非常规酵母基因工程表达系统

非常规酵母系指除了酿酒酵母与粟裂殖酵母之外的酵母曹。非常规酵母可利用其自主复制序列构建载体,但整合载体是进行外源基因导入的主要方式。非常规酵母的转化有一定的宿主范围,可采用与酿酒酵母相同的方法,最常用的仍为化学法。高效表达元件可利用酿酒酵母的强启动子,也可以根据非常规酵母菌的代谢特点寻找强启动子．本文综述了近年来应用非常规酵母基因表达系统表达外源基因的一些实例。     

重组蛋白质在酵母表达体系中的高效表达策略

酵母由于其本身的一些优良特性和容易操作性,可以高水平表达重组蛋白,近年来已经有多个酵母表达的蛋白质多肽类药物上市。作为宿主的酵母最常用的是毕赤氏酵母和酿酒酵母。本文对酵母的一般特性、酵母表达操作、密码子、载体和表达策略、两种不同酵母表达系统的特点等进行了论述,供研究者进行酵母高效表达体系的选择与操作参考。     

酿酒酵母表达和纯化功能性的铁载体合成蛋白PchE

[目的] 利用酿酒酵母表达系统,通过乙醇脱氢酶启动子异源表达细菌源的铁载体合成蛋白PchE,并与来源于枯草芽孢杆菌的泛酰化酶Sfp同宿主共表达,探索真核表达体系表达具有生化活性的细菌源蛋白。[方法] 从大肠杆菌BAP 1染色体上扩增sfp基因,将pchE基因及串联的pchE与sfp基因分别构建到酵母-大肠杆菌穿梭质粒pXW55中,各自转化酿酒酵母BJ5464-npgA表达,经过亲和层析和离子交换层析纯化蛋白,利用HPLC检测细菌源与酵母源表达的PchE在体外重构生化反应中的催化活性。[结果] 利用酿酒酵母表达系统可以获得高纯度的原核蛋白PchE。真菌源的泛酰化基因NpgA和细菌源的Sfp,均可泛酰化修饰PchE,合成中间产物HPT-Cys。[结论] 在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ5464-npgA表达系统中,首次证明真菌源的泛酰化基因NpgA和细菌源的Sfp,均可泛酰化修饰细菌源的非核糖体肽合酶。比较酵母和细菌宿主的目标蛋白表达,证明酵母表达的巨大蛋白PchE的纯度更高,非特异性条带减少,推测酵母宿主可能更适合表达纯化功能性的巨型蛋白质。     

酿酒酵母表达系统

酿酒酵母是单细胞真核微生物,人们以酿酒酵母为宿主菌,用载体表达外源基因的过程中,积累了丰富的经验,掌握了酿酒酵母表达的许多优缺点,如它繁殖速度快,可以大规模发酵生产,但在发酵过程中会产生乙醇,而乙醇在培养基中积累会影响酵母的生长代谢和基因产物的表达,尤其是进行高密度发酵时该效应更明显;针对这些缺点,可以采取积极的应对措施.主要就酿酒酵母表达系统的组成、优缺点及高效表达的策略等作一综述.     

毕赤酵母外源基因表达系统研究进展

巴斯德毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris外源基因表达系统已经成功表达了很多胞间型和胞内型蛋白质。与酿酒酵母Saccharomyces ceresiviae相比,该系统所具有的很多优势使其应用越来越广泛。有关研究主要涉及以下几个方面：宿主菌株,表达载体,转化方法,外源基因整合,外源蛋白糖基化和高密度发酵培养等。     

