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1.
中国的柑桔     
一.我国柑桔栽培历史及其分布我国是世界上柑桔之原产地,栽培历史相当悠久,始于纪元前二千二百年“虞夏”时代迄今达四千多年。夏书禹贡说“厥包橘柚锡贡”这可能是柑橘栽培早已开端的证明,也是说我国柑桔类果树当以橘与柚为最早。到了汉代栽培稍多,至唐宋时代栽植渐盛,种类繁多为世界之冠,宋韩彦直著“橘录”是世界上有关柑桔的最早著作。近数十年来日本欧洲、美洲等地的柑桔品种亦多由我国传入。目前,我国柑桔栽培地区甚广,有广东、  相似文献   

2.
梅花是我国原产,在商周时代已在我国广泛栽培,考古发现,在许多古代墓葬中,如湖北随州曾侯乙墓和湖北长沙马王堆墓葬中,都有梅的果实。《诗经》中有多处谈到梅树,《山海经》记载:“灵山其木多桃、李、梅、杏”。《神农本草》记载:梅的花、果、枝、叶、根具有医药功效。经过栽培选育,梅花品种已有200余个。各地还保存有不少百年以上的古梅。  相似文献   

3.
研究表明,菊花(Dendranthema×grandiflorum)是一个人工栽培的杂交种,自然界中是没有野生菊花的,许多野生的菊属植物如毛华菊(D.vestitum)、野菊(D.indicum)、紫花野菊(D.zawadskii)等都参与了栽培菊花的起源过程。我国早期的诗文中所记载的菊多指这些野生种,而毛华菊可能是其中的主要种之一。后汉书《荆州记》记载:“县北八百里有菊水,其源旁悉芳菊,水极甘香……,饮食澡浴,悉用之。此菊茎短花大,食之甘美,异于他菊,广收其实,种之京师,遂处处传植之。”宋代…  相似文献   

4.
1998年5月-2000年10月间调查了梅州柚果贮藏期的真菌病害,它们是:①柚果绿霉病(Penicilliumdigitatum),②柚果炭疽病(Collettrichumgloeosporioides),③柚果黑腐病(Alternariacitri),④柚果焦腐病(Diplodianatalensis)和⑤柚果酸腐病(Oosporacitri-aurantii)等5种.从几种安全性高的保鲜剂中筛选出1个混用配方,该配方对柚果贮藏防腐保鲜效果明显,贮藏5个月无病斑果达100%,6个月也只有20%的柚果出现少量病斑,且柚果几项质量指标较好.  相似文献   

5.
沙田柚     
(一)柚子是我国的特产,也是名贵果品之一。形状硕大,重的有三市斤以上,皮厚带青黄色,果味清甜而气香,最易贮藏及远运,每年外销数量甚钜,远销欧美各地及民主国家,换回不少外汇及机器与工业原料。柚子的木质基密致坚硬,颜色谈黄,是制造家具的良好木材,尤其是制革履用的鞋券的优良原料。我国出产柚子的地方,分布甚广,两广、湖南、四川、福建、浙江、台湾等省均有栽培。品种复杂,如福建的文旦柚和坪山柚,湖南的安江香柚、甜柚和石榴柚,台湾的麻豆文旦和白柚,江西的毛橘红柚,广东的桑麻柚及胭脂柚  相似文献   

6.
李时珍在他的《本草纲目》上说:“蔬菜之王为萝卜,果中之王为桂圆”。李时珍崇尚桂圆,把果中之王的桂冠给予桂圆,自有他的道理。药食兼优的珍果桂圆,是为岭南佳果。古诗中描绘桂圆是:“圆如丽珠,赤若金丸,肉似玻璃,核如黑漆”。桂圆为无患子科常绿乔木龙眼(Dimocarpuslongana)的成熟果实,在我国已有二千多年的人工栽培历史。果实形状浑圆、果肉鲜嫩、汁甘味美,被称为“蜜脾”。据古书记载:桂圆有补精益髓、蠲渴扶肌、美悦颜色、润泽肌肤的功效。中药把桂圆归属补血药,其味甘、性平,有补心益脾,养血安神作用。治气血不足,神经衰弱的心悖、失…  相似文献   

