大鼠部分肝切除前后热激处理对过氧化物酶基因表达的影响

用过氧化物酶原位复性电泳(SDS-POD-PAGE)技术分析了部分肝切除(partial hepatectomy,PH)、部分肝切除后再热激(partial hepatectomyfollowing heat shock,PH-HS)和先热激再部分肝切除(heat shock follow ing partial hepatectomy,HS-PH)后肝再生期间过氧化物酶(POD)基因表达差异,结果表明,PH中表达的POD基因种类(7个)>PH-HS(5个)>HS-PH(3个);三个模型的POD总活性为:HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.根据实验结果推测,POD在肝再生和肝损伤恢复中起一定作用。 Abstract:Expression difference of the peroxidase(POD)genes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy(PH),partial hepatectomy following heat shock(PH-HS)and heat shock following partial hepatectomy(HS-PH)was analyzed by POD renatured electrophoresis(SDS-POD-PAGE).The results showed that the expressed POD gene kinds in PH,PH-HS and HS-PH were 7,5 and 3 respectively,and that the total activities of POD in the three models were HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.The results suggested that POD play some roles during liver regeneration and in recovery after liver damage.     

转萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1提高毕赤酵母抗盐性

为探讨转萝卜过氧化物酶基因（Rsprx1）提高毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)抗盐性机理,用不同浓度NaCl处理转基因酵母GSRP25和野生型酵母GS115,检测菌体生长、相对无机盐含量、过氧化物酶活性和同工酶谱及某些抗性基因表达．实验结果表明,在YPD培养条件下,转基因酵母的过氧化物酶活性和菌体生长速率高于野生型酵母,其过氧化氢酶（CTT1）、热休克蛋白（Hsp12）、Rsprx1基因表达和K+/Na+比值均高于野生型．醛脱氢酶（ALD3）的mRNA表达在两者之间没有差异．在BMMY培养条件下,转基因酵母菌体生长速率和过氧化物酶活性显著高于野生型酵母．因此,转基因酵母通过增加过氧化物酶基因表达提高过氧化物酶活性,改变细胞的某些基因表达和无机盐相对含量,从而提高酵母抗盐能力．     

转GhB301基因烟草的防御酶活性及抗病相关基因表达分析

为了明确棉花ERF-B3亚族转录因子基因GhB301在烟草异位表达后(抗枯萎病中)的功能,该研究以过表达GhB301基因烟草和野生型烟草为材料,采用枯萎病菌孢子悬浮液接菌方法,分析病原菌侵染前后防御酶活性变化以及防卫相关基因的表达变化与抗病性的关系。结果显示:(1)棉花枯萎病菌处理15d后,2个转基因株系烟草叶片黄化程度与野生型相比较轻。(2)棉花枯萎病菌处理后,过表达GhB301转基因烟草和野生型烟草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性较未接菌对照显著提高,并且酶活峰值出现均早于野生型材料;转基因材料叶片的POD、PAL、PPO活性均在处理3d后达到峰值,而野生型材料叶片的POD、PAL活性在处理5d后才达到峰值。(3)接种棉花枯萎病菌后活性氧相关基因、乙烯(ET)/茉莉酸(JA)途径相关基因、病程相关基因的表达量在转基因株系OE1和OE2中均受到明显影响。研究推测,GhB301在烟草中的异位表达激活了防卫相关基因的表达,提高了防御酶的活性,从而增强了烟草对枯萎病菌的抗性。     

AhAO2转基因拟南芥植株抗旱生理分析

目的:研究AhAO2基因对拟南芥抗旱生理的影响.方法:以转AhAO2基因拟南芥(AO2 -1 -4、AO2 -3 -7、AO2 -8 -1)为实验材料,通过植物根长、相对含水量、气孔开度和抗氧化酶比活力指标的综合评定,分析超表达AhAO2基因对拟南芥抗旱生理的影响.结果:在PEG胁迫下,AO2 -1 -4、AO2 -3 -7、AO2 -8 -1植株体内相对含水量分别比野生型高2.1％、1.3％和1.6％;超表达植株AO2 -1 -4、AO2 -3 -7、AO2 -8 -1抗氧化酶POD酶比活力较野生型提高73.1％、66.2％和74.4％,SOD酶比活力较野生型提高64.6％、80.5％和43.1％.而野生型的气孔开度在正常生长和PEG胁迫的条件下均低于超表达拟南芥株系.AhAO2转基因植株可能通过提高抗氧化酶活性提升了抗旱能力.     