嗜肺军团菌类真核效应蛋白LegK3抑制酿酒酵母的生长并影响其小泡运输途径

【目的】为了探索嗜肺军团菌类真核效应蛋白LegK3的功能,并进一步筛选得到其在宿主细胞内的作用靶点,我们利用酿酒酵母作为替代模型研究LegK3对宿主细胞的毒力效应,并针对其作用途径进行了初步分析。【方法】设计引物完整扩增LegK3、RalF、LidA的ORF,其中已知效应蛋白RalF、LidA基因作为对照实验组;扩增片段与酵母表达载体pESC-HK连接构建成重组载体,转化酿酒酵母菌株W303-1A,使用含2%半乳糖的选择培养基进行诱导培养,分别观察酵母细胞的生长抑制和CPY延迟情况;提取诱导前、后的酵母菌体总蛋白用c-myc抗体检测效应蛋白的表达情况;用anti-PGK、anti-CPY抗体检测酿酒酵母CPY的延迟情况。【结果】表达LegK3的酵母菌株出现了生长抑制的现象,并且CPY的成熟受到延迟影响。【结论】LegK3的异源表达能够抑制酿酒酵母的生长并延迟其囊泡蛋白CPY的成熟,推测LegK3可能通过作用于小泡运输途径来抑制真核宿主细胞的生长和分裂,以维持适合嗜肺军团菌繁殖的稳定胞内环境。     

基因工程菌表达D-氨基酸氧化酶研究进展

用分子克隆手段获得D-氨基酸氧化酶基因后,对其在不同表达系统如大肠杆菌系统、酿酒酵母和克鲁维乳酸酵母、博伊丁假丝酵母、巴斯德毕赤氏酵母系统及动物细胞内的表达作了介绍。     

基于启动子和宿主改造的酿酒酵母表达系统优化研究

生物医药领域中一套高效表达系统对于重组蛋白的生产至关重要。酿酒酵母作为一种食品级真核微生物,具有繁殖迅速、培养简单、遗传操作便捷等特点,是生产重组蛋白较理想的表达系统之一。对实验室已有的p HR酿酒酵母表达系统进行优化。分别通过易错PCR技术和菌株诱变技术对酿酒酵母启动子PTEF和宿主酿酒酵母Y16进行突变改造,经筛选、鉴定获得表达性能提高的启动子PTEFV1和酿酒酵母Y16-E14、Y16-E19。随后,利用启动子PTEFV1构建以Y16-E14为宿主的p HR-N酿酒酵母表达系统,以绿色荧光蛋白和人血清白蛋白为对象,比较表达系统改造前后性能变化。结果显示p HR-N酿酒酵母表达系统无论胞内表达绿色荧光蛋白还是分泌表达人血清白蛋白的能力均较改造前明显提高。p HR-N系统为获得更多具有重要应用价值的重组蛋白提供了有利的工具。     

一种具有应用价值的基因工程表达系统

基因工程技术的目的是使外源基因在受体细胞内按人们期望的方式进行表达,表达系统是基因工程的关键。原核生物表达系统已为人们所深入了解并被广泛应用。真核生物表达系统一度发展缓慢,随着人们对真核生物如酿酒酵母Ｕ山ｃｃｈａｒｏａｐｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖ０。ｅ）遗传表达机制的深入了解以及实验手段的不断提高,其基因工程表达系统也建立起来了。但是,人们发现酿酒酵母作为一种基因工程表达系统存在一些局限性川,因为酿酒酵母是以发酵为主的酵母,在采用常规的通气发酵条件下其所能达到的生长速度和密度并不高。所以表达外源基因很难达…     

hGH消化道途径转基因的研究

消化道途径转基因过程方便、快捷、易适应,可为基因治疗提供全新的模式。为了研究人 生长激素(bGH)基因的经消化道途径转基因过程,实验首先应用ECHO克隆系统。在供载体 pUni-hGH和宿主载体pcDNA4／TO-E的基础上,构建出hGH的哺乳动物表达载体pcDNA4-hGH;然 后结合酿酒酵母表达载体pESC-URA,构建出hGH的酵母-哺乳动物穿梭栽体pESC-CMV-hGH,测 序鉴定后转化酿酒酵母。用阳性重组酵母对小鼠进行灌胃免疫实验,间接ELISA方法在实验组 小鼠的血清中检测到抗hGH抗体的存在。结果证实hGH基因可通过消化道途径转进小鼠体细 胞并进行表达,初步证明了hGH的消化道基因治疗的可行性。     

