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张辰欢  康春全  黄心怡  陆洪良 《生态学报》2021,41(18):7204-7211
为检验入侵性龟类是否在某些功能表现上较土著龟类具显著优势,将相同孵化环境中孵出的红耳滑龟和乌龟幼体在不同测试温度下测定其运动(游泳和翻身)和心率表现。结果显示:所检测的两种龟幼体功能指标均随测试温度的变化而变化;红耳滑龟幼体比乌龟幼体具有较快的游泳速度和心率,但较慢的翻身速度。此外,通过比较来自不同养殖群体的两种龟幼体发现:低纬度的海口养殖群个体比高纬度的海宁养殖群个体具有较快的心率、较好的运动表现。结合已发表的临界高低温数据对不同指标构建热功能曲线发现:红耳滑龟幼体游泳速度的热表现宽度大于乌龟幼体,翻身反应的热表现宽度反而较小;海宁养殖群的游泳速度和翻身反应的热表现宽度大于海口养殖群个体。表明:较强游泳能力及能在较宽的热范围内实现较好的游泳表现、较高代谢水平可能有助于入侵性红耳滑龟在新环境中快速扩散、与其它物种竞争取胜并实现其成功入侵。红耳滑龟未表现出较快的翻身速度可能与因其相对较扁平的体型而导致的翻身较难有关。  相似文献   

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食物类型对红耳滑龟幼体摄食特殊热动力作用的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
潘志崇  计翔  陆洪良 《动物学报》2004,50(3):459-463
动物通过摄食获得能量,消耗的能量主要用于基础(或标准)代谢、摄食、体温调节、运动和生长等(Bartholomew ,1 977)。食物消化、同化过程中代谢率(耗氧量)显著增加,这种增加与动物正在进行的其它活动无关,其热效应被称为特殊热动力作用(Specificdynamicaction ,SDA )或热增(Heat  相似文献   

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为研究中华花龟(Ocadia sinensis)幼体的热耐受性和运动表现热依赖性,设计了具有和缺乏温度梯度两种热环境,研究幼龟体温的昼夜变化。高、低温耐受性分别用临界高温和临界低温表示,体温为泄殖腔温度,水温和气温分别是幼龟所处位置的水温和1cm高气温。临界高温和临界低温分别为41.9℃和1.8℃。在有温度梯度的热环境中,体温、水温和气温平均值有显著的昼夜差异,水温和体温的日平均值无显著差异,两者均大于气温的日平均值。在缺乏温度梯度的热环境中,体温、气温和水温平均值亦有显著的昼夜差异,但气温、水温和体温的日平均温度无显著差异。温度梯度是幼龟进行体温调节不可或缺的条件,选择体温有显著的昼夜变化,最大值和最小值分别为29.2℃和25.4℃。在02:00—06:00时间段内,幼龟选择体温明显较低,其它测定时刻的选择体温无显著差异。幼龟各测定时刻的平均体温与平均气温和水温均呈正相关。处于温度梯度中幼龟特定气温的体温比处于缺乏温度梯度中的幼龟高3.7℃,这种差异是前者利用温度梯度进行体温调节的结果;处于不同热环境中幼龟特定水温的体温无显著差异。体温显著影响幼龟的运动表现。18—39℃体温范围内,疾跑速随体温增加而增加,36℃和39℃体温的幼龟疾跑速最大;体温达到41℃时,疾跑速显著下降。体温较高的幼龟的最大持续运动距离大于体温较低的幼龟。偏相关分析显示,疾跑速与最大持续运动距离和停顿次数呈显著的正相关,停顿次数与最大持续运动距离呈负相关。  相似文献   

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研究中华鳖新孵幼体的热耐受性、体温及温度对运动能力的影响 .结果表明 ,在干燥和潮湿环境下 ,选择体温分别为 2 8.0℃和 30 .3℃ ;潮湿环境下 ,临界高温和低温分别为 40 .9℃和 7.8℃ .在缺乏温度梯度的热环境中 ,水温对幼鳖体温的影响比气温更直接 ,体温和环境温度的昼夜变化相一致 ,说明幼鳖生理调温能力很弱 .在有温度梯度的热环境中 ,幼鳖能通过行为调温将体温维持到较高且较恒定的水平 ,导致体温昼夜变化不明显 .幼鳖运动能力有显著的热依赖性 ,在一定温度范围内随体温升高而增强 .体温31.5℃时 ,幼鳖的运动表现最好 ,最大续跑距离、单位时间跑动距离和单位时间停顿次数分别为 1.87m、4 92m·min-1和 6 .2次·min-1.体温过高时 ,运动能力下降 .当体温为 33 .0℃时 ,最大续跑距离、单位时间跑动距离和单位时间停顿次数分别为 1.30m、4.2 8m·min-1和 7.7次·min-1.  相似文献   

