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1.
赵伟  刘强 《昆虫知识》2010,47(1):177-182
对中国特有植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)植株上昆虫群落进行调查和多样性特征分析,共采得四合木上昆虫标本1935号,隶属于8目42个科(或总科)136种。包括同翅目、膜翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、缨翅目、直翅目和脉翅目的种类。同翅目昆虫在数量上占有绝对的优势,达67.96%。膜翅目丰富度最高,有59种;优势类群(>10%)是叶蝉,常见类群(1%~10%)包括小蜂、粒脉蜡蝉、天牛、蚂蚁、皮蝽、蚜虫和盲蝽等。调查所得昆虫群落中植食性昆虫有59种共1610只,丰富度和个体数量在群落中占有绝对的优势。其中尤以吸食类昆虫为最,其个体数量和优势度指数最大,但均匀度最低。寄生性天敌昆虫在群落中多样性最大,优势度最低,多为膜翅目种类。中性昆虫优势度指数较高。捕食性昆虫物种丰富度和个体数量较小,但多样性高,仅次于寄生性昆虫。  相似文献   

2.
为明确丹参田花期昆虫群落结构,本文采用马氏网对丹参花期的昆虫进行收集,分类鉴定后开展群落结构及多样性分析。结果表明,丹参花期共收集到昆虫5 438头,隶属于膜翅目Hymenoptera、双翅目Diptera、半翅目Hemiptera、鳞翅目Lepidoptera、鞘翅目Coleoptera、直翅目Orthoptera、脉翅目Neuroptera 7目52科,双翅目、膜翅目昆虫为优势类群,群落丰盛度、丰富度指数较高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数较为稳定,Simpson优势度指数较低,可见丹参田花期昆虫种群结构较为稳定。  相似文献   

3.
吉林蛟河阔叶红松林地表甲虫多样性时间动态分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
阔叶红松林是长白山林区代表性植被类型,具有较高的生物多样性。研究吉林蛟河阔叶红松林中地表甲虫多样性的时间动态,比较优势类群对时间变化的响应,为森林中地表甲虫的保护与利用提供科学依据。在2012—2013年5月中旬至8月下旬整个地表甲虫的活跃期,利用巴氏罐法在吉林蛟河阔叶红松林4个样地中共采集地表甲虫9849头,隶属于22个科79种,步甲科Carabidae、埋葬甲科Silphidae和隐翅虫科Staphylinidae为优势类群。地表甲虫的物种数、个体数和多样性指数均在7月上旬时达到最高,时间对个体数有显著影响(P0.05)。地表甲虫多样性各指数间相关性较低,个别种类对环境变化比较敏感。步甲科个体数在7月上旬显著高于其他时间,物种数与个体数的时间动态不一致,步甲科对8月上旬的适应能力强于埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科。埋葬甲科在7月上旬个体数量极显著高于其他各时间(P0.01),物种数与个体数的时间动态相一致。埋葬甲科对7月下旬适应能力强于隐翅虫科,其对时间变化的反应最敏感,当环境条件适宜时,其数量能够迅速增加。不同时间隐翅虫科的物种数与个体数变化相对较小,对时间变化的敏感程度最低。由于生活习性的特殊化,使得捕食性和腐食性地表甲虫活跃的高峰期也可能与被捕食者在各时期的数量有关。  相似文献   

