中国蒿属植物比较形态和解剖学研究：（1）叶表皮结构

本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察国产菊科蒿属２亚属７组３０种代表植物成熟叶片的表皮细胞,气孔器,表皮毛的特征和气孔形状,气孔外拱盖及拱盖内缘,角质膜和蜡质纹饰。其中表皮细胞多角（边）形,大小不等,垂周壁平直,弓形,或者表皮细胞形状不规则,大小不等,垂周壁波浪状或波纹状。下表皮均有气孔,上表皮有或无气孔器,气孔器类型有无规则型,无规则四细胞型,不等细胞型,十字型,横列型和平列型。大多数种类具多细胞     

委陵菜属锥状花柱组植物叶表皮微形态特征的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,观察了新疆委陵菜属（Potentilla L.）锥状花柱组（Sect.Conostylae(Wolf)Yü et Li）15种委陵菜植物叶表皮的微形态特征。对其叶表皮毛的类型、表皮细胞的形状及大小、气孔器的分布、气孔器类型、气孔形状、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔外拱盖形态及其纹饰等指标进行分析：有几种植物叶的上表皮无气孔,而下表皮均有气孔器的分布,形状为长椭圆形、椭圆形、宽椭圆形和近圆形;气孔器的类型多为短平列四细胞型、无规则四细胞型、无规则型、围绕型和辐射型;表皮毛的类型为针状毛、带状柔毛和腺毛;表皮细胞分为不规则形和多边形;表皮毛特征、叶片表皮细胞的形状、垂周壁式样、气孔器的形状类型、气孔密度指数及蜡质纹饰等存在差异,可作为亚属间及种间分类的依据。     

新疆委陵菜属不同花柱组植物叶表皮微形态结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,观察了新疆委陵菜属5组不同花柱组10种4变种植物叶表皮的微形态特征,测量统计叶表皮毛的类型、表皮细胞的形状及大小、气孔器的分布及类型、气孔的形状、大小、密度及指数、气孔外拱盖形态及其纹饰等指标。结果显示:新疆委陵菜属10种4变种植物叶的下表皮均有气孔器的分布,形状为长椭圆形、椭圆形、宽椭圆形和近圆形;气孔器的类型多为无规则四细胞型、无规则型、围绕型和辐射型;表皮毛的类型为针状毛、带状柔毛和腺毛;表皮细胞的形状分为不规则形和多边形2种类型。研究表明,新疆委陵菜属植物表皮毛特征、叶片表皮细胞的形状、垂周壁式样、气孔器的形状类型、气孔密度指数及外围蜡质纹饰等存在差异,对属以下等级的划分有重要价值,可作为物种分类及鉴别的依据,同时也为本属一些分类群间的系统关系的探讨提供佐证。     

黑龙江悬钩子属植物叶表皮形态结构的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对黑龙江悬钩子属植物的叶表皮形态结构进行比较研究。结果显示:(1)悬钩子属植物叶的上表皮细胞呈多边形,垂周壁平直,或无规则形,垂周壁浅波纹;下表皮细胞无规则形,垂周壁浅波纹或深波纹。(2)表皮毛类型有单细胞直立不分支、卷曲不分支,头状腺毛和盾状腺毛四种类型。(3)气孔器均分布于下表皮,且气孔器类型为无规则形;气孔外拱盖单层、内缘平滑或不规则波状。研究表明,黑龙江悬钩子属植物的叶表皮微形态学特征表现出一定差异性,对种间的划分和鉴定具有一定的分类学意义。     

18种(1变型)鼠尾草属植物叶表皮及表皮毛微形态特征研究

鼠尾草属是唇形科中最大的属,全球有近1 000种。我国是鼠尾草属东亚分布中心,有84种,分布于全国各地,尤以西南地区最多。鼠尾草属植物具有很高的经济价值和观赏价值,但由于鼠尾草属植物分布广、种类多、形态变异大,给该属鉴定和分类学研究带来了很大的困难。此外,在采集和调查过程中发现弧隔鼠尾草亚属和荔枝草亚属的很多种类在营养生长期仅通过叶片很难鉴定。表皮毛是植物叶片上最常见的附属物,其分布特性和形态特征常作为植物鉴定和分类学研究的重要手段。该文利用光学显微镜和环境扫描电镜对18种和1变型共19份鼠尾草属植物的叶片类型、表皮细胞形状、垂周壁样式、气孔器类型和表皮毛等叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察和比较研究,为鼠尾草属的分类界定研究提供证据。结果表明:这19份鼠尾草属植物叶表皮和表皮毛形态特征在电子显微镜下表现出明显的多样性,叶表皮细胞形状为不规则形或多边形,垂周壁多数为浅波状或波状,少数为平直或弓形。气孔器为无规则型和不等细胞型,其中无规则型最为常见。样品叶表皮毛分为4个类型,盾状腺毛、头状腺毛、短非腺毛和长非腺毛。该属植物叶表皮的这些微形态特征,可为本属鉴定和分类学研究提供理论依据。     

