苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3A在鳞翅目特异菌株中的表达及杀虫特性

将对鞘翅目昆虫有特异毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌cry3A基因电转化到只对鳞翅目昆虫有毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌野生型菌株YBT8031中,获得转化了BMBY001。SDSPAGE分析及镜检结果表明,cry3A基因可在该菌株中高效表达,但出发菌株中原有的cry1Ab、cry1Ac及cry2的表达则受到不同程度的影响。生物测定结果显示,转化子BMBY001对柳蓝叶甲(鞘翅目)具有较高毒力,LC50为0413μL/mL(浸叶法),对小菜蛾(鳞翅目)的毒力比野生受体菌YBT8031有所降低,LC50值为3319μL/mL。     

转化cry1C基因对苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫活性的影响

将含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电脉冲法转入含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电泳冲法转入含基因cry1Ab、cry1Ac和cry2的对小菜蛾具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌野生菌株YBT－803－1中,得到转化子MBMY－003。PCR和SDS－PAGE分析显示,cry1C可在其中正常复制、表达,但使受体菌部分内源质粒发生丢失。生物测定结果表明,转化子MBMY－003既对甜菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．178μL／mL,高于出发菌株YBT－803－1（LC501．879μL／mL）,也对小菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．968μL／mL,低于YBKT－803－1（LC501．143μL／mL）。表明cry1C转入后,提高了野生菌株YBT－803－1对甜菜夜蛾的毒力,却降低了对小菜蛾的毒力。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3A在鳞翅目特异菌株中的？…

将对鞘翅目昆虫有特异毒性的苏云芽孢杆菌ｃｒｙ３Ａ基因电转化到只对鳞翅目昆虫有毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌野隆型菌株ＹＢＴ８０３－１中,获得转了ＢＭＢＹ－００１。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析及镜检结果表明,ｃｒｙ３Ａ基因可在该菌株中高效表达,但出发菌株中原有的ｃｙｒ１Ａｂ、ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ及ｃｒｙ２的表达则受到不同程度的影响。生物测定结果显示,转子ＢＭＢＹ－００１对柳蓝叶甲（鞘翅目）具有较高毒力,ＬＣ５０为０．４１３μ     

利用整合载体构建苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫工程菌

利用由苏云金芽胞杆菌整合子Tn4 4 30衍生出的整合载体pBMB F7E ,克隆了对鳞翅目夜蛾科昆虫有毒力的杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry1C ,获得了整合重组质粒pBMB FLC。用电脉冲法将该重组质粒转入对鳞翅目昆虫高毒力的野生菌株YBT80 3 1,在 4 6℃下 ,经过约 12 0代转接培养后 ,筛选出在染色体基因组上整合了cry1C基因的重组子 ,整合频率约为 3 4× 10 -5。Southernblotting验证了cry1C在菌株YBT80 3 1中于染色体的不同的位点整合。生物测定结果显示 ,重组子BMB80 3 Z对小菜蛾的毒力与出发菌株无明显差异 ,而对甜菜夜蛾则较出发菌株高。     

转化cry3A基因对苏云金芽孢杆菌YBT—803—1生长特性的影响

将携带基因cry3A的质粒通过电脉冲法转入苏云金芽孢杆菌野生菌株YBT-803-1后,对该菌的生长产生了一定的影响.结果表明,转入cry3A基因后,转化子BMBY-003的生长速度与出发菌株YBT-803-1相比虽无明显变化,但产生杀虫晶体蛋白的时间较出发菌株延迟6～8h,且最适温度提高为33℃,而对葡萄糖等14种碳源和谷氨酸等12种氮源的利用能力与出发菌株无明显差异.     

转化crylC基因对苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫活性的影响

将含基因crylC的质粒 ,通过电脉冲法转入含基因CrylC的质粒 ,通过电脉冲法转入含基因CrylAb、CrylAc和cry2的对小菜蛾具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌野生菌株YBT-803-1中 ,得到转化子BMBY-003。PCR和SDS PAGE分析显示 ,CrylC可在其中正常复制、表达 ,但使受体菌部分内源质粒发生丢失。生物测定结果表明 ,转化子BMBY-003既对甜菜夜蛾有毒力 ,LC₅₀ 值     

