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柿子滩遗址第9地点(S9)位于山西省吉县柏山寺乡高楼河村黄河支流的清水河畔,西距黄河约7 km。从2000年发现至今,该遗址前后历经三次发掘,出土大量细石叶制品、动物化石、数件蚌制品、骨针及磨制石器等。本文重点对S9地点第4 层(12,575-11,600 cal. BP)及第5层(13,000 cal. BP)出土的动物遗存,尤其是其中测量尺寸在2cm以下的大量烧骨进行了埋藏学与动物考古学方面的观察和分析。研究结果显示,S9地点的烧骨是古人类烧烤猎物、维护遗址(甚至可能还包括以骨骼作燃料)等生存行为活动的文化残留。此外,S9地点出土烧骨的空间分布分析表明,古人类在上述行为活动之后,可能又将烧灼后的残存骨骼(与灰烬等)清理出火塘并堆放在其核心生活区的周边位置。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了陶寺遗址石制品复制实验的目的、方法、过程和结果,其中,过程部分主要介绍了磨制石器的复制。结果部分主要是通过实验考察了陶寺遗址磨制石器生产所需的几种工艺,以及这些工艺的操作所需的工具、时间等因素。文章认为,陶寺遗址磨制石器的制作过程简单,一般只需打片和磨两个步骤。磨比较简单易操作,只是比较耗费时间;而打片相对于打制石器来讲,要简单很多。因此,陶寺遗址磨制石器的制作工艺总体来讲比较简单易操作。 相似文献
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徐家城遗址是甘肃省新发现的含丰富旧石器文化遗物的遗址,主要埋藏于水洛河二级阶地上覆的马兰黄土中,年代在距今4.3~2.3万年间。徐家城遗址的拼合分析显示,4B、4C层剥片与石器加工行为是石制品空间分布形成的主要原因,但可能存在遗址使用时古人类对石制品位置改变的行为;4A层石制品零散分布可能反映了此时遗址处于古人类活动的边缘地带。遗址剥片方法以硬锤锤击法为主,石核剥片序列主要以转向为主,古人类对石料进行单层或多层开发;同时部分石器破碎后古人类可能对其进行再利用。平面分布显示发掘区内可能存在两个相对集中的剥片区域,并且古人类在同一区域剥片和加工石器。然因遗址石制品原料性质、发掘面积等局限性,拼合分析的优势并未在此项研究中尽现。今后此类研究应结合其他研究方法,综合多方面信息解释遗址形成过程、石器技术及遗址空间利用方式。 相似文献
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蔚县盆地地处泥河湾盆地(广义)东南部,其河湖相地层内保留丰富的早期人类活动信息,在研究中国北方更新世人类演化和生存行为领域具有重要意义。吉家庄遗址是近年来新发现和发掘的旧石器遗址,埋藏于吉家庄镇以北的河湖相地层内。遗址发现于2003年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所于2016年对其四个地点(JJZ-A、JJZ-B、JJZ-C和JJZ-D)进行考古发掘,揭露面积76m~2,出土190件石质标本和178件动物化石。遗址剖面堆积物以棕灰-棕黄-灰绿-灰黑色细砂、粉砂和黏土为主,文化遗物出自棕灰色-棕黄色细砂和粉砂层内。对代表性地点JJZ-B遗址成因(标本风化磨蚀状况、个体大小和空间聚集特征等)分析表明,遗址形成过程中仅受到湖泊片流改造且程度较弱。石制品原料均来自遗址东北约6km外的玉皇山,岩性以中基性火山岩为主。锤击法剥片和修理石器,剥片和修理相对较为彻底和精致,部分石片显示小台面且保留唇的特点,显示早期人类的石器技术相对泥河湾盆地早更新世模式1(Oldowan-like)工业较为进步。哺乳动物化石较破碎,地层对比显示古人类在该遗址活动的时间大致为中更新世。该遗址的发掘对研究古人类在蔚县盆地的生活方式以及探求泥河湾盆地古人类在早-中更新世石器技术演变及适应策略具有重要意义。 相似文献
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2014年6月9日~13日,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所(以下简称为古脊椎所)与宁夏文物考古研究所联合在宁夏灵武水洞沟遗址举办了\"旧石器遗址野外发掘数字化技术研讨班\",参加研讨班的人员除了有宁夏文物考古研究所、古脊椎所的相关人员外,还有来自三峡博物馆、中国科学院大学、西北大学、兰州大学、郑州大学、美国匹兹堡大 相似文献
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百渡遗址位于右江南岸,广西田东县附近, 在2002年发掘了700m2, 出土约1500件石制品。石制品类型包括石器、砾石、石锤、石核、石片、断块和碎片; 原料均为砾石, 岩性以砂岩为主; 石核包括单台面、双台面和多台面三种; 打片和加工石器均以锤击法为主, 单面加工; 石器类型有砍砸器、手镐、刮削器。从石制品的特征和组合看, 该遗址既是古人类的石器制造场所, 又是生产、生活的地方。其石制品与百色盆地第4级阶地网纹红土中的石制品有一定的差别, 表现出比较进步的性质。通过地质、地貌和出土遗物的对比分析判断, 遗址的年代可能为中更新世后段。 相似文献
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2004年,在配合宣城至杭州铁路复线工程文物调查时,在宣城市东南14km的孙埠镇洋山发现一处面积约100km^2的旧石器遗址。经试掘,发现了172件石制品。石制品主要埋藏在水阳江支流第2级阶地的网纹红土中,由于窑厂取土而使遗址遭到一定的破坏。遗址剖面地层由上向下可划分成4层:1)红色亚黏土,厚1.10m;2)红色亚黏土,含铁锰结核小球,厚0.60m;3)砾石层,含红色亚黏土,砾石磨园度较好,厚1.10m;4)网纹红色亚黏土,局部夹有砾石透镜体,厚9.60m;各层均含石制品,下与侏罗纪紫红色粉砂岩不整合。 相似文献
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SONG Yan-hua; SHI Jin-ming; SHEN Chen 《人类学学报》2011,30(02):115
