皖南震旦系蓝田组沉积岩有机碳同位素记录

皖南地区震旦系蓝田组是新元古代冰期后形成的岩石地层,它的中下段以黑色页岩沉积为主,上段为白云质灰岩。黑色页岩段的分析结果表明：底部有机碳同位素数值较低(8^13Corg平均值为-31．9‰),总有机碳(TOC)和总有机氮(TON)含量处于较低值;在底部之上,有机碳同位素数值缓慢升高(从靠近底部的-32．6‰升至顶部的-28．3‰),而TOC和TON含量分别可达17．7％和2．7‰。这一分析结果应归于冰后期在缺氧条件下大量有机质埋藏所致。可以推测,这种变化从一个侧面反映了新元古代全球性大冰期结束后气候变化和生物演化规律：冰期结束之后,海洋中的低等浮游藻类的底栖藻类在温暖气候条件下得以繁盛,伴随着这些还原性有机碳的沉积并大量进入岩石圈中,藻类光合作用产生的氧气进入大气圈,可能正是由于有机碳的沉积导致的氧气含量升高促使了真核多细胞生物在此之后得到了大发展。蓝田组上段白云质灰岩分析结果表明：有机碳同位素和无机碳同位素分别呈现出较强的负漂移(8^13Corg：-26．8‰— -35．3‰;8^13Ccarb：-8．5‰— -10．2‰),而总有机碳(TOC)含量呈现明显降低趋势。这一变化趋势可能主要归之于沉积有机质的氧化作用。可以推测,随着新元古代全球性大冰期结束后气候变暖,海洋藻类大量繁殖,藻类的光合作用产生大量的O2,海水中O2／CO2比值上升,海洋沉积环境由缺氧逐渐向富氧条件转化。     

沉水植物稳定碳同位素组成及影响因素分析

青康公路沿线一些河流和湖泊中同种沉水植物－－龙须眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）的稳定碳同位组成（δ^13C）变化在－10.92‰-22.07‰之间,这些龙须眼子菜的δ^13C值大小为盐水湖＞淡水湖＞河流。根据沉水植物的碳同位素分馏模式,对影响龙须眼子菜碳同位素组成的环境因素进行了探讨。结果表明,龙须眼子菜的碳同位素组成受水体环境因素影响。     

UV—B辐射对大豆生长、产量和稳定碳同位素组成的影响

大田条件下,模拟20%的平流层臭氧层衰减时辐射到地表的紫外线B（UV-B,280-320nm)的增强。研究了10个大豆（Glycine max(L.)Merr.)品种根、茎、叶和种子的稳定碳同位素组成（δ^13C)、生物量、产量和收获指数的变化。UV-B辐射增加使所有品种的总生物量和产量分别平均下降24.2%和23.3%,10个品种的收获指数平均提高1.39%,其中6个品种的收获指数增加,4个减少。与对照相比,UV-B作用下9个品种叶、茎、根和种子中稳定碳同位素（δ^13C值）组成降低,一个品种“8907-32”各器官稳定碳同位素组成增加。δ^13C值存在器官差异。10个品种的对照组和处理组的δ^13C平均值由大到小的顺序是根、茎、种子和叶。结果表明,UV-B可能导致大豆代谢过程及代谢产物的分配发生变化。     

高山林线急尖长苞冷杉不同器官的稳定碳同位素组成分布特征

通过分析青藏高原东南部色季拉山林线物种急尖长苞冷杉不同年龄叶片、嫩枝、枝条、树干及根系的稳定碳同位素比值（6BC）及其空间分布特征,研究了植物光合作用后稳定碳同位素分馏及其影响因素．结果表明：植物不同器官δ^13C值差异显著（P〈0．001）,为树干（-24．19‰）〉枝条（-24．56‰）〉根部（-25．05‰）〉嫩枝（-25．12‰）〉叶片（-27．25‰）,说明从光合作用器官到非光合作用器官有明显的碳同位素分馏,且非光合作用器官之间也存在差异．随着急尖长苞冷杉叶片或嫩枝年龄的增加,叶片δ^13C值降低,而嫩枝δ^13C值升高（P〈0．01）．冠层上部叶片δ^13C值明显高于冠层下部（P〈0．01）,嫩枝δ^13C值则无显著性差异（P〉0．05）．远离树干2．5m的枝条δ^13C值有明显的高度变化（P〈0．01）,而离树干较近（1．5或0．5m）的枝条及树干在不同高度之间无差异（P〉0．05）．在同一冠层高度,随着与树干距离加大,枝条δ^13C值降低,且在中部和下部枝条尤为明显．说明林线地区冷杉光合作用后存在明显的碳同位素分馏;特定冠层高度树干与枝条生长所需的碳并不是全部来源于同高度的叶片光合作用合成的碳．     

