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1.
基于耳石微化学的长江安徽和县江段刀鲚生境履历重建 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解长江刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的“生境履历”, 利用电子探针微区分析技术研究了2015年5月17日在长江安徽和县江段捕获的刀鲚短颌鲚与长颌鲚类型耳石Sr和Ca微化学特征。短颌鲚的耳石Sr/Ca值变化动态为2类, 一类比值稳定在2.00左右(1.65±0.87—2.03±0.96), 反映了其纯淡水的生境履历; 另一类比值波动显著, 不仅具有对应淡水生境的低值(2.39±1.18—2.63±0.85), 还具有对应半咸水生境的高值(3.22±1.17—3.29±1.14), 显现了其江海生活的生境履历。长颌鲚耳石的Sr/Ca值均波动显著, 同时具有对应淡水生境的低值(1.35±1.07—2.37±1.04)和半咸水、海水生境的高值(3.47±1.09—8.35±1.25), 表现了其均为溯河洄游的生境履历。Sr面分析结果也与上述Sr/Ca值的结果相印证。长江安徽和县江段刀鲚资源组成复杂, 群体可由纯淡水型和江海生活型的个体共同组成。 相似文献
2.
利用电子探针微区分析(EPMA)技术, 分析了2018年8月采自湖南省岳阳市洞庭湖畔水产市场2尾刀鲚(Coilia nasus)干制个体的矢耳石中锶和钙微化学特征。定量线分析结果显示, 2尾样本的耳石锶钙比值(Sr/Ca×1000)波动显著, 从耳石核心到边缘可分别出现对应淡水生境的锶钙比值<3的低值区, 对应于半咸水生境的3—7高值区和再次为对应于淡水生境<3的低值区。面分布分析结果更直观显示两尾刀鲚个体的耳石从核心到边缘对应于不同盐度生境的锶含量变化图谱, 即从耳石核心到边缘可分别出现对应于淡水生境的蓝色区域, 对应长江口外半咸水生境的黄绿色区域和再次对应于淡水生境的蓝色区域。这种淡水-半咸水-淡水的生境转换显示出了上述个体的典型溯河洄游生活史“履历”。研究显示目前距长江河口约1400 km的洞庭湖中仍可能存在溯河洄游型刀鲚个体。 相似文献
3.
为了分析乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)的洄游生态类型及生境履历, 采用X射线电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究了2013年12月、2014年1月黑龙江干流2尾和松花江干流2尾乌苏里白鲑矢耳石的锶(Sr)、钙(Ca)元素微化学特征。定量线分析结果显示, 乌苏里白鲑耳石锶钙比值(Sr/Ca×103)波动显著, 具有对应淡水生活的低值区(小于5), 而且还有对应咸水生活的高值区(大于10), 显示了乌苏里白鲑的溯河洄游履历; 耳石元素面分析结果也显示乌苏里白鲑的淡水-咸水洄游的特征。结合耳石年轮特征分析, 乌苏里白鲑具有年度(季节)洄游特征, 部分群体有规律在淡水-咸水中季节洄游, 不同个体在淡水、咸水之间停留时间存在较大差异。研究表明, 乌苏里白鲑伴随着季节性洄游特征, 具有江海或者淡水-河口之间洄游的履历。 相似文献
4.
利用电子显微探针元素分析技术,对江苏吕泗近岸海域小黄鱼矢耳石的Sr和Ca微化学特征进行了研究.结果表明: Sr含量在小黄鱼耳石的矢状面上呈非均匀分布,总体为核心部位高,其余部分明显降低.核心高Sr区域的Sr/Ca比值为(7.10±1.00),其余部分为(4.79±1.01),两者差异极显著.后者部分个体存在Sr含量更低的区域,Sr/Ca比值为(3.51±0.76).基于这些结果重建了吕泗近岸小黄鱼的生境履历: 它们在孵化及初期发育阶段生活在高盐度生境,随后的生长和发育过程则会洄游至盐度稍低的生境;部分个体的早期发育阶段还会选择利用更低盐度的生境. 相似文献
5.
