糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性监测

目的对糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性进行调查,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对解放军第44医院临床收治的149例糖尿病住院患者尿培养结果进行统计分析。结果149例患者中段尿标本共培养出病原菌162株,感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌居首位(38.9%),其次为肠球菌(15.4%)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(8.0%)及奇异变形杆菌(8.0%)。病原菌对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率最低,革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素100%敏感。结论糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌构成多样,病原菌对抗菌药物耐药较为严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理选择抗菌药物     

老年女性糖尿病合并尿路感染的细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解老年女性糖尿病患者尿路感染病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况。方法对大连大学附属新华医院2005年1月至2006年12月169例住院及门诊患者送检的尿标本进行培养,并对145例阳性标本中的细菌进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果尿路感染率为85.8%,感染的病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌占首位,占75.2%,对亚胺培南的耐药性最低,革兰阳性球菌占19.3%,均对万古霉素敏感。结论老年女性糖尿病合并尿路感染的细菌种类发生变化,应定期监测细菌的耐药趋势,以指导临床用药。     

泌尿外科住院患者泌尿系感染病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

了解泌尿外科住院患者泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。对泌尿外科泌尿系感染住院患者的消毒中段尿培养结果进行回顾性分析,尿培养菌株的鉴定、药敏分析和统计分析采用VITEK2全自动微生物仪。3 a中泌尿外科泌尿系感染住院患者共分离到细菌1 233株,其中革兰阴性杆菌772株,占62.61%,革兰阳性球菌353株,占28.63%,真菌82株,占6.65%。菌株数居前5位的细菌依次为:大肠埃希菌、肠球菌属、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、假丝酵母菌属和变形杆菌。分离大肠埃希菌产ESBLs率为66.18%,粪肠球菌中未发现VRE菌株,屎肠球菌VRE为0.8%。未发现对美洛培南耐药的大肠埃希菌,对肠埃希菌耐药率在10%以下的有亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和呋喃妥因。洋葱伯克霍尔德菌和铜绿假单胞菌对所监测的抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药。未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁及氨苄西林耐药的粪肠球菌。泌尿系感染的病原菌以大肠埃希菌和肠球菌为主,非发酵革兰阴性杆菌及假丝酵母菌所占比例超过20%,不容忽视,病原菌的耐药率较高,临床医生应根据尿培养和药敏试验结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

684例胆道感染患者胆汁病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的研究胆道感染患者胆汁病原菌的分布及其耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对684例胆道感染患者胆汁进行培养,应用Micro Scan Walk Away40细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统对分离菌进行鉴定及药敏测定,用WHONET 5.6软件进行数据分析。结果从684例患者胆汁中分离出315株病原菌,革兰阴性杆菌占65.1%,革兰阳性球菌占34.3%,真菌占0.6%。革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素耐药率较低。肠球菌属、葡萄球菌属对喹诺酮类耐药率较低,未发现耐万古霉素、利奈唑胺的革兰阳性球菌。结论胆道感染仍以革兰阴性杆菌为主,病原菌分布广泛,耐药情况较严重,治疗使用抗生素需要进行病原菌检测及耐药性分析。     

临床常见病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解我院患者常见病原菌分布及其耐药情况,指导临床治疗,合理使用抗生素。方法将我院2006年~2008年分离的临床病原菌分布及其耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果我院病原菌分布以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占40.9%,革兰阳性球菌占34.4%,真菌占24.7%,居于革兰阴性杆菌前3位的菌群是大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌属和克雷伯菌属;居于革兰阳性球菌前3位的菌群是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肠球菌属和链球菌属;各菌群中抗菌药物的耐药率均有上升,部分菌株呈多重耐药。结论革兰阴性杆菌已成为医院感染的最常见病原菌,对抗生素耐药日益严重,医院应重视病原菌的耐药性监测,及时掌握细菌耐药的动态,指导临床合理使用抗生素,防止医院感染的发生。     