4.
访花和传粉昆虫对于维持生态系统功能具有重要作用,但我国相关昆虫类群的本底数据非常缺乏。作为基于特定基因序列的物种划分方法, DNA条形码在标本鉴定、新物种发现、生物多样性保护、种群遗传和进化等研究领域具有重要的应用价值。本文报道了福建戴云山国家级自然保护区双翅目、膜翅目和鞘翅目3个类群访花昆虫的815条线粒体COI条形码数据,并详细提供了所获样品的海拔分布信息。该数据集可为地区性昆虫多样性的DNA条形码数据库构建、隐存种发现、海拔梯度物种遗传多样性和生物多样性保护等方面研究提供帮助。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究湖南省永州地区夏秋季常见嗜尸性昆虫及螺类的种类及其群落演替,运用观察法研究2007—2009年永州地区夏秋季家兔尸上常见嗜尸性昆虫种类变化及其演替。结果表明,该地区家兔尸体上发现部分昆虫纲和腹足纲的嗜尸性昆虫,昆虫纲主要涉及双翅目和鞘翅目的部分昆虫,其中双翅目6科14种,主要有蝇科的孕幼家蝇、斑蹠黑蝇、厚环黑蝇;丽蝇科的丝光绿蝇、叉叶绿蝇、亮绿蝇、大头金蝇和绯颜裸金蝇、白头裸金蝇;麻蝇科的棕尾别麻蝇、酱亚麻蝇;鼓翅蝇科1种;潜蝇科的Phytomyza thalictrella;果蝇科的Drosophila cuaso;鞘翅目5科8种,主要有大黑葬甲、Silpha carinata、Nicrophorus fossor、双色葬甲;蜣螂科的金龟子;步甲科的毛婪步甲和蠋步甲;拟步甲科;隐翅甲科的大黑隐翅虫、小隐翅虫;膜翅目2科3种,蚁科的路舍蚁;胡蜂科的墨胸胡蜂、黑盾胡蜂;鳞翅目的丝兰蛾;腹足纲的钉螺。上述嗜尸性昆虫及螺类在兔尸上出现的时间和部位表现出较强的规律性。研究结果可望为法医在湖南省永州地区对尸体的死亡时间和地点推测提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
为明确河北省石家庄市菜用大豆田节肢动物群落结构特点及其多样性,应用马来氏网,对该地区菜用大豆田的节肢动物进行采集及种类鉴定,并对其群落结构组成、主要类群发生动态进行研究。结果表明:石家庄市菜用大豆田中共诱集到各类节肢动物3纲11目94科255种6927头,其中唇足纲45头,弹尾纲31头,昆虫纲6851头。在昆虫纲中,数量从大到小顺序为:半翅目>双翅目>鞘翅目>缨翅目>鳞翅目>膜翅目>脉翅目>直翅目>蜻蜓目。主要类群包括叶蝉科、蚜科、蓟马科、夜蛾科、薪甲科、瓢甲科、蚜蝇科。叶蝉、蚜虫、蓟马、夜蛾和叶甲为优势害虫种群。蚜蝇、瓢虫为主要天敌。该地区菜用大豆田的节肢动物种类和个体数量均远多于其他地区大豆地块。多样性分析表明,石家庄市菜用大豆田的节肢动物群落结构多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均较高,说明该地区节肢动物群落具有较高稳定性。  相似文献   

7.
物种多样性是群落功能复杂性和稳定性的重要量度指标,不同干扰强度下物种多样性和生态位特征不同,人为干扰对传粉群落的影响可以通过群落结构和物种多样性的变化直接表现出来。在巩义市选取24个采样点,3种景观类型(农田、灌丛、林地)进行取样,共捕获传粉昆虫18576头,分属于14目,147科,双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目与缨翅目6个传粉功能群。为了解研究区人为干扰对传粉昆虫类群传粉类群及其生态位的影响,本研究选取双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目3类主要传粉昆虫作为研究对象,在景观类型分类与实际情况的基础上,依据人为干扰指数赋值表和干扰强度计算公式,分析不同干扰强度下传粉昆虫优势种群生态位特征情况,结果表明:各传粉类群在不同的干扰条件下物种多样性不同;作为优势类群的蠓科、胡蜂科,生态位宽度和生态位重叠均均值高于其他几个类群,且中度干扰强度下值最大,但其生态宽度值与生态重叠值之间没有明显的相关关系。  相似文献   