《生命科学》2015,(7)
水环境中化学元素会有规律性地在鱼类耳石上沉积。耳石可作为生境"指纹"标签的独特属性使其更能有效地应用于鱼类资源时空动态的研究。现针对了解较少的海洋鱼类耳石微化学所涉及的主要元素,综述了Sr:Ca值和多元素组合在这些鱼类生活史重建、迁移模式反演和资源种群识别上的研究进展。进展显示,海水中Sr:Ca值的微小变化可以通过在海洋鱼类耳石中的元素积累而放大,有助于把握鱼类的种间差异或种内不同发育阶段个体的差异。耳石中多元素组合的分析,亦可有效解释海洋鱼类生活史不同阶段间的生境转换和洄游特征,甚至"破译"复杂的资源种群结构。耳石微化学在海洋鱼类养护研究上具有极大的潜力,相关研究需要在我国得到更多的重视和更大的支持。 相似文献
6.
长江刀鲚与池塘人工养殖刀鲚性腺发育的初步观察 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2006~2008年间采集了长江刀鲚(Coilia nasus)及池塘养殖刀鲚共104尾,对其生物学指标进行了测定,并对不同月份、不同江段的刀鲚性腺发育状况进行了初步比较观察。组织切片观察显示:在江阴段长江刀鲚从4~7月份卵巢从Ⅱ期发育到Ⅳ期;同一时期(7月份)安庆段刀鲚精巢和卵巢的成熟系数略高于江阴段,但差异不大。池塘养殖雄性刀鲚在6月、9月基本处于增殖期,精小叶腔中存在一定量的精子细胞,但未见性成熟个体。对于雌性,在12月份卵巢处于Ⅱ期,而6月份卵巢能发育至Ⅳ期晚期,此时卵巢的成熟系数显著高于同年5月份江阴长江刀鲚和7月份安庆段刀鲚。综合组织切片结果认为:长江刀鲚的性腺发育成熟度可能与所处江段关系不大,而不同洄游群体的性腺发育情况可能相同;在人工池塘养殖状态下,部分刀鲚的卵巢至少能够发育到Ⅳ期晚期。 相似文献
7.
为了解长江安徽江段刀鲚耳石的形态特征和尝试识别不同群体,研究选用基于地标点的几何形态测量学手段,对不同年份采于长江安徽安庆、铜陵江段长颌鲚和短颌鲚2种生态表型的5个群体刀鲚矢耳石形态差异性进行了比较研究。基于12个地标点,将其坐标进行相对扭曲主成分分析及判别分析,经薄板样条分析和网格变形,使其耳石形态变异矢量可视化。结果显示,在相对扭曲主成分分析中,提取的地标点中多为Ⅱ类地标点,其贡献率为69.48%,说明Ⅱ类地标点是耳石形态差异的主要来源。5个群体刀鲚判别分析的综合判别准确率为95.6%,表明这些刀鲚群体耳石形态的差异总体显著。这种差异显著性尤其存在于长颌鲚与短颌鲚生态表型间及长颌鲚和短颌鲚不同群体间,显示出刀鲚不同生态表型分化及其群体间差异性已可体现在耳石的形态特征上。上述发现可为长江十年禁渔前后安徽江段刀鲚群体组成和群体差异性的客观评价提供理论支撑。 相似文献
8.