通过染色体外同源重组建立乳腺中表达外源基因的转基因小鼠

为研究染色体外重组方法在创建转基因动物中的应用,选取牛asl酪蛋白基因的5′及3′侧翼区和氯霉素乙酰化酶编码区,构建了两个具有3 kb相互重叠的融合基因.将这两个DNA片段末端脱磷酸后,以摩尔比1:1的比例混合,通过显微注射导入小鼠受精原核,最后获得了11个品系的转基因小鼠.对其中10个品系的小鼠的整合分析表明,所注射的两个DNA片段均发生了染色体外同源重组,而且除了 1个品系的小鼠丢失了大约1kb的序列外,其余品系小鼠的重组产物与预想的结构符合.在当代和后代的转基因小鼠乳汁中均可测到氯霉素乙酰化酶的活性.这表明融合基因在转基因小鼠乳腺中得到表达和分泌,也说明显微共注射两个相互重叠的基因片段是建立转基因动物的一个可行途径.     

木枣叶片再生植株及其变异系过氧化物酶同工酶分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了木枣叶片再生植株及其5种变异系过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶。结果表明：木枣叶片再生植株过氧化物酶同工酶由3个基因位点编码,位点1编码的是杂合三聚体酶,位点2和位点3编码的是纯合二聚体酶,其变异系中有不能表达位点2和位点3的植株,变异较大。也有完整表达3个基因位点的植株,且酶活性高。     

西伯利亚蓼谷胱甘肽转移酶和半胱氨酸合成酶基因在酿酒酵母中的共表达

谷胱甘肽转移酶和半胱氨酸合成酶在清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)中起重要作用。采用0.36 mol.L-1NaHCO3对西伯利亚蓼(Polygonum sibiricum)进行胁迫处理, 荧光定量PCR分析表明这2个基因的表达受盐胁迫强烈诱导。为了分析2个基因是否具有抗盐能力以及其相互协同能力, 从cDNA文库中获得谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)和半胱氨酸合成酶(CS)2个基因, 分别将GST、CS和GST+CS转入酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中, 并分别命名转基因酵母为ty-gst、tycs和ty-gc。在1 mol.L-1 Na2CO3和5 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下, 转基因酵母(ty-gst、ty-cs和ty-gc)的耐盐能力均明显高于野生型酵母(wy), 而三者之间并无显著差别。在0.4 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下, 转基因酵母(ty-gst、ty-cs和ty-gc)的抗氧化酶类相关基因SOD1、SOD2、GPX1和GPX3的表达量均低于野生型酵母(对照)(wy), 而CTA1表达量均高于野生型酵母(对照)(wy)。转基因酵母ty-cs在0.4 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理前后其超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPX)的活性均表现为最高。     

苎麻CCoAOMT基因cDNA反义转化模式烟草''WS38''

苎麻咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)是其木质素合成过程的一种关键酶,运用克隆的该酶基因cDNA及植物表达载体pBI121、pWM101,分别构建了35S启动子控制的苎麻CCoAOMT基因反义cDNA基因质粒(pBI121-antiBnCCoAOMT)和cDNA全长表达质粒(pWM101-BnCCoAOMT),并通过根癌农杆菌介导法将其转化至模式烟草WS38,获得了转基因烟草.对转基因植株进行分子分析和组织学初步研究表明,转反义RNA基因植株叶柄木质素含量较野生烟草或转正义基因烟草叶柄木质素含量降低.说明运用反义RNA技术对CCoAOMT基因的表达进行基因工程调控,一定程度上可以对木质素的合成产生干扰,为获得低木质素或木质素组分改良的苎麻基因工程奠定基础.     