This paper reports a preliminary study on technological process of making shell ornaments that were discovered from Shizitan, a microblade-industry Palaeolithic site complex in southwestern Shanxi, dated to 25000-10000 BP. Five finished shell ornaments and 3 by-products were identified from cultural layers at different locations of the sites. Based on perforating techniques, these shell ornaments are classified into \"drilled-perforation\" type and \"grounding-peroration\" type. Subsequently three methods of manufacturing processes are identified. The perforations seem to be larger in earlier period than in later period, reflecting the plausible changes of drilling techniques and possible different function over time. Also changes in morphological shapes of shell artifacts from flaked edges to polished edges were possibly in coincidence with changes in use of drilling tools that were employed by flaked tools in the early period and by microblade tools in the late period, possibly suggesting a specialization of ornament production. 相似文献
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LI Jianjun 《人类学学报》2006,25(02):153
The Chuanfan Cave is one of two Paleolithic cave sites on the Wanshouyan Hill, a limestone hill with several caves and fissures situated about 17 km northwest of Sanming City, Fujian Province. Two Paleolithic cultural levels were recovered from the cave in 1999—2000. One of the significant archaeological discoveries at the site was an artificial pebble2paved living surface from the lower cultural level. This paper presents preliminary results of studies on the formation processes of the site and it stratigraphy based on information derived during the second excavation in 2004. <br>The formation processes of the Chuanfan Cave follow four stages. 11The cave functioned as a passage for drainage during the late Middle Pleistocene and deposits began to accumulate (Layers 26—22, see Table 1) . 21The accumulated deposits suffered serious breakage and new sediments rich in mammalian fossils formed new layers (Layers 21—17). 31A flood brought new materials to the cave , which became Layers 16—7. 41Ravines developed in the deposits as the result of water movement and later filled with sediments (Layers 6—1) . <br>Geological strata can be divided into four parts (from bottom to top) . Unit Ⅰ, late Middle Pleistocene deposits, gravel and sandy clay, with several kinds of fossil including Vespertolionidae, Petaurista sp., Niviventer sp., and Rhizomys sp.Unit Ⅱ, of early Late Pleistocene age, red-yellow clay and grayish green sandy clay, rich in mammalian fossils, such as Macaca robustus, Canis lupus, Coun dubius, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Ursus thibetanus, Meles suillus, Crocuta ultima, Crocuta spelaeus, Acinonyx sp. , Stegodon orientalis, Rhinoceros sinensis, Megatapirus augustus, Sus scrofa. Unit Ⅲ, late Late Pleistocene deposits , greenish gray clay with two cultural layers identified. AMS dating indicates that Layer 15 and Layer 8 were formed 37 ka BP and 29 ka BP, respectively. Unit Ⅳ, of Holocene age, with mixed deposits and yielding Song to Qing Dynasties cultural remains. 相似文献
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本文根据最近发掘所获资料,对万寿岩山船帆洞旧石器时代晚期遗址洞穴的形成过程、洞内地层划分以及与洞外沉积物关系等问题进行初步探讨。提出:船帆洞洞穴的发育明显与区域性断裂及岩体的剪切节理有关;洞内经历数次堆积和冲刷;依岩性、地层关系和哺乳动物化石组合,洞内堆积物可分为Ⅰ(中更新世晚期)、Ⅱ(晚更新世早期)、Ⅲ(晚更新世晚期)和Ⅳ(全新世)4个地层单元。 相似文献