A combined yeast/bacteria two-hybrid system: development and evaluation

Two-hybrid screening is a standard method used to identify and characterize protein-protein interactions and has become an integral component of many proteomic investigations. The two-hybrid system was initially developed using yeast as a host organism. However, bacterial two-hybrid systems have also become common laboratory tools and are preferred in some circumstances, although yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems have never been directly compared. We describe here the development of a unified yeast and bacterial two-hybrid system in which a single bait expression plasmid is used in both organismal milieus. We use a series of leucine zipper fusion proteins of known affinities to compare interaction detection using both systems. Although both two-hybrid systems detected interactions within a comparable range of interaction affinities, each demonstrated unique advantages. The yeast system produced quantitative readout over a greater dynamic range than that observed with bacteria. However, the phenomenon of "autoactivation" by baits was less of a problem in the bacterial system than in the yeast. Both systems identified physiological interactors for a library screen with a cI-Ras test bait; however, non-identical interactors were obtained in yeast and bacterial screens. The ability to rapidly shift between yeast and bacterial systems provided by these new reagents should provide a marked advantage for two-hybrid investigations. In addition, the modified expression vectors we describe in this report should be useful for any application requiring facile expression of a protein of interest in both yeast and bacteria.     

Engineered yeasts as reporter systems for odorant detection

The functional expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) is a primary requirement to utilize olfactory detection systems. We have taken advantage of the functional similarities between signal transduction cascades in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells. The yeast pheromone response pathway has been adapted to allow ligand-dependent signaling of heterologous expressed G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) via mammalian or chimeric yeast/mammalian Galpha proteins. Two different strategies are reported here which offer a positive screen for functional pairs. The OR and Galpha protein are introduced into the modified yeast cells such that they hijack the pheromone response pathway usually resulting in cell cycle arrest. The first strategy utilizes ligand-induced expression of a FUS1-HIS3 reporter gene to permit growth on a selective medium lacking histidine; the second to induce ligand-dependent expression of a FUSI-Hph reporter gene, conferring resistance to hygromycin. Validation of the systems was performed using the rat 17 receptor response to a range of aldehyde odorants previously characterized as functional ligands. Of these only heptanal produced a positive growth response in the concentration range 5 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-6) M. Induction conditions appear to be critical for functional expression, and the solvents of odorants have a toxic effect for the highest odorant concentrations. The preference of rat 17 receptor for the ligand heptanal in yeast has to be compared to concurrent results obtained with mammalian expression systems.     

The yeast expression system for recombinant glycosyltransferases

Glycosyltransferases are increasingly being used for in vitro synthesis of oligosaccharides. Since these enzymes are difficult to purify from natural sources, expression systems for soluble forms of the recombinant enzymes have been developed. This review focuses on the current state of development of yeast expression systems. Two yeast species have mainly been used, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Safety and ease of fermentation are well recognized for S. cerevisiae as a biotechnological expression system; however, even soluble forms of recombinant glycosyltransferases are not secreted. In some cases, hyperglycosylation may occur. P. pastoris, by contrast, secrete soluble orthoglycosylated forms to the supernatant where they can be recovered in a highly purified form. The review also covers some basic features of yeast fermentation and describes in some detail those glycosyltransferases that have successfully been expressed in yeasts. These include beta1,4galactosyltransferase, alpha2,6sialyltransferase, alpha2,3sialyltransferase, alpha1,3fucosyltransferase III and VI and alpha1,2mannosyltransferase. Current efforts in introducing glycosylation systems of higher eukaryotes into yeasts are briefly addressed.     

酵母表达体系及其在抗体工程中的应用

酵母是最简单的真核生物,以其为宿主表达异源蛋白具有很大的优越性。近十几年来,各种各样的酵母表达体系陆续发展起来。本文介绍了两种酵母表达系统,并对现有的主要表达体系进行了比较。另外,本文还涉及到酵母在表达抗体或其片段方面的成功应用。     

裂殖酵母作为外源基因表达系统

虽然裂殖酵母与酿酒酵母同属于子囊真菌,但比其它的酵母相比,裂殖酵母与更高等的真核细胞有许多相似的性质,使得裂殖酵母在分子生物学研究中成为一种提供信息的、准确的真核实验模型.它在外源基因表达方面同样具有前景.主要介绍了裂殖酵母的优点,其表达载体的性质,以及外源蛋白表达的例子.     

Applications of yeast in biotechnology: protein production and genetic analysis.

Improvements in yeast expression systems, coupled with the development of yeast surface display and refinements in two-hybrid methodology, are expanding the role of yeasts in the process of understanding and engineering eukaryotic proteins.