特异性杀虫基因Bt cry3A在桑粒肩天牛幼虫两种肠道常驻内生菌中的转化和表达

[目的]将特异性杀虫毒蛋白基因Bt cry3A转入桑粒肩天牛(Apriona germari Hope,Ag)幼虫肠道常驻内生菌中,构建能在天牛幼虫肠道中定殖并表达特异性杀虫基因Bt cry3A的工程菌.[方法]以传统方法和16S rDNA分子生物学分析等方法分离、鉴定Ag幼虫肠道优势的常驻内生菌,从中筛选出适合转化的候选菌株.利用电转化技术将含有对鞘翅目昆虫具专一性毒力Bt cry3A基因的Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis穿梭表达质粒pHT305a和pHT7911分别转入Ag幼虫肠道常驻内生菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis Ag12,Ag12)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis Ag13,Ag13)中.[结果]从Ag幼虫肠道共分离获得18个不同种的可培养细菌菌株,并从中选取菌株Ag12和Ag13作为出发菌株转入Bt cry3A基因.经质粒稳定性试验、转化子生长特性测试、伴胞晶体电镜检测、毒蛋白SDS-PAGE分析、工程菌定殖性分析以及生物毒力测试,结果显示cry3A基因已经成功转入Ag幼虫的常驻内生菌短短芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌中,并且工程菌Ag12-305a、Ag13-305a、Ag 12-7911和Ag13-7911都能在天牛幼虫肠道内稳定生长、繁殖并表达分子量约65kDa的伴孢晶体杀虫蛋白Cry3A.[结论]Bt cry3A基因已成功转入桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道优势常驻内生菌中,获得了四株能在桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道内定殖,并能表达目的杀虫基因Btcry3A的转基因工程菌.     

小菜蛾高效Bt菌株的分离、生化特性及基因型鉴定

从哈尔滨田间采集死亡小菜蛾Plutella xylostella（L.）幼虫,从中分离出10株苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis。对小菜蛾幼虫室内生物测定结果表明,各菌株对小菜蛾幼虫的死亡率均在85%以上,其中DBW902毒力最强,48h的LC50为13.99mg/L。菌株cry/cyt基因检测表明,所有菌株均含有cry1A或cry2A基因,这与其高毒力的特性基本吻合。生化检测与分析表明,菌株DBW904、DBW93、DBW962与已报道的苏云金芽孢杆菌山东亚种B.thuringiensis subsp.shandongiensis的生化特性一致,但是其它菌株的生理生化特性与已报道菌株有区别。     

31株苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因型鉴定及表达产物研究

利用已建立的苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因的PCRRFLP鉴定体系,鉴定了31株Bt菌株的cry基因类型,并进行了SDSPAGE分析和杀虫生物活性测定。研究表明：25株含cry1基因,表达蛋白130～150kD;其中16株含有对鞘翅目和鳞翅目害虫皆有活性的cry1I基因,其表达蛋白为81kD;15株同时含有cry1和cry2基因(13株表达蛋白约为60kD);10株含有未知待定基因;6株不含所鉴定的cry基因(其中2株有表达产物)。室内生物测定表明：cry1、cry2基因表达的菌株对鳞翅目害虫具有高杀虫活性,7株对舞毒蛾和膜翅目——杨叶蜂幼虫具有较高杀虫活性;含有cry1Aa\,cry1Ac\,cry2或cry1Ab\,cry1Ac\,cry2基因组合的菌株对棉铃虫幼虫均显示杀虫活性,其中6、12、30号菌株毒力最强。不含上述cry基因的菌株均无杀虫活性。以上结果证明,通过cry基因类型鉴定和表达产物的SDSPAGE分析可以预测菌株的杀虫活性。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀线虫伴胞晶体蛋白基因cry6Aa的克隆与表达

通过对晶体蛋白N-末端氨基酸测序,设计简并探针,从对根结线虫高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1518菌株中克隆到1个含有杀线虫晶体蛋白基因的片段。序列测定表明该序列含有两个ORF(orf1和orf2),其中orf1与基因cry6Aa1同源性为98%,已在GenBank上登录(Acc.NO.AF499736),并被命名为cry6Aa2。将克隆的该片段克隆到穿梭载体pHT304上,并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株可形成米粒状伴胞晶体。生物测定表明,表达的毒素蛋白对北方根结线虫的LC50为9.47μg/mL,毒力与出发菌株(10.74μg/mL)相当。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.