异源表达番茄LeMPK3基因提高烟草的抗低温胁迫能力

促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号系统在植物应对环境胁迫中发挥重要作用。为了探讨LeMPK3基因在低温胁迫中的功能,我们从番茄中分离了LeMPK3基因并将其转化到烟草中,获得了异源表达LeMPK3基因的转基因烟草。RT-PCR分析结果表明,番茄幼苗在低温和高温胁迫及外源物质——过氧化氢(H2O2)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和水杨酸(SA)处理下LeMPK3基因的表达量提高。在烟草中异源表达LeMPK3基因可以提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,增加脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量,增强逆境相关基因的表达。说明异源表达番茄LeMPK3基因提高烟草对低温的抗性。     

肉葡萄球菌tat-gfp融合基因的构建与表达

将PCR扩增的肉葡萄球菌铁离子过氧化物酶基因(fepB)的双精氨酸转运(Tat)信号肽DNA序列与绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)亚克隆到pCX9质粒中构建可表达的tat-gfp融合基因,再将形成的pCX 19-Tat-GFP质粒电转化转入肉葡萄球菌宿主中.提取阳性克隆子质粒进行酶切验证,表明表达载体pCX 19-Tat-G...     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Chiral Separation of G‐type Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents via Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds that contain a chiral phosphorus center. Undirected synthesis of G‐type CWNAs produces stereoisomers of tabun, sarin, soman, and cyclosarin (GA, GB, GD, and GF, respectively). Analytical‐scale methods were developed using a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system in tandem with a mass spectrometer for the separation, quantitation, and isolation of individual stereoisomers of GA, GB, GD, and GF. Screening various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the capacity to provide full baseline separation of the CWNAs revealed that a Regis WhelkO1 (SS) column was capable of separating the enantiomers of GA, GB, and GF, with elution of the P(+) enantiomer preceding elution of the corresponding P(–) enantiomer; two WhelkO1 (SS) columns had to be connected in series to achieve complete baseline resolution. The four diastereomers of GD were also resolved using two tandem WhelkO1 (SS) columns, with complete baseline separation of the two P(+) epimers. A single WhelkO1 (RR) column with inverse stereochemistry resulted in baseline separation of the GD P(–) epimers. The analytical methods described can be scaled to allow isolation of individual stereoisomers to assist in screening and development of countermeasures to organophosphorus nerve agents. Chirality 26:817–824, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Chirality published by John Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对翡翠贻贝抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化水平的影响

实验室条件下,研究了不同浓度邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期胁迫(15 d)对翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT)及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平(以MDA含量表示)的影响,以及受胁迫翡翠贻贝在清洁海水中恢复阶段上述生化指标的变化特征.结果表明:胁迫阶段,0.5和2.5 mg.L-1DBP下翡翠贻贝内脏团SOD活性表现为先抑制后逐渐恢复,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1下则持续受到显著抑制;不同浓度组CAT活性均明显被抑制.LPO水平明显升高.外套膜中,2.5 mg.L-1下SOD活性受到持续诱导,其他浓度组则先被抑制,后随曝露时间延长逐渐被诱导;各浓度组CAT的变化波动较大,没有明显规律;而LPO水平明显升高.净化恢复阶段,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1DBP胁迫下的内脏团SOD和CAT活性恢复较慢,其LPO水平随时间延长逐渐恢复至对照组水平;外套膜中SOD活性呈持续升高趋势,CAT活性和LPO水平则随时间延长恢复到对照组水平.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

X-ray induction of dominant lethals in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster: the role of oxygenation

The role of oxygenation in determining the sensitivity to the induction of dominant lethals was examined in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster. 0–2-h-old or 7-day-old Oregon-K males were irradiated with different X-ray exposures in nitrogen, air or in oxygen and the frequencies of dominant lethals induced in these stages were studied. The results obtained confirm and extend Sobels' earlier observations and the interpretation derived therefrom namely, that under normal conditions in air, mature spermatozoa are characterised by a higher degree of oxygenation than late spermatids and this difference is sufficient to explain the differential response of these stages. Similar Oxygen-Enhancement-Ratios(OERs) (of about 2) were obtained for both the cell stages. The present data also revealed that late spermatids are significantly less sensitive than mature spermatozoa to the X-ray-induction of dominant lethals in a nitrogen atmosphere. A plausible mechanism is suggested to explain this observation.