8.
南京禄口国际机场昆虫月际发生规律及其与鸟类关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
掌握机场鸟类发生与草坪昆虫种类及数量间的关系有助于从食物链角度控制机场鸟类数量,降低鸟击风险。2015年3—11月采用网捕法和陷阱法调查了南京禄口国际机场草坪地上和地表昆虫,通过机场鸟情日常巡视工作记录飞行区内的鸟类种类和数量,通过解剖捕获的机场鸟类标本的嗉囊和胃确定其食物种类。调查共采集和鉴定出昆虫纲13目99科123种,26221头,优势类群为半翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、革翅目和鞘翅目,优势科为网蝽、摇蚊、蚜科和长蝽。地上和地表昆虫群落的密度和物种丰富度的月际变化均为单峰模式,地上昆虫和地表昆虫的发生高峰分别在8月(10头·m~(-2)和59种)和9月(113头·杯~(-1)和36种)。日常巡视共记录鸟类9目21科41种,活动高峰期为7—10月。鸟类素囔和胃检结果表明,昆虫、豆科和禾本科种子是鸟类的主要食物来源。Pearson相关性分析表明,杂食性鸟类月际发生量与昆虫月际发生数量呈显著正相关(P0.05),并且也分别与直翅目、膜翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目昆虫的月际发生量呈显著正相关。广义线性回规模型结果表明,禄口机场3—11月的鸟类月际发生量可通过直翅目昆虫的月际发生数量进行预测。研究表明,禄口机场鸟类发生与草坪昆虫种类和数量密切相关,通过喷撒农药和定期割草等手段来降低禄口机场昆虫尤其是直翅目昆虫数量将有助于机场鸟击防范工作。  相似文献   

9.
南充高坪机场土壤及草丛动物群落特征和鸟类的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
机场鸟类是机场安全的重大隐患,减少机场附近鸟类数量是机场安全至关重要的一环.2007年4~12月,对南充高坪机场3种生境土壤动物和草丛动物群落组成、数量和季节性变化特征进行了初步的研究.调查共获得土壤动物25类,其中蜱螨目、原尾目、线虫纲为土壤动物群落优势类群,占年总捕获量的71.88%;常见类群有弹尾目、线蚓科、腹足纲、膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、蚯蚓、蜘蛛目,直翅目9类,占总捕获量的22.84%.地表草丛动物21类,其中半翅目、蜘蛛目、双翅目、腹足纲为地表草丛动物的优势类群,占年捕获量的65.7%;常见类群有直翅目、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目、鳞翅目、革翅目、弹尾目7类,占总捕获量的31.2%.将土壤动物群落、草丛动物群落与肉食性鸟类进行相关分析,结果显示土壤动物群落变化与肉食性鸟类群落之间有一定关系;草丛动物数量与肉食性数量鸟类呈现一定正相关性,机场肉食性鸟类数量与直翅目数量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.910,P=0.032).结合机场区域鸟类食性观察、分析,直翅目、腹足纲动物是机场肉食性鸟类数量的主要捕食对象,通过定期割草、消除腐草和杂物、喷洒农药控制地表草丛动物是减少机场区域肉食性鸟类数量的有效方法和途径.  相似文献   

10.
鞘翅目昆虫是陆地上最大的生物类群, 具有极为丰富的物种多样性和形态多样性, 在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用, 与人类社会生产密不可分。定期对世界鞘翅目新分类单元进行汇总整理, 有助于更好地了解鞘翅目多样性的发展动态, 从而促进对生态系统结构与功能的了解以及鞘翅目昆虫资源的开发与保护。本文对2020年发表的世界鞘翅目分类学文献进行了系统地整理与分析。结果表明, 2020年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类单元3,228个(含化石种类), 包括1个新科5个新亚科13个新族218个新属18个新亚属2,973个新种; 提出了1,319个新组合610个新异名49个降级的分类单元及61个升级的分类单元。重点研究的类群包括隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、天牛科(Cerambycidae)等。世界鞘翅目昆虫新物种模式标本产地涉及118个国家和地区, 大部分新物种分布于中国、巴西、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和越南。收录世界鞘翅目昆虫新发表种的论文/专著共995篇/部, 涉及期刊或出版社141个。2020年, 世界鞘翅目分类学取得了显著进展, 但同时也暴露了新种发现速度略慢于1978-2000年的平均速度以及地区和类群研究力度不均衡的问题, 未来仍需加大投入, 探寻更加高效准确的方法, 以期实现对全球生物多样性的全面评估和保护。  相似文献   

