobblensis延限带,Triticites panteleevi富集带,Sphaeroschwagerina subrotunda延限带,Eoparafusulina ovata富集带,Staffella—Pseudoendothyra组合带,Misellina termieri富集带,Misellina pamirensis—Misellina ovalis共存延限带。依据各带中的[竹蜓]类属种分布,宗地剖面的[竹蜓]类化石带序列可以很好地与中国华南、北美得克萨斯、日本中部和俄罗斯等地区同期的[竹蜓]类化石序列对比。     

广西凌云县罗楼地区早三叠世牙形石

罗楼地区下三叠统,经赵金科（１９５９）研究显示,最低层位为Ｖishnuites marginalis菊石带（Gyronitan阶）,张舜新（１９９０）研究广西凤山金下三叠统形石时,未发现最高的牙形石带,当前研究发现,罗楼地区下三叠统牙形石丰富,可识别出Ｈindeodus parvus,Isarciclla staeschei ,Neospathodus waageni,Neospathodus novaehel-landiae,Neospathodus homeri-Neospathodus triangularis,Chiosella timorensis6个牙形石带（组合带）,从而表明该地区不但存在下三叠统底部层位Ｏtoceratan阶,而且存在下三叠统最高的牙形石带,牙形石组合面貌和岩相显示,该牙形石动物群生活环境与田东县作登地区同属盆地相环境。     

黔北正安安场志留系的几丁虫

通过对黔北正安安场地区下志留统龙马溪组至韩家店组27件样品的化石分析,获取了几丁虫4属14种共348枚,补充了该区几丁虫的属种多样性,自下而上划分为Conochitina edjelensis间隔带和Eisenackitina daozhenensis延限带。在系统地描述了所获几丁虫属种基础上与前人研究所划分的几丁虫带及组成分子进行了对比,更正了Conochitina sacciformis的延限范围,首次在扬子地区发现大量的Eisenackitina causiata。     

新疆赛里木湖北汗吉尕山志留纪 amorphognathoides 带下部的牙形类*

记述了新疆北部赛里木湖北汗吉尕山西部志留纪amorphognathoides带下部牙形类9属12种,这是继云南、西藏和四川后,在新疆的首次发现.amorphognathoides带下部的牙形类以具有齿台脊的器官属Pterospathodus Pa分子的P. amorphognathoides和P.celloni/P. pennatus pennatus的共存为特征,地质时代仅限于志留纪Llandovery世的最晚期(即Telychian晚期).amorphognathoides带的牙形类几乎全球分布,该带下部的牙形类完全可以同国内外同期的牙形动物群对比,它们普遍生活在台地相浅水区中较深水的环境(如滞流盆地)中,营游泳-底栖生活方式.     

华南浅海相泥盆系吉维特阶和弗拉阶四射珊瑚组合特征

中泥盆世吉维特晚期(更精确的说是在中吉维特期末)发生的生物更替事件使大量的头贝、全部的泡沫珊瑚亚目以及大多数的绳珊瑚科和内板珊瑚科惨遭灭绝。晚泥盆世弗拉期出现了许多新生分子,诸如Micto-phyllum,Wapitiphyllum,Pseudozaphrentis,Peneckiella等。根据珊瑚的不同组合特征可以鉴别出它们的地质时代。华南自上而下可划分出4个四射珊瑚组合,分别为上泥盆统弗拉阶(Frasnian):4)Disphyllum-Wapitiphyl-lum组合(牙形类gigas或rhenana带和hassi-jamieae带),3)Mictophyllum-Pseudozaphrentis组合(牙形类asymmetricus带);中泥盆统吉维特阶(Givetian):2)Endophyllum-Sunophyllum组合(牙形类varcus带的中部和下部之上段),1)Stringophyllum-Paramixogonaria组合(牙形类hemiansatus带-varcus带最下部)。     

山东莱芜地区晚寒武世炒米店组牙形石生物地层学研究

本文报道了山东莱芜地区黄羊山剖面炒米店组的牙形石生物地层学研究成果。在该剖面上寒武统的炒米店组建立了9个牙形石带,自上而下分别是Cordylodusangulatus带,C.lindstromi带,C.intermedius带,C.proavus带,Eoconodontusnotchpeakensis带,Proconodontusmuelleri带,P.posterocostatus带,P.tenuiserratus带和Prooneotodusrotundatus-Muelleroduserectus带。牙形石动物群的面貌显示该地区炒米店组顶部在时代上已属早奥陶世,表明该地区的寒武-奥陶界线与三山子组白云岩的底界并不一致,后者在层位上稍高。建立并描述了一副牙形石新种Westergaardodinahuangyangshanensissp.nov.。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.