29种中国野豌豆属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对29种野豌豆属植物叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察。结果显示:叶表皮细胞形状有无规则形和多边形2种,垂周壁式样有深波状、浅波状和平直-弓形;表皮角质层纹饰微形态多样,大多数植物叶片表面不具有腺毛或仅中脉有,少数植物叶片表面具腺毛;部分叶表皮上有柔毛,少数植物无毛。气孔器存在于上表皮、下表皮、或上下表皮均有,形状为椭圆形、卵圆形,均为无规则型。野豌豆属植物叶表皮的这些微形态特征,在属内组间没有明确的规律性,但可为探讨该属种间的分类学及亲缘关系提供依据。     

国产野豌豆属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对29种野豌豆属植物叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察。结果显示：叶表皮细胞形状有无规则形和多边形2种,垂周壁式样有深波状、浅波状和平直-弓形;表皮角质层纹饰微形态多样,大多数植物叶片表面不具有腺毛或仅中脉有,少数植物叶片表面具腺毛;部分叶表皮上有柔毛,少数植物无毛。气孔器存在于上表皮、下表皮、或上下表皮均有,形状为椭圆形、卵圆形,均为无规则型。野豌豆属植物叶表皮的这些微形态特征,在属内组间没有明确的规律性,但可为探讨本属种间的分类学及亲缘关系提供依据。     

24种鳞毛蕨科植物叶表皮形态特征的研究

该研究利用光学显微镜对鳞毛蕨科24种植物的叶表皮形态特征进行观察。结果表明:(1)24种鳞毛蕨科植物的上表皮细胞形状为长条形或不规则形,垂周壁为深波状或浅波状,下表皮细胞均为无规则形,垂周壁均为深波状;上表皮细胞长宽比在1.5~5.7之间,下表皮细胞长宽比在2.2~3.9之间。(2)在24种鳞毛蕨科植物中共观察到8种气孔器类型,分别为不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型、极细胞型、腋下细胞型、横列型、无规则型、聚腋下细胞型和聚合极细胞型,每种植物具有2~8种气孔器类型,气孔均为下生型,多为椭圆形;气孔的长宽比在1.2~1.8之间,气孔密度在17.4~86.0个/mm~2之间,气孔指数为8.60%~37.4%。(3)通过对24种鳞毛蕨科植物的观察可将其上表皮细胞形状、垂周壁形状、上表皮细胞长宽比、主要气孔器类型及衍生类型等作为叶表皮形态特征的分类依据。(4)根据叶表皮形态特征可将24种鳞毛蕨科植物分为2类:即耳蕨类和鳞毛蕨类。该研究在一定程度上支持秦仁昌分类系统对鳞毛蕨科的划分,为鳞毛蕨科植物的系统分类及演化研究提供基础资料。     

中国蓼属头状蓼组植物叶表皮微形态及其分类学意义

采用光学显微镜对中国蓼属头状蓼组17种7变种植物的叶片下表皮微形态进行了观察研究,结果表明,其叶片下表皮微形态特征分为4种类型:(1)气孔器类型为无规则型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状或深波状;(2)非典型不等型,偶有无规则型,表皮细胞多边形或不规则形,垂周壁弓形、波状或深波状;(3)平列型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁深波状;(4)平列型兼有非典型不等型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状。根据其叶片下表皮气孔器类型,结合该组植物形态、习性等特征,将中国蓼属头状蓼组植物划分为4个系,即掌裂叶系、多年生系、蓼子草系以及一年生直立系。     

国产柿属(Diospyros)的叶表皮形态研究及其分类学意义

为了解柿属(Diospyros)植物的叶表皮特征,在光学显微镜下观察了46种2变种植物的叶表皮微形态特征,并进行了主成分分析。结果表明,柿属植物的叶表皮微形态可分为2组：A组的表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁浅波状或深波状;B组的表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直或弓形。气孔全部位于下表皮,以无规则型为主,但同时有辐射型、环列型和十字型气孔存在。大多数种具有表皮毛,表皮毛有非腺毛和头状腺毛的区别。柿属植物的叶表皮微形态特征类型多样,能够为部分类群的分类提供较好的形态学证据。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.