由于对淡水环境的适应和江湖阻隔,部分洄游型刀鲚(Coilia nasus)分化成淡水型和陆封型,为寻找区分洄游型、淡水型和陆封型这3种生态型刀鲚的寄生虫标志,并分析其寄生蠕虫群落结构特征,本文调查了3种生态型刀鲚鳃部、胃、肠和幽门盲囊中寄生蠕虫的种类和感染情况。共发现10种寄生虫,包括鳃上3种单殖吸虫:林氏异钩铗虫(Heteromazocraes lingmueni)、细长嗜鳀虫(Helciferus tenuis)和长江中华钩铗虫(Sinomazocraes changjiangensis);胃部1种复殖吸虫:鲚套茎吸虫(Elytrophallus coiliae);肠道3种线虫:简单异尖线虫(Anisakis simplex)、对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum sp.)和胃瘤线虫(Eustrongylides sp.),以及肠和幽门盲囊的3种棘头虫:陈氏刺棘虫(Acanthosentis cheni)、鲇异吻钩棘头虫(Arhythmacanthus parasiluri)、长江傲刺棘头虫(Brentisentis yangtzensis)。林氏异钩铗虫和陈氏刺棘虫在3种生态型的刀鲚中都有较高的感染率和平均丰度;海水性寄生虫细长嗜鳀虫、鲚套茎吸虫和对盲囊线虫只感染洄游型刀鲚,可作为区分洄游型刀鲚的寄生虫标志;淡水性寄生虫长江中华钩铗虫、鲇异吻钩棘头虫和长江傲刺棘头虫只在淡水型刀鲚中发现,可作为淡水型刀鲚的寄生虫标志。洄游型刀鲚的物种丰富度和Brillouin多样性最高,分别在1.25和0.19以上,淡水型刀鲚的较低,分别为0.79~1.12和0.10~0.12,陆封型刀鲚的最低,分别在0.66和0.02以下,这主要是由于淡水型和陆封型刀鲚中海水性寄生虫大部分丢失,以及淡水性寄生虫感染率和平均丰度都较低造成的。盐度降低和中间宿主缺乏是导致淡水型和陆封型刀鲚中海水性寄生虫丢失的主要原因;而淡水性寄生虫较低的感染水平可能是由于其对新宿主的适应时间较短;地理隔离可能是陆封型刀鲚中寄生虫群落多样性最低的另一重要原因。 相似文献
9.
《生态学杂志》2020,(9)
为了解长江口近岸水域鮻耳石的元素组成特征,采用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱法对长江口近岸水域1~6年龄的13个鮻样本的耳石进行了检测。结果表明:鮻耳石中共检测到47种元素,含量前10位的元素依次为钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、锶(Sr)、铁(Fe)、钡(Ba)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)和锂(Li)。其中,Ca是含量最高且最稳定的元素,占检出元素总量的98.9%。鮻耳石含量前10位的元素在雌雄间不存在显著性差异(P0.05),表明雌雄间存在相同的生活履历。基于耳石核心区Sr和Ca的含量比值,推测长江口近岸水域鮻的产卵孵化场位于潮间带淡水和半咸水水域。研究结果为长江口鮻的生境履历重建提供了基础数据和参考。 相似文献
10.
《水生生物学报》2015,(5)
以长江刀鲚(Coilia nasus)洄游前幼鱼和洄游后成鱼为对象,通过PCR-DGGE指纹技术探讨长江刀鲚菌群多样性及受洄游路径周围环境影响之后的稳定性。结果显示,PCR-DGGE指纹谱带丰富,共显示出70条可鉴别条带,其中长江水体谱带数(28)高于洄游后刀鲚鳃(26)、胃(26)、肠道壁(20)、肠道内容物(21)和洄游前刀鲚鳃(21)、胃(20)、肠道壁(11)、肠道内容物(13),洄游后刀鲚成鱼体内各对应部位菌群数显著高于洄游前刀鲚幼鱼。UPGMA聚类和PCA结果显示不同样品之间差异显著,虽长江水体与洄游后刀鲚鳃、胃及肠道内容物样品在聚类图上聚为一簇,但其菌群结构的相似度较低,分别为43%、35%和28%。成功克隆测序其中43条条带,主要包含α-变形菌(25.6%)、β-变形菌(7%)、γ-变形菌(16.3%)、放线菌(25.6%)、厚菌门(9.3%)、拟杆菌(7%)、柔膜菌门(4.6%)、绿弯菌(2.3%)和未定义菌(2.3%)。以上结果表明长江刀鲚体内不同部位及其在洄游前后不同阶段,菌群结构存在显著差异,并受环境和宿主双层因素影响。 相似文献
11.
T. R. Deason P. C. Silva S. Watanabe G. L. Floyd 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1991,177(3-4):213-219
Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris
Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia.
Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class. 相似文献
12.
Roots ofHectorella caespitosa
Hook. f. were induced to produce a red pigment which was shown to be a betalain and not an anthocyanin. These data indicate thatHectorella belongs to theChenopodiineae, the betalain suborder of theCentrospermae, and excludes alignment with the anthocyanin family theCaryophyllaceae. 相似文献
13.