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Ernst Kniprath 《Development genes and evolution》1980,188(3):201-204
Summary In the newly hatched larva ofMytilus galloprovincialis the larval shell field almost totally invaginates to form a shell gland. Only very few cells remain outside and they meet at one point. Only these cells secrete the pellicle, which in the beginning is protected by the glycocalyx and the microvilli of the surrounding cells. The invaginated cells do not participate in pellicle secretion. The secretion partly passes through infoldings of the apical cell membrane. Mineralization of each valve begins along the hinge line, continues to the valve margins and includes the valve centre. 相似文献
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Molluscs are commonly used as bioindicators because of their abundance, low motility and the information their shells record. Although in harbour areas gastropod shell deposition would be affected at an endocrinal level, which may increase their vulnerability, studies on the shell of gastropods are scarce. Bostrycapulus odites is a limpet species that possess those characteristics as well as a wide distribution. Limpets were collected in 2001 and 2011, in a channel polluted by both, harbour activities and leaching mine residuals, to compare to a 2011 sample from an unpolluted area within San Antonio Bay. The sensitivity to pollution of this species and the possibility of it use to detect changes in the environmental situation of an area in a 10 years period were investigated. Soft body wet weight and shell morphological variables were measured while shells were also analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy for microstructure and elemental composition, respectively. Maximum likelihood ratio test showed shells from the polluted channel were thicker as well as the same shells presented microstructure malformations and changes in elemental composition (lower Ca and O levels, higher C and Fe levels). The present results indicate that B. odites can be considered a useful bioindicator species to study these kinds of pollution and the potential processes implicated in shell alterations are discussed. 相似文献
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红眼寄居蟹在实验室和野外条件下对贝壳的利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrea de Lucca MEIRELES Fernando Luis MANTELATTO 《动物学报》2005,51(5):813-820
占据适宜的贝壳对于寄居蟹的发育、繁殖和存活至关重要。尽管很多研究探讨了蟹类对贝壳的选择,但寄居蟹选择多大的贝壳仍不清楚。在实验条件下,本文作者用巴西Anchieta岛上野生红眼寄居蟹( Pagurusbrevidactylus)最常利用的黑衣蟹守螺( Cerithium atratum)和节桑椹螺( Morula nodulosa)进行了贝壳选择实验,通过回归分析确定目标贝类及其大小。观察到寄居蟹对一种独特贝类的选择具有性别意义,从而验证了野外观察结果。雄性明显地倾向选择黑衣蟹守螺的贝壳,而产卵和非产卵的雌性个体对腹足类贝壳的选择差异不显著。尽管两性之间对适宜贝壳的选择存在差异,贝壳适宜度指数(SAI)表明,种群占据那些足够大的贝壳(SAI =1·20±0·23)。红眼寄居蟹对贝壳利用的这种模式可能是为了避免与体型相似同域物种的竞争,从而在后来的生长中减少频繁地更换贝壳。根据目前的数据可以得到以下结论:红眼寄居蟹对贝壳的选择不仅取决于贝壳的参数,而且还与寄居蟹的个体和性选择有关[动物学报51 (5) : 813 -820 , 2005]。 相似文献
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鸵鸟蛋皮串珠从旧石器时代开始成为人类主要的装饰品类型之一,提供人类行为和认知发展方面的重要线索,至今仍广泛流行于非洲的狩猎采集者社会中,充当个人和群体间信息通讯的媒介。本文将从鸵鸟蛋皮的结构和种属鉴定入手,系统介绍旧石器时代鸵鸟蛋皮串珠的发现,及民族学记录中鸵鸟蛋皮串珠的制作与使用,并对20世纪以来有关鸵鸟蛋皮串珠的考古学研究作以概述,以期对我国考古学的相关研究提供有价值的信息与帮助。 相似文献