椰心叶甲的耐寒力测定

测定椰心叶甲Brontispalongissima(Gestro)的过冷却点和结冰点。各虫态中过冷却点值以卵和蛹最低,分别为-9.8℃和-9.0℃,成虫较高,雌、雄成虫分别为-5.9℃和-5.5℃;幼虫的过冷却点最高,平均为-4.5℃。结冰点由高到低依次为2龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、4龄幼虫、1龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、雄成虫、雌成虫、蛹和卵,分别为-0.3,-0.8,-1.1,-1.3,-1.3,-2.4,-2.7,-5.4和-5.5℃。综合分析认为,蛹、卵的耐寒能力最强。根据广东地区常年平均气温分析了在自然条件下该虫各虫态越冬情况,但由于生物学特性的限制,越冬虫态主要是成虫、蛹。     

芦笋木蠹蛾的生物学特性

芦笋木蠹蛾Isoceras sibirica(Alpheraky)是危害芦笋的重要害虫。该虫在山西省运城市1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在土中结薄茧越冬。翌年3~4月老熟幼虫由深土层上移至地表土壤结茧化蛹。4月中下旬为化蛹高峰。5月上中旬为蛹羽化高峰期。6月上旬为卵孵化高峰期。幼虫为害期为5月下旬至10月下旬。对该虫的形态、生活习性和发生规律作了描述和报道。     

第一代棉红铃虫幼虫化蛹习性初步观察

<正> 近几年,我们在开展棉红铃虫Pectinophoragossypiella(Saunders)综合防治研究的过程中,发现第一代红铃虫形成虫花后,除一部分幼虫留在虫花内化蛹外,相当数量的幼虫不知去向。查阅有关资料,多数记载第一代红铃虫幼虫老熟后一般留在虫花内化蛹;少数资料介绍,主要留在虫花内化蛹,少量也可入土化蛹。为此,我们从1981年开始,对第一代红铃虫幼虫化蛹习性作了初步观察。     

幼虫密度和温度对水芹叶象甲未成熟阶段生长发育的影响

[目的]为明确不同幼虫密度和不同温度条件对水芹叶象甲Hypera sp.未成熟阶段生长发育的影响.[方法]在室内条件下对不同幼虫饲养密度和不同温度条件饲养的水芹叶象甲未成熟阶段(卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹)的存活和生长发育进行研究.[结果]幼虫密度对水芹叶象甲幼虫、预蛹和蛹的存活和生长发育均具有显著影响.水芹叶象甲幼虫、预蛹和蛹在50头/盒的密度条件下的存活率均显著高于其它密度条件,且发育历期显著短于其它密度条件.此外,各密度条件下的雌蛹重均显著重于雄蛹重,但性比(♀/♂)不受密度条件的影响.温度条件对水芹叶象甲卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹的存活和生长发育亦均具有显著影响.27℃条件下的幼虫和蛹的存活率均显著高于其它温度条件,1龄幼虫在30℃条件下的存活率显著高于其它温度条件,而3龄幼虫在27℃条件下的存活率显著高于其它温度条件,但温度条件对2龄幼虫的存活率无显著影响.水芹叶象甲各龄期幼虫及各虫态的发育历期随着温度升高而显著缩短.[结论]幼虫饲养密度和温度是影响水芹叶象甲种群变化的重要因子,这将为分析水芹叶象甲种群动态变化规律,以 及提高该虫的预测预报和综合防控水平提供依据.     

橘小实蝇快速检疫鉴定方法

采用形态学观察与PCR技术相结合的方法,针对台湾水果中截获的可疑橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis(Hendel)幼虫和蛹进行快速鉴定。采用异硫氰酸胍方法快速提取昆虫基因组DNA,并根据特异性引物,采用PCR技术从截获的可疑橘小实蝇幼虫和蛹样本中均扩增得到224 bp的特异性条带,经测序比较发现,扩增产物序列与橘小实蝇目的基因序列完全相同,由此证明可疑样本为橘小实蝇的幼虫和蛹。该方法解决了橘小实蝇幼虫和蛹等未成熟虫态的快速检疫难题,大大缩短了检测周期,值得口岸检验检疫借鉴应用。     

挪威南部地区蚁形郭公虫(Thanasimus formicarius)生活史(英文)

在自然和实验条件下,对蚁形郭公虫（Thanasimusformiyarius（L）生活史及有关生物学进行了研究。基于逐月野外调查结果,报道了蚁形郭公虫群飞期,以及该虫的卵、幼虫、蛹、预蛹和成虫等各发育阶段的历期。研究结果表明,蚁形郭公虫在挪威南部地区的生活史长达2年零4个月。在生活史的第1年里,该幼虫在受害的挪威云杉树基的蛹穴内越冬;成虫于次年羽化并逐步发育成熟。这些成虫将在树干裂缝中越冬,然后于第3年春产卵繁殖。研究揭示,在挪威南部地区,蚁形郭公虫的发生期与多种小蠹虫的危害期吻合。     

三点列黄边龙虱幼虫的呼吸系统与生物学特性

对龙虱幼虫的气门结构及体内气管、气囊的构造和分布进行了解剖、描述。通过饲养 ,对龙虱幼虫的栖境、食性、生长发育虫期、残杀性 ,化蛹等行为习性进行了较系统的观察研究。该虫在田间每年2代。     

灰钝额斑螟的生物学特性

灰钝额斑螟Bazaria turensis Ragonot是柴达木盆地白刺(Nitraria sp.)灌丛的主要害虫,为了有效控制该害虫对白刺的危害,采用室内饲养和田间定点观察,对灰钝额斑螟进行了生物学特性观察。结果表明灰钝额斑螟在柴达木盆地1年发生1代,有卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫4种虫态,通过头壳宽确定了幼虫为5个虫龄,以滞育蛹越冬。翌年5月中旬开始羽化,5月下旬为羽化高峰期,6月中旬孵化,6月下旬为孵化盛期,8月上旬开始结茧化蛹,8月中旬结茧化蛹高峰期,随后蛹进入滞育越冬。6月下旬初龄幼虫发生盛期是该害虫防治的最佳时期。     

菜青虫不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶性质比较

初步比较了菜青虫Pieris rapae (L.)不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase)的性质。结果表明,不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶活力有很大的不同,其中以5龄幼虫酶活力最高,蛹酶活力最低。酶活力大小依次为： 5龄幼虫> 预蛹>4龄幼虫>3龄幼虫>蛹。以邻苯二酚为底物,研究了pH对多酚氧化酶活力的影响,结果表明酶催化底物氧化均有一个最适pH区域,不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶最适pH基本相同,其值为7.0±0.2 。不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶催化底物氧化的最适温度有很大的差异。3龄、4龄、5龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹的多酚氧化酶活力的最适温度分别为36.0±0.5℃、38.5±1.0℃、43.0±1.0℃、45.5±1.0℃和50.0±1.5℃,说明蛹期的多酚氧化酶活力的最适温度较高。进一步比较催化底物氧化反应的活化能,测得3龄、4龄、5龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹的多酚氧化酶活化能分别为：4 3.10±0.28、36.50±0.27、25.79±0.32、30.10±0.21和58.88±0.39 kJ/mol 。通过测定不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶催化邻苯二酚和L-多巴氧化反应的动力学特征参数,比较了不同虫期的酶对底物的亲和力。     

蕾鹿蛾生物学特性及防治

蕾鹿蛾是黑荆树的一种重要害虫。该虫在福建南平一年发生3代,以幼虫越冬,翌年4月下旬开始化蛹本文描述了该虫的形态特征,记述了它的生活史、生活习性、天敌种类,提出了防治方法。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.