Forest succession following fire in a forest mosaic of northwestern Quebec has been studied in order to: (1) describe the successional pathways using communities of different ages and (2) evaluate convergence of successional pathways and possible effect of fire suppression on the establishment of steady-state communities. As a first step, ordination and classification techniques were used in order to remove changes in forest composition which are related to abiotic conditions. Then, ordinations based on tree diameter distributions were used to study shifts in species composition in relation to time since the last fire.Even under similar abiotic conditions, successional pathways are numerous. However, regardless of forest composition after fire, most stands show convergence toward dominance of Thuja occidentalis and Picea mariana on xeric sites and dominance of Abies balsamea and Thuja occidentalis on more mesic sites. Stable communities of >300 yr occur on xeric sites while on mesic sites directional succession still occurs after 224 yr. Nearly all species involved in succession are present in the first 50 yr following fire. Only Abies balsamea and Thuja occidentalis increase significantly in frequency during succession. Following initial establishment, successional processes can generally be explained by species longevity and shade tolerance. Early successional species may be abundant in the canopy for more than 200 yr while the rapid decrease of Picea glauca, a late successional species could be related to spruce budworm outbreaks. Considering the short fire rotation observed (about 150 yr), a steady-state forest is unlikely to occur under natural conditions, though it may be possible if fire is controlled. 相似文献
14.
Yves Goussault Christopher D Warren Birgitte Bugge Roger W Jeanloz 《Glycoconjugate journal》1986,3(3):239-245
A simple method for the preparative resolution of three Man3GlcNAc2 isomers called Ia, Ib and II has been designed. It consists mainly of the use of concanavalin A-Sepharose which allowed the total purification of Man3GlcNAc2-Ia, and then of anion-exchange resin in borate buffer-gradient to separate the Ib and II isomers. The purity of each oligosaccharide was checked by two HPLC methods. The use of these oligosaccharides for different analytical and biosynthetic purposes is discussed, and the unexpected resistance of one of the Man3GlcNAc2 alditols to the action of endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase H is noted. 相似文献
15.
Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domains represent two of the most abundant sequence elements in metazoan proteomes. Despite this prevalence, comparatively few molecules containing both LRR and Ig (LIG) modules exist, and fewer still have been functionally defined. One LIG whose function has been investigated is the Drosophila protein Kekkon1 (Kek1). In vivo studies have demonstrated a role for Kek1 in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling and have suggested a role in neuronal pathfinding. Kek1 is the founding member of the Kek family, a group of six Drosophila transmembrane proteins that contain seven LRRs and a single Ig in their extracellular domains. While this arrangement of domains predicts a possible role as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), to date little is known about the function or evolutionary relationship of these additional Kek molecules. Here we report that orthologs of Kek1, Kek2, Kek5, and Kek6 exist in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, and the honeybee, Apis mellifera, indicating that this family has been conserved for ~300 million years of evolutionary time. Comparative sequence analyses reveal remarkable identity among these orthologs, primarily in their extracellular regions. In contrast, the intracellular regions are more divergent, exhibiting only small pockets of conservation. In addition, we provide support for the general notion that these molecules may share common functions as CAMs, by demonstrating that Kek family members can form homotypic and heterotypic complexes.Edited by D. TautzChristina M. MacLaren, Timothy A. Evans and Diego Alvarado contributed equally to this work 相似文献
16.
Stephen P. Mayfield Michèle Schirmer-Rahire Gerhard Frank Herbert Zuber Jean-David Rochaix 《Plant molecular biology》1989,12(6):683-693
The sequences of the nuclear genes of the 33 kDa (OEE1) and the 16 kDa (OEE3) polypeptides of the oxygen evolving complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been established. Comparison between the OEE1 protein sequences of C. reinhardtii and higher plants and cyanobacteria reveals 67 and 47% homology. In contrast, C. reinhardtii and higher plants have only 28% overall homology for OEE3 which is mostly limited to the central portion of the protein. The transit peptides of the C. reinhardtii proteins consist of 52 (OEE1) and, most likely, 51 (OEE1) amino acids. They have a basic amino terminal region and, at least in the case of OEE1, a hydrophobic segment at their carboxy terminal end typical of thylakoid lumen proteins. Comparison of the genomic and cDNA clones indicates that the OEE1 and OEE3 genes contain five and four introns, respectively, some of which are located within the coding sequences of the transit peptides. 相似文献
17.