7.
蘑菇种类繁多。据统计有约100000种。其中的700多种可供食用,50种具有药用或保健价值。但引人注意且研究较多的只有少数几种,包括灵芝、香菇和奇果菇(GnglaNil’losa)等。据谢克特等在美刊《保健食品》的报道,奇果菇产于日本东北部,野生,因环境要求高而难以人工栽培。无毒。菇群巨大,直径20英寸,重100磅。有“蘑菇之王”的誉称。奇果菇具有超过所有的可食蘑菇的鲜美的食味和高度的保健作用。自古以来,深受日本人民的青睐。据说,在历史上,日本的草药医生常用奇果菇换取与其等重的银子。日本人民若在…  相似文献   

8.
中国莲的起源与演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈平平 《生物学通报》1999,34(11):28-29
1 荷花与莲荷花是莲(NelumbonuciferaGaertn.)的俗称。它的别名很多,如荷华、菡萏(《诗经》)、莲藕、莲花、水华(《本草纲目》)、芙蕖(《尔雅》)、芙蓉(《古今注》)、水芙蓉(《群芳谱》)等。荷花之名来自《诗经》的荷华,华为花之古字。李时珍(1518~1593)《本草纲目》莲藕条的释名说:“其根(应为根状茎前梢数节肥大部分)藕,其实莲,其茎叶荷”;“莲者,连也,花实相连而出也”。中国荷花是由它们的古代野生祖先野生莲演变而来的。荷花是我国水生花卉之王,被誉为花中君子,它在我国南北各地广泛栽培;小种荷花(碗莲)用缸、盆、碗栽植。无土栽培…  相似文献   

9.
(木奈)果是我国南方的特种水果。俗称“(木奈)李”、“桃夹李”、“歪咀桃”、“西洋(木奈)”等。(木奈)果果实营养丰富,含糖分高,有较多维生素,特别维生素C含量更多,是一种珍贵果品。(木奈)果除鲜食外,可供制作糖水罐头、蜜饯、(木奈)果干等。初步调查资料表明,(木奈)果在我国南方栽培有400多年历史,具有抗性强、适应性广、耐贫脊、易栽培、病虫害少、产量高、成熟期较长的特点。果实品质优,有特殊风味,耐贮运。 (木奈)果在国际市场上是一种畅销水果,有关资料证实,目前供不应求,需要量逐年上升,  相似文献   

10.
“应怜履齿印苍苔, 小叩柴扉久不开; 春色满园关不住, 一枝红杏出墙来”。宋代诗人叶绍翁一首脍灸入口的千古名句,勾划出一幅美丽的画卷,用一枝出墙的红杏,把满园春色描绘得淋漓尽致。一我国是杏的故乡。早在周代,杏已与桃、李、梅、枣、榛、栗、枸、梨、瓜等十多种果品一起被列为祭祀的专用供品,距今2700年的《竹书纪年》中,有“幽王十年九月桃杏实”的记载。这说明,我们的祖先很早就已进行杏的栽培了。《山海经》中记载:“灵山之下,其木多杏”。汉代时,武帝修上林苑,搜集天下名果异树,有位名叫干吉的东郡都尉,献蓬莱杏,被奉为仙物。我国不仅对杏栽培有悠久的历史,而且还培育出许多品种。如《广志》载:“荥阳有白杏,邺中有赤杏,有黄杏,有奈杏”。《花镜》又述:“杏的栽培品种很多。梅杏果实大,果皮果肉橙黄色,五鲜食优良品种;沙杏  相似文献   

11.
柚品种的等位酶变异研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究了柚的48个品种的等位酶变异,利用等位酶分析技术对柚的酯酶(EST),6-磷酸葡萄糖异的酶(PGI),6-磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM),莽草酸脱氢酶(SKD),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)共5个酶系统的10个等位酶基因座进行了分析,除PGI-1,PGI-2两个基因座外,其它8个均为多态性基因座;10个等位酶基因座共观察到的等位基因25个,平均每个基因座的有效等位基因数目为1.55,基因多样度0.2805,柚的品种间具有较为丰富的等位酶标记遗传多样性,但柚类种质资源群体总的遗传多样性水平偏低。柚的较低的有效等位基因数目与基因多样度可能由于人工选择及资源流失造成。  相似文献   