缺血性脑卒中患者介入治疗后并发相关性肺炎的病原菌分布及药敏分析

目的:探讨缺血性脑卒中患者介入治疗后并发相关性肺炎的病原菌分布情况及其耐药性,为临床合理选择抗菌药物进行抗感染治疗提供参考。方法:选择2016年5月-2018年6月大连医科大学附属大连市中心医院神经内一科收治的182例缺血性脑卒中介入治疗后并发相关性肺炎患者,对患者痰标本进行细菌培养和鉴定,并对培养阳性的病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果:182例患者共送检痰标本并进行细菌培养276次,其中阳性检出199次,阳性检出率为72.10%,检出病原菌215株,革兰阴性杆菌153株,占71.16%,其中鲍氏不动杆菌是主要病原菌,占24.19%,其次为肺炎克雷伯菌,占20.93%;革兰阳性球菌62株,占28.84%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌为主要的病原菌,占11.16%,其次为溶血葡萄球菌,占7.91%。革兰阴性杆菌和革兰阳性球菌中的主要病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性较严重,且存在多药耐药性的现象。结论:缺血性脑卒中患者介入治疗后并发相关性肺炎的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且存在多药耐药率高的现象,临床应合理选取抗菌药物进行治疗。     

儿童呼吸道感染时呼吸道分泌物的病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

【摘 要】目的 了解本地区儿童呼吸道感染病原菌种类、分布特点及其耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 对2009年5月至2012年5月间本地区两家医院儿科住院患者送检的共1350份呼吸道分泌物的细菌培养结果及要检出菌的耐药情况,进行回顾性分析。结果 从1350份标本中共分离出384株病原菌,检出率为28.4%,革兰阴性杆菌258株,占67.2%,革兰阳性球菌95株,占24.7%,厌氧菌17株,占4.4%,真菌14株,占3.6%;革兰阴性前三位杆菌肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌和解鸟氨酸克雷白杆菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林耐药率均大于50%以上,共分离出产ESBLs菌57株,阳性率为43.2%;革兰阳性前三位球菌肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率达50%以上。结论 本地区儿童呼吸道感染主要病原菌是革兰阴性杆菌,加强细菌培养和耐药性监测对临床合理使用抗生素有重要意义。     

平湖市第一人民医院儿科患者主要病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解和探讨平湖市第一人民医院儿科感染的常见病原菌的分布状况及耐药情况。方法对该院2012年1月至2012年12月儿科患者送检的合格标本进行细菌培养和药敏试验,并统计分析。结果分离出305株病原菌,其中革兰阳性球菌166株,占54. 5%,革兰阴性杆菌134株,占43. 9%,真菌5株,占1. 6%。革兰阳性球菌中前几位依次为金黄色葡萄球菌82株,占49.4%,人葡萄球菌27株,占16. 3%,表皮葡萄球菌27株,占16. 3%,溶血葡萄球菌17株,占10. 2%。革兰阴性杆菌中前几位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌42株,占30. 2%,大肠埃希菌28株,占20. 1%,鲍曼不动杆菌21株,占15. 1%,阴沟肠杆菌15株,占10. 8%,不同病原菌对常用抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药,大肠埃希菌的ESBLs阳性率为28. 6%,肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性率为11.9%。结论该院儿科患者感染的主要病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主,最常见为金黄色葡萄球菌,不同病原菌对抗生素的耐药性不同,应加强病原菌的检测及耐药性监测,严格执行消毒灭菌操作的各项规定,尽早进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,临床应根据药敏结果选择用药,合理使用抗菌药物。     

重症监护病房中心静脉导管相关性血流感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

摘要：目的 探讨重症监护病房（ICU）患者中心静脉导管相关性血流感染（CRBSI）病原菌的分布特点及其耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 回顾分析杭州市西湖区第二人民医院2010年1月至2014年12月ICU病房收治的CRBSI患者的临床资料,了解其病原菌的构成及其药物敏感情况。结果 共分离出病原菌152株,其中革兰阴性杆菌占53.95%,革兰阳性球菌占40.13%,真菌占5.92%。药敏结果显示,主要革兰阴性杆菌对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南耐药率较低,主要革兰阳性球菌对利福平、阿米卡星、呋喃妥因、替加环素、利奈唑胺和万古霉素耐药率较低。结论 加强CRBSI细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物,有助于CRBSI的早期诊治和降低患者死亡率。     

呼吸内科下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨和分析下呼吸道感染患者的病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析2013年在金华市中心医院呼吸内科住院的下呼吸道感染患者合格痰标本细菌培养结果,然后进行细菌菌株的鉴定和药物敏感性检测。结果共分离出593株致病菌。其中,革兰阴性菌464株,占78.2%,前四位为:肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌;革兰阳性菌49株(占8.3%),以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;真菌80株(占13.5%),以白假丝酵母菌为主。不论是革兰阴性杆菌还是革兰阳性球菌均普遍出现了多重耐药菌株。结论呼吸内科下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性菌为主,分离病原菌耐药现象普遍存在,临床应重视病原学检查。加强病原菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.