11.
为探明贵州玉米田昆虫群落结构和杀虫灯对害虫的防治效果,选取贵州玉米田3个具有代表性的点分别安装诱虫灯,进行诱集调查,并对近灯区(距离灯20 m以内)、远灯区(距离灯20~150 m)和对照区的昆虫种群消长情况进行田间调查。结果表明,贵州玉米田昆虫共有11目66科132种,主要为同翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、直翅目、双翅目和半翅目类昆虫;灯诱共获得89个种类,其中害虫占64.77%,益虫占15.91%,中性昆虫占19.32%。田间调查结果显示,近灯区物种丰富度最高,对照区次之,远灯区最低;近灯区玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis、黏虫Mythimna seperata (Walker)、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus和条赤须盲蝽Trigonotylus coelestialium (Kirkaldy)等趋光性昆虫的种群数量长期高于其他区域。综上所述,风吸式诱虫灯对玉米田害虫有较好的防治效果,为玉米田害虫的绿色防控提供了参考。  相似文献   

12.
本文研究了FWS-DBL-1新型太阳能灭虫器在320~580、360、400、460和520 nm 5种不同波长下对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性。结果表明:在5种波长下,灭虫器诱捕昆虫的种类相似,以鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、脉翅目、双翅目、直翅目和膜翅目等为主。诱捕的主要昆虫是蜉金龟Aphodius sp.、白云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov、额喙丽金龟Adoretus nigriforns Steven、毛喙丽金龟Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus、绣罗夜蛾Leucanitis picta Christoph和淘赏夜蛾Catocala puerpera Giorna等。其中:灭虫器在400 nm波长下的诱捕量最多,其次是320~580 nm和360 nm波长。综合分析比较:400 nm波长对鞘翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好,360 nm波长对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫的诱捕能力最强,520 nm波长对半翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好。对天敌的安全性研究表明:FWS-DBL-1太阳能灭虫器对天敌有一定的诱捕作用,益害比为1∶4~1∶5。诱捕量较多的是步甲科和草蛉科的天敌,占天敌总诱捕量的85.82%。在这5个波长中,360 nm波长下,灭虫器对天敌的诱捕作用最小,对天敌的安全性相对较高。  相似文献   

13.
广西扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠的食物选择   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
2002年3~10日在广西南宁地区的宁明县和龙州县,用超声波监测和网捕法确定扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠的捕食区,在捕食区内用粘捕法调查潜在的食物量;用粪便分析法确定食物组成。在宁明县和龙州县扁颅蝠和褐扁颅蝠的潜在食物量都是以双翅目昆虫为主(45.93%以上),其次为鞘翅目(12.59%以上)和膜翅目(7.47%以上);但双翅目、膜翅目在两地差异显著。宁明县扁颅蝠的食物组成以双翅目(40.33%)和膜翅目(38.46%)为主,鞘翅目(16.07%)次之;龙州县扁颅蝠和褐扁颅蝠食物组成中以膜翅目(63.37%,62.34%)为主,其次为双翅目(21.57%,29.62%)、鞘翅目(11.59%,5.96%);对比两地扁颅蝠的食物组成发现,膜翅目和双翅目差异极显著。对比食物组成与潜在食物量发现,两种蝙蝠对膜翅目为正选择,对其他目负选择或无选择,均为选择性捕食者。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract In Brazil, a severe dry season lasting for approximately 5 months and frequent fires make life difficult for cerrado insects. In certain aspects, the cerrado can be considered to be an understudied ecosystem; even basic information such as knowledge about the annual peak in abundance of different insect orders is unknown. Insect abundance patterns have only been investigated for a few groups in the cerrado region. Thus, our study concerns the temporal distribution of insect abundance in the savanna‐like vegetation of the central Brazilian cerrado (sensu stricto) in Distrito Federal. The region has a well‐defined, long dry season between May and September. The insects were sampled by window, malaise tent and pitfall traps within 1 year. We used a multiple linear regression to analyse the relationship between abundance of insects of each order and climate variables. A total of 50 127 individuals from 15 orders was collected. The orders were Coleoptera (26%), Hymenoptera (23%), Diptera (20.5%), Isoptera (20%), Homoptera (4%), Lepidoptera (4%), Orthoptera (1.5%) and Hemiptera (1%). The abundance of Diptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera was randomly distributed over time, Isoptera peaked in the first half of the wet season, Coleoptera and Hemiptera in the second half of the wet season and Hymenoptera in each season. A significant correlation was found only between Coleoptera and delayed climatic variables. There were no obvious trends that might help explain the abundance patterns observed. The study provides baseline information about phenological patterns of insect abundance and permits evaluation of this group as a resource for various food chains and different trophic levels.  相似文献   