12.
基于全基因组的河北省小麦品种遗传多样性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
丰富的遗传变异对于提高作物的环境适应性和遗传改良进度至关重要。小麦是重要的粮食作物,河北省作为我国第三大小麦产区,在保障国家粮食安全中占有重要地位。建国以来,河北省审定了大量小麦品种,然而有关其遗传基础的研究却相对缺乏。本研究以1949年至2012年的169份河北省小麦品种为材料,利用覆盖小麦全基因组的SSR标记分析了供试小麦品种的遗传多样性。结果表明,供试河北省小麦品种的3个染色体组中,以B染色体组具有最高的遗传多样性,A组最低;7个同源群中,以第5、4群具有最高的多样性水平,而第7群最低;在21条染色体上的遗传多样性变化较大,以4A、2D具有较高的多样性水平,1A染色体最低。从品种的更新换代角度看,自1949年以来,尽管品种的等位基因频率在下降,河北省小麦品种的多样性水平基本呈现上升趋势。在此基础上,根据遗传相似系数,供试品种可聚为5大类,聚类结果既反映出河北省小麦品种多样性水平的复杂多样,也反映出品种的地域性分布特征。  相似文献   

13.
卧龙圈养大熊猫遗传多样性现状及预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以中国最大的大熊猫圈养种群———四川卧龙中国大熊猫保护中心的圈养种群为对象,以8个大熊猫微卫星位点为分子标记,探讨了大熊猫圈养种群的遗传多样性,并与邛崃野生种群及其他7个濒危物种进行比较。微卫星数据表明,圈养种群的遗传多样性水平(A=5.5,He=0.620,Ho=0.574)低于邛崃野生种群(A=9.8,He=0.779,Ho=0.581),但高于其他7个濒危物种的种群(He=0.13~0.46)。在此数据的基础上对未来100个世代内圈养种群遗传多样性的变化情况做出了预测。结果表明假设种群数量比现在扩大一倍,经历100个世代后也只会使平均等位基因数少减少0.4。因此继续增加野生个体对保持遗传多样性的意义已经不大,建议该圈养种群的保护策略应将重点放到制定更有效的繁殖计划以避免近交上。  相似文献   

14.
家养动物多样性研究要素和成就   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
家养动物多样性的研究多年来侧重于经济性状和生态多样性及品种多样性。近几年来在遗传多样性方面取得重大进展 ,在品种聚类、系统保种、遗传多样性与经济性状和生态多态性的相关研究都取得了重要结果 ,有的已经做到数量性状基因定位、转基因和克隆动物检测等。家养动物与其野生近缘种的基因分析和利用野生种血液的育种也取得一定的效果。利用多样性鉴别技术已确认许多地方品种为中国特有种 ,引起了国际广泛关注  相似文献   

15.
西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
 以西藏3 204份栽培大麦(Hordeum vulgare)地方品种为材料,运用群体遗传学的原理与方法,研究了西藏栽培大麦遗传资源的数量、遗传多样性指数和综合变异系数及其生态地理分布特征。结果表明:1) 28°~30° N×88°~94° E的藏中地区栽培大麦资源分布广泛,遗传多样性丰富,综合变异系数高;2) 30°~31° N×96°~98° E的藏东横断山脉地区栽培大麦资源、遗传多样性和综合变异系数次之。并据此提出西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心及其多样性扩散方式。  相似文献   

16.
Asparagus bean, one of the three subspecies of Vigna unguiculata, has a long cultivation history in China. The genetic diversity was analyzed based on the 66 landraces and cultivars cultivated in China by using ISSR molecular markers, with which 192 amplification loci were obtained 32.3% of them being polymorphic. The genetic differentiation analysis revealed a very high genetic diversity in the Chinese landraces, which confirmed that China is the secondary origin centre of the asparagus bean. The commercial cultivars bred in China were genetically highly homogenous, suggesting that the breeding process has resulted in disappearance of some of the genetic variation. A cluster analysis at 0.17 of Nei genetic distance divided the 66 landraces and cultivars into 9 groups. Their clustering pattern basically matches the phylogeny of those cultivars, and also corresponds to their geographical origin and morphological traits.  相似文献   