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舒霖  张群利  屈彦福  计翔 《生态学报》2010,30(8):2036-2042
研究了青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)成体的选择体温、热耐受性及食物同化和运动表现的热依赖性。结果显示:选择体温、临界低温和临界高温无显著的两性差异,其平均值分别为33.3、0.9℃和46.9℃。在27-35℃实验温度范围内,体温显著影响日摄食量,表观消化系数(ADC)和同化效率(AE)无显著影响。停顿次数随着体温的升高而降低,至39℃时停顿次数最少,但与37℃和41℃处理下的停顿次数无显著差异。疾跑速在17-39℃范围内随体温升高而加快,在39℃体温下最快。体温大于39℃后速度减慢。在17-27℃体温范围内,随体温的升高持续运动距离无显著差异。持续运动距离在29-41℃体温下大于较低体温(17-27℃)下的测定值。  相似文献   

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多疣壁虎的体温调节及运动能力热依赖性   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
胡凌君  杜卫国 《动物学报》2007,53(2):227-232
本文测定了多疣壁虎(Gekko japonicus)的野外活动体温、喜好体温以及运动能力热依赖性,探讨夜行性蜥蜴的体温调节及其对动物功能表达的作用。在自然条件下,多疣壁虎的活动体温存在明显的月份间差异,但无性别和年龄间的差异。在实验室条件下,怀卵雌体(29.8℃)和幼体(29.9℃)的喜好体温显著高于非怀卵雌体(28.5℃)和雄体(28.2℃)。体温能显著影响多疣壁虎的运动能力,在15℃-34℃范围内,其平均跑速随体温上升而加快,超过34℃后则随体温升高而减慢。多疣壁虎的平均跑速及其热敏感性无显著的年龄组间差异。在夜间活动期,雄体、非怀卵雌体和幼体的体温调节有效度低,而怀卵雌体的体温调节有效度则较高。结果显示怀卵雌体的体温调节较非怀卵雌体和雄体更精确  相似文献   

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研究了捕自安徽宿州的成年雄性山地麻蜥(Eremias brenchleyi)选择体温、热耐受性、温度对食物同化和运动表现的影响。结果显示:①选择体温、临界高温和临界低温的平均值分别为33.7、43.6和3.3℃。②环境温度在26-38℃时,对山地麻蜥食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和运动表现有显著的影响;在26-30℃时食物通过时间随温度升高而缩短,通过30℃则随温度升高而延长;在26和28℃时,摄食量、ADC和AE均小于更高温度的对应值。③体温在19-34℃,蜥蜴的疾跑速随体温上升而加快,31和34℃时最快,超过34℃后随体温升高而减慢;31和34℃时的持续运动距离最长,超过36℃后随体温升高而显著缩短,但体温19-36℃蜥蜴的持续运动距离无显著差异;19-34℃蜥蜴的路道停顿次数较少,无显著差异,超过34℃后显著增加。  相似文献   

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Koji Tanaka 《Acta zoologica》2008,89(3):211-218
Intermorph differences of thermoregulatory abilities in colour-polymorphic (dimorphic) species have been demonstrated in many ectotherms. Usually, these studies reported slower body warming in pale-coloured morphs than in dark-coloured morphs. Under this circumstance, one way in which pale-coloured individuals can manage their slower body warming is to perform better at lower temperatures than dark-coloured individuals. If this is the case, the former need not necessarily raise their body temperature to the same level as the latter. Based on this scenario, intermorph differences in thermal sensitivity of performance were examined using the melanistic/striped colour-dimorphic snake Elaphe quadrivirgata as a model species. As an indication of performance capability, the crawling speed was measured at several temperatures. Although striped individuals exhibited slower body warming than melanistic individuals under experimental conditions, the former did not exhibit faster crawling speed than the latter at lower temperatures. Shape and position of the performance curve were almost identical between melanistic and striped individuals, indicating a highly static nature in thermal sensitivity of crawling. Coupled with the results of field studies, it is suggested that striped individuals manage their slower body warming by efforts of behavioural thermoregulation. The possible significance of ecological performance in the wild was discussed.  相似文献   

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设置莲-鳖-龟-鱼生态种养(JGBY)、莲-龟-鱼生态种养(JGY)、子莲单作(JCK)及子莲生态种植(JCK0)田间对比试验;研究不同种养模式对莲田病虫害的影响。结果表明:投放养殖动物后;与JCK0相比;在各处理间发病率差异最大的时期;JGBY、JGY、JCK对莲褐纹病的防效分别为21.3%、20.8%和42.5%;对莲叶枯病的防效分别为17.7%、16.4%和37.6%;对莲腐败病的防效分别为7.7%、6.4%和27.5%;JGBY处理对各主要病害的防效比JGY更好;但防控效果均不如JCK处理。在各虫害高峰期;各处理对食根金花虫和福寿螺的控制效果最好;JGBY、JGY和JCK处理的食根金花虫的虫口密度较JCK0分别下降76.9%、46.2%和84.6%;福寿螺的虫口密度分别下降69.2%、53.8%和46.2%;各处理对食根金花虫和福寿螺的防效分别表现为:JGY相似文献   