15.
Anthropoentomophagic biodiversity of the Zongolica region, Veracruz, Mexico. During two and a half years (2003-2005) we recorded the insect species used as food at Zongolica, Veracruz State, Mexico. Interviews were made among people (200) of this municipality to know which insects they consumed. The total of registered species was 57 (Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Megaloptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera). The Orthoptera was the most frequently ingested. Twenty-four of these species were new records for edible insects of Mexico. They are eaten in immature stages or as adults, generally only roasted. Consumption is seasonal. Some species are commercialized in the "tianguis" (little town markets) and/or in the larger Zongolica market. There is a "protoculture" of three species, one cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabricius) and two moths (Latebraria amphipyroides Guenée and Arsenura armida armida Cramer). In Zongolica, anthropoentomophagy is an ancestral habit.  相似文献   

16.
Tropical forests are predicted to harbor most of the insect diversity on earth, but few studies have been conducted to characterize insect communities in tropical forests. One major limitation is the lack of consensus on methods for insect collection. Deciding which insect trap to use is an important consideration for ecologists and entomologists, yet to date few study has presented a quantitative comparison of the results generated by standardized methods in tropical insect communities. Here, we investigate the relative performance of two flight interception traps, the windowpane trap, and the more widely used malaise trap, across a broad gradient of lowland forest types in French Guiana. The windowpane trap consistently collected significantly more Coleoptera and Blattaria than the malaise trap, which proved most effective for Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were not well represented using either trap, suggesting the need for additional methods such as bait traps and light traps. Our results of contrasting trap performance among insect orders underscore the need for complementary trapping strategies using multiple methods for community surveys in tropical forests.  相似文献   

17.
Thirty-one species of microsporidia, isolated from insects and stored in liquid nitrogen for up to 25 yr, were infectious when removed from liquid nitrogen. The natural hosts of all of these microsporidia were terrestrial insects, representing six different insect orders: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera. All microsporidia from terrestrial insects that were tested survived storage in liquid nitrogen, while Nosema algerae , a microsporidium from aquatic mosquito hosts did not survive freezing in liquid nitrogen. A Nosema species from the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica , lost some infectivity in a water storage medium after 25 yr in liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen storage of microsporidian spores in 50% and 100% glycerol media reduced loss of infectivity and is recommended for extended storage of microsporidia from terrestrial insect hosts.  相似文献   

18.
The present work is designed to study diversity of five insect orders (viz., Hemiptera, Orthoptera, aculeate Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) in the industrial region of Haldia (India) and in non-industrial area of the same district and to evaluate the impact of industrialization on the biodiversity of those insect orders. The objective also extended to find out the possibility of existence of bioindicator, if any. Eight study sites were selected from the East part of Midnapur district covering 40 km aerial distance. Out of eight different study sites, five were distributed in and around Haldia industrial complex and three in industry-free area. During this study, a total of 120 species under 98 genera in 37 families of insects were collected. Binary data of 5 orders revealed that the species richness of Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera is higher in non-industrial zone in comparison to that of industrial zone. Aculeate Hymenoptera shows no particular trend whereas Coleoptera shows higher species richness in industrial areas. Results of multivariate analyses are compared with the species richness data for all the eight study sites. It is concluded that even in an apparently homogeneous ecological condition species richness may drastically change with the influence of industries. Total insect fauna decline by at least 23.33% is noticed in industrial areas. It is found that some species of lepidopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects are susceptible to industrial pollution and some of the members of these orders may be considered as a bioindicator group.  相似文献   

19.
189 species of insects from 55 families and 9 orders were found in the Kichiga River basin, northeastern Kamchatka Peninsula in 1987–1994: 7 species of Plecoptera, 7 of Odonata, 1 of Orthoptera, 4 of Homoptera, 6 of Heteroptera, 54 of Coleoptera, 73 of Lepidoptera, 15 of Hymenoptera, and 22 species of Diptera. Most of the insect species present in the Kichiga basin have wide ranges: 55 species and subspecies are Holarctic, 52 species have a broad Palaearctic distribution, 10 are Eastern Palaearctic, 8 are Amphi-Pacific, 8 are circumboreal or circumpolar, 4 are Far Eastern or Pacific; 5 species are endemic or subendemic to Kamchatka or some part of the peninsula.  相似文献   

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