17.
摘要:【目的】检测不同地区枣树品种上的枣疯植原体侵染及保守基因序列的变异。【方法】利用植原体16S rDNA的通用引物R16mF2/R16mR1、16S-23S间区序列(SR)的通用引物SR1/SR及secY基因引物FD9f/r,通过PCR检测采自国内7个地区14个枣树品种上的32个枣疯病和4个酸枣丛枝病样品。将PCR产物进行直接或克隆测序,结合已报导的测序数据,进行序列同源性和系统进化分析。【结果】所有枣疯病样品中均检测到植原体;皆属于榆树黄化16S rV-B亚组,与我国重阳木丛枝和樱桃致死黄化遗传关系  相似文献   

18.
Isoetes yunguiensis is an endangered and endemic fern in China.Field survey indicated that only one population and no more than 50 individuals occur in the wild.The genetic variation of 46 individuals from the population remaining at Pingha (Guizhou Province,China)was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)fingerprinting.Twelve primers were screened from sixty ten-bp arbitrary primers,and a total of 95 DNA fragments were scored.Of these,62.1%were polymorphic loci,which indicated that high level genetic variation existed in the natural population.The accumulation of genetic variation in the history of the taxon and the apparent minimal reduction effect on genetic diversity following destruction of habitat might be responsible for the high level genetic diversity presently remaining in the I.yunguiensis population.However,with the continuing decrease of population size,the genetic diversity will gradually be lost.We suggest that the materials from the extant population should be used for re-establishment of the populations.  相似文献   

19.
In order to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, an endangered species, allozyme diversity was analyzed using 22 loci in 607 individuals of 21 natural populations from the Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces in China. The populations studied showed a moderate allozyme variability (A=1.33, P=22.7%, Ho=0.033 and He=0.068), which was relatively high for the genus Oryza. The levels of genetic diversity for Guangxi and Guangdong were significantly higher than those for the other regions, and thus South China appeared to be the center of genetic diversity of O. rufipogon in China. A moderate genetic differentiation (FST=0.310, I=0.964) was found among the populations studied. Interestingly, the pattern of population differentiation does not correspond to geographic distance. An estimate of the outcrossing rate (t=0.324) suggests that the species has a typical mixed-mating system. The deficit of heterozygotes (F=0.511) indicates that some inbreeding may have taken place in outcrossing asexual populations because of intra-clone outcrossing events and ”isolation by distance” as a result of human disturbance. In order to predict the long-term genetic survival of fragmented populations, further studies on gene flow among the remaining populations and the genetic effects of fragmentation are proposed. Finally, some implications for the conservation of endangered species are suggested. Received: 22 June 1999 / Accepted: 20 December 1999  相似文献   

20.
Phylogeography and Origin of Sheep Breeds in Northern China   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
With the establishment of modern sheep production systems in China, various forms of hybridization with Western breeds and between native breeds have been utilized for genetic improvement. At the same time, the progressive destruction or deterioration of sheep habitat has accompanied urbanization in China. Together these factors have accelerated the loss of genetic diversity, or even resulted in the extinction of some indigenous breeds. It is therefore important that efficient strategies for surveillance, evaluation, conservation and utilization of available genetic resources are developed for this species. In this study, a total of 30 microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity for 12 native breeds and one Western sheep breed in Northern China. The high polymorphism information contents at the 30 markers, varying from averages of 0.519 to 0.666 for the 13 breeds, imply the retention of natural variation from source populations in the domestic breeds from different geographic regions in China. Analysis of genetic differentiation revealed substantial divergence among these breeds. Neutrality tests indicated that more than one third of the 30 loci were in departure from neutrality, implying that some evolutionary forces (e.g. selection and migration) had acted on these populations. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses displayed a remarkable degree of consistency between geographic origins, breeding histories and the pattern of genetic differentiation.  相似文献   

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