We evaluated 151 coded isolates of medically important yeast species belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Rhodoturula, Saccharomyces and Torulopsis using the newly developed rapid Pro-Lab Identification Ring, PL 960 system (PLID-Ring). All isolates were concurrently identified by the API 20C and conventional procedures comprising macro- and micromorphology, assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen compounds. The PLID-Ring system identified isolates of Candida albicans, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Torulopsis glabrata with 100% accuracy in 24 h. This system identified C guilliermondii and S. cerevisiae isolates with an accuracy of 90% and 86%, respectively, while those belonging to Cr. neoformans, T. candida (= C. famata), C. rugosa and C. tropicalis were identified with 38.4%, 50%, 12.5% and 50% accuracy, respectively. Three isolates of Cr. laurentii were not identified by the PLID-Ring system. The overall accuracy of the PLID-Ring system was 81.45% (123 of 151 isolates). However, the system does not include species such as Cr. laurentii in its data base. When these three Cr. laurentii isolates were excluded from the evaluation, the accuracy of the PLID-Ring system increased from 81.45% to 83.1%. 相似文献
18.
Deniz Tasdemir Reto Brun Scott G. Franzblau Yükselen Sezgin Ihsan als 《Phytomedicine》2008,15(3):209-215
Resin glycosides are secondary metabolites exclusive to the convolvulaceous plants. In this study, crypthophilic acids A–C (1–3), the first resin glycosides occurring in another family (Scrophulariaceae), and the other constituents of Scrophularia cryptophila were examined for in vitro antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial potentials. Except for crypthophilic acid B (2), all tested compounds exhibited growth-inhibitory effect against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, with l-tryptophan (6) and buddlejasaponin III (7) being the most potent ones (IC50's 4.1 and 9.7 μg/ml). In contrast, the activity towards Trypanosoma cruzi was poor, and only crypthophilic acid C (3), 6 and 7 were trypanocidal at concentrations above 40 μg/ml. With the exception of 2 and 6, all compounds were active against Leishmania donovani. Harpagide (4) and 3 emerged as the best leishmanicidal agents (IC50's 2.0 and 5.8 μg/ml). Only compounds 3, 6 and 7 showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 4.2, 16.6 and 22.4 μg/ml. Overall the best and broadest spectrum activity was presented by compounds 3 and 7, as they inhibited all four parasitic protozoa. None of the isolates had significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MICs >100 μg/ml) or were toxic towards mammalian (L6) cells. This is the first report of antiprotozoal activity for natural resin glycosides, as well as for harpagide (4), acetylharpagide (5), tryptophan (6) and buddlejasaponin III (7). 相似文献
19.
B. A. Wood 《Human Evolution》2000,15(1-2):39-49
The genusHomo was established by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. During the course of the past 150 years, the addition of fossil species to the
genusHomo has resulted in a genus that, according to the taxonomic interpretation, could span as much time as 2.5 Myr, and include
as many as ten species. This paper reviews the fossil evidence for each of the species involved, and sets out the case for
their inclusion inHomo. It suggests that while the case for the inclusion of some species in the genus (e.g.Homo erectus) is well-supported, in the case of two of the species,Homo habilis andHomo rudolfensis, the case for their inclusion is much weaker. Neither the cladistic evidence, nor evidence about adaptation suggest a particularly
close relationship with laterHomo. 相似文献
20.
Cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities among genera of anaerobic fungi when grown on glucose, xylan and the cellulosic substrates, filter paper and Avicel were compared. All the fungi had basal extracellular fibrolytic activities that could be enhanced by growth on xylan or the cellulosic substrates. However,Piromyces communisstrain 22 andNeocallimastix patriciarumstrain 27 had substantially greater levels of fibrolytic activity thanOrpinomyces joyoniistrain 19-2 orNeocallimastix frontalisstrain RE1. Zymogram analysis suggested both structural and regulatory differences amongst the enzyme systems of the fungi. Numerous and varied enzyme bands were evidenced for all the fungi, with substantial substrate influences seen in the xylanase activities. Most commonly the smaller molecular weight bands, found exclusively extracellularly, appeared under the greatest regulatory control. Endoglucanase activities ofP. communisandO. joyoniidemonstrated similar regulatory control, while those of the twoNeocallimastixstrains did not appear to exert such control. These results suggest that while the enzymatic activities are functionally similar, there are likely significant variations in the enzyme systems of the anaerobic fungi. 相似文献