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Freshly-laid eggs of the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) from captive cohorts in Hunan, Shanghai and Jiangxi were incubated at four constant temperatures of 24, 26, 28 and 30 °C to assess the effects of incubation temperature and cohort origin on incubation duration and hatchling phenotypes. Eggs from the three cohorts differed in size and shape. Egg mass and width were greatest in the Hunan cohort, smallest in the Jiangxi cohort, with the Shanghai cohort in between. Incubation duration decreased with increasing temperature and differed among the cohorts, with longer incubation duration for eggs from the Jiangxi cohort than those from the Hunan or Shanghai cohorts. Incubation temperatures significantly affected hatchling size and hatchlings from 30 °C were smaller than those from the lower temperatures in terms of carapace size and body mass. When incubated at a common temperature, hatchlings from the Hunan and Shanghai cohorts were larger than those from the Jiangxi cohort. The swimming capacity of hatchlings was affected by incubation temperature, but did not differ among the cohorts. The characteristics of eggs and hatchlings were similar among the Hunan and Shanghai cohorts, but they differed significantly from the Jiangxi cohort.  相似文献   

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Across a range of taxa, individuals within a species differ in suites of correlated traits. These trait complexes, known as syndromes, can have dramatic evolutionary consequences as they do not evolve independently but rather as a unit. Current research focuses primarily on syndromes relating to aspects of behavior and life history. What is less clear is whether physiological traits also form a syndrome. We measured 10 thermal traits in the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata, to test this idea. Repeatability was calculated and their across‐context correlations evaluated. Our results were in alignment with our predictions in that individual thermal traits varied consistently and were structured into a physiological syndrome, which we are referring to as the thermal behavior syndrome (TBS). Within this syndrome, lizards exhibited a “thermal type” with each being ranked along a cold–hot continuum. Hot types had faster sprint speeds and higher preferred body temperatures, whereas the opposite was true for cold types. We conclude that physiological traits may evolve as a single unit driven by the need to maintain optimal temperatures that enable fitness‐related behaviors to be maximized.  相似文献   

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Wang L  Du W G  Shen J W  Zhu L J 《农业工程》2010,30(2):81-84
Freshly-laid eggs of the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) from captive cohorts in Hunan, Shanghai and Jiangxi were incubated at four constant temperatures of 24, 26, 28 and 30 °C to assess the effects of incubation temperature and cohort origin on incubation duration and hatchling phenotypes. Eggs from the three cohorts differed in size and shape. Egg mass and width were greatest in the Hunan cohort, smallest in the Jiangxi cohort, with the Shanghai cohort in between. Incubation duration decreased with increasing temperature and differed among the cohorts, with longer incubation duration for eggs from the Jiangxi cohort than those from the Hunan or Shanghai cohorts. Incubation temperatures significantly affected hatchling size and hatchlings from 30 °C were smaller than those from the lower temperatures in terms of carapace size and body mass. When incubated at a common temperature, hatchlings from the Hunan and Shanghai cohorts were larger than those from the Jiangxi cohort. The swimming capacity of hatchlings was affected by incubation temperature, but did not differ among the cohorts. The characteristics of eggs and hatchlings were similar among the Hunan and Shanghai cohorts, but they differed significantly from the Jiangxi cohort.  相似文献   

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  1. Counter‐gradient growth, where growth per unit temperature increases as temperature decreases, can reduce the variation in ectothermic growth rates across environmental gradients. Understanding how ectothermic species respond to changing temperatures is essential to their conservation and management due to human‐altered habitats and changing climates.
  2. Here, we use two contrasting populations of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) to model the effect of artificial and variable temperature regimes on growth and age at reproductive maturity. The two populations occur on forks of the Trinity River in northern California, U.S.A. The South Fork Trinity River (South Fork) is unregulated, while the main stem of the Trinity River (Main Stem) is dammed and has peak seasonal temperatures that are approximately 10 °C colder than the South Fork.
  3. Consistent with other studies, we found reduced annual growth rates for turtles in the colder Main Stem compared to the warmer South Fork. The South Fork population matured approximately 9 year earlier, on average, and at a larger body size than the Main Stem population.
  4. When we normalised growth rates for the thermal opportunity for growth using water‐growing degree‐days (GDD), we found the reverse for growth rates and age at reproductive maturity. Main Stem turtles grew approximately twice as fast as South Fork turtles per GDD. Main Stem turtles also required approximately 50% fewer GDD to reach their smaller size at reproductive maturity compared to the larger South Fork turtles.
  5. We found we could accurately hindcast growth rates based on water temperatures estimated from the total volume of discharge from the dam into the Main Stem, providing a management tool for predicting the impacts of the dam on turtle growth rates.
  6. Given the importance of size and age at reproductive maturity to population dynamics, this information on counter‐gradient growth will improve our ability to understand and predict the consequences of dam operations for downstream turtle populations.
  相似文献   

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