中国全新世期间二次暖期对社会发展的影响

对第四纪地质研究工作者来说 ,全新世这一名词 ,一般是指一万年以来的时间为准 ,是在第四纪冰川之后的阶段。人类经过猿人、智人到现代人发展的历史时期。根据有关学者的研究 ,在我国一万年以来全新世气候与环境变化发展中 ,发生了二次暖期 ,它们是 :１．距今８５００ -３０００年间的大暖期。２．公元９００ -１３５０年间的中世纪暖期。（一）有关中国大暖期的研究 ,是在我国著名学者施雅风教授领导之下 ,由多学科交叉的研究 ,综合各种信息资料（孢粉、冰芯、古土壤、生物学、考古学及海岸变化等） ,首次阐明了距今８５００ -３０００年间…     

西北干旱区石羊河流域全新世早期植被与环境演化

西北干旱区石羊河流域终闾湖泊边缘三角城剖面湖相沉积物（10.0-6.3ka.B.P.）高分辨率（每样平均40－50a左右）孢粉分析揭示该流域全新世早期植被与气候环境变化过程是：全新世初期（10－9.8ka.B.P.）,温度、湿度开始上升,山上针叶林发育,该期持续较短时间后,温度、湿度下降（9.8-9.2ka.B.P.）,山上森林萎缩,山下荒漠范围扩大;此后是一个持续时间较长、波动的温度、湿度上升、植被发育状况逐步好转的过程（9.2-7.75ka.B.P.）;随后又是短暂的气候冷干、植被亚化阶段(7.75-7.25ka.B.P.）和一个相对持续时间较长,植被发育较好的暖湿期（7.25-6.3ka.B.P.）。石河流域全新世早期气候环境变化具有较强的不稳定性,每个相对暧湿期和冷干期中都有多个次一级的冷干、暖湿波动,植被也相应地随之变化。     

气候暖干化对甘肃省谷子产量的影响及对策

基于甘肃省甘州（河西温和干旱绿洲灌溉区）、安定（陇中温和半干旱旱作区）、西峰（陇东温和半湿润旱作区）气温、降水和谷子产量资料,计算出各区域谷子生育期内≥0 ℃、≥5 ℃、≥10 ℃、≥15 ℃、≥20 ℃活动积温以及生育关键期平均气温和降水量,用正交多项式拟合分离出谷子气候产量,并采用线性倾向、累积距平、Mann-Kendall法分析研究区气候和谷子气候产量的变化特征,以及气候变化对谷子产量的影响.结果表明：气候暖干化是甘肃各区域现代气候变化的主要特征,各地气温从20世纪90年代初开始呈显著上升趋势,降水从20世纪80年代后期开始显著减少;该区谷子产量与温度、降水量呈显著相关关系,旱作区谷子产量随生育关键期内气温增高、降水量增多而提高,河西走廊绿洲灌区谷子产量随气温增高而提高;气候暖干化严重影响谷子产量,西峰、安定、甘州谷子产量的气象波动指数分别占实际产量变异系数的73%、72%和54%,变暖后（1993-2008年）较变暖前（1985-1992年）所占百分率明显增大;气候变暖有利于谷子产量增加,与气候变暖前相比,气候变暖后西峰、安定、甘州谷子年均气候产量的增加量分别为30.6、43.1和121.1 kg·hm^-2.针对甘肃省未来气候继续暖干化的趋势,应进一步扩大谷子种植面积、调整谷子种植结构,同时,要根据不同气候类型区域、不同气候年型选种不同特性的品种,采取不同的种植措施.     

太湖全新世沉积物有机碳同位素的分布及其古气候意义

通过太湖两个钻孔岩芯有机碳同位素（＾１３Ｃ／＾１２Ｃ）的分析,发现δ＾１３Ｃ的垂直分布与太湖地区１６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来古气候波动相关。根据δ＾１３Ｃ垂直分布曲线可推测,大约在１１０００－６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,太湖地区处于温暖湿润期,气温高于现在平均温度,另一方面,根据太湖两岩芯沉积物的δ＾１３Ｃ值的对比发现,大约在１１０００－６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,西太湖（Ｗ１Ｂ）岩芯沉积物的δ＾１３Ｃ平均值明显高于     

太湖全新世沉积物有机联同位素的分布及其古气侯意义

通过太湖两个钻孔岩芯有机碳同位素（１３Ｃ／１２Ｃ）的分析,发现δ１３Ｃ的垂直分布与太湖地区１６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来古气候波动相关。根据δ１３Ｃ垂直分布曲线可推测,大约在１１０００—６０００ａＢ．Ｐ,太湖地区处于温暖湿润期,气温高于现在平均温度。另一方面,根据太湖两岩芯沉积物的δ１３Ｃ值的对比发现,大约在１１０００—６０００ａＢ．Ｐ,西太湖（Ｗ１Ｂ）岩芯沉积物的δ１３Ｃ平均值明显高于东太湖（Ｅ２Ｂ）。据此可认为,在这一期间西太湖很可能有过海水侵入。     

海南岛南岸全新世海相贝类及其气候特征

海南岛南岸中全新世海相软体动物共有６７属１１６种,简要描述其中２６属３２种。根据海南岛南岸海滩岩及其贝类（６７属１１６种）的研究和１４Ｃ测年数据、氧稳定同位素值,认为该区在中全新世（距今５１８０±１９０至３３３３±１１４年）期间处于热带气候带,并有相对冷暖变化的阶段性波动;在距今３３３３±１１４年,似乎出现降温征兆。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.