腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:分析腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤的X线平片及MRI表现,其中10例行X线平片检查,8例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果:X线平片显示局部稍高密度软组织肿块影,邻近骨质未见明显异常或轻度侵蚀破坏。MRI表现为相应部位软组织肿块影,T1WI多呈较低信号,内可见条片状更低信号影,增强后强化明显;T2WI呈高低混杂信号影;病灶与邻近肌腱关系密切,其中一例包绕指屈肌腱蔓状生长;局部骨皮质可受侵。结论:腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性。     

胶质瘤中CT联合MR动态扫描的诊断价值及其表观弥散系数的定量研究

摘要 目的：探讨胶质瘤中电子计算机断层扫描（CT）联合核磁共振（MR）动态扫描的诊断价值及其表观弥散系数（ADC）定量价值,以促进胶质瘤的有效早期诊断。方法：2017年4月到2021年3月选择在本院进行诊治的颅内肿瘤患者68例作为研究对象,所有患者均给予CT联合MR动态扫描,记录ADC值并判断诊断价值。结果：在68例患者中,病理诊断为胶质瘤38例（胶质瘤组）,非胶质瘤30例（非胶质瘤组）。胶质瘤组的CT出血、水肿、跨中线、界限不清等特征与非胶质瘤组对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。胶质瘤组多表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,非胶质瘤组多表现为T1WI等信号或低信号、T2WI高信号,对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。胶质瘤组的MR ADCmax、ADCmedian、ADCmin都低于非胶质瘤组（P<0.05）。胶质瘤中CT联合MR动态扫描诊断为胶质瘤37例,非胶质瘤31例,CT联合MR动态扫描诊断胶质瘤的敏感性与特异性为97.4 %（37/38）和100.0 %（30/30）。结论：CT联合MR动态扫描诊断胶质瘤具有很好的敏感性与特异性,ADC值能有效反映病灶组织的病理特征,为临床上提供了一种较为安全、有效的胶质瘤影像检查方法。     

巨大淋巴结增生症的影像学诊断

目的:研究巨大淋巴结增生症(Castleman Disease)的CT和MR影像表现特点,以提高对本病的认识,提高诊断准确率。方法:收集我院自1995年1月~2012年10月间,经手术病理证实的19例巨大淋巴结增生症,患者均接受CT或MRI平扫及增强扫描检查。其中,男7例,女12例,年龄19~62岁,平均43.4岁。结果:19个病例中14例病灶位于胸部(胸腔或纵隔),2例位于颈部,3例位于腹膜后区,局限型16例,弥漫型3例。CT检查采用CT动态增强扫描技术,局限型病灶在动脉期可见明显强化,强化程度近似主动脉,弥漫型病灶在动脉期表现为中等程度强化,两者在延迟期均表现为持续强化。MR扫描:4例表现为T1WI低信号,1例为中等信号,T2WI均呈高信号,动态增强扫描病灶的强化方式与CT基本一致。结论:颈部、胸部或腹膜后区的富血供病变,在CT及MRI增强扫描动脉期表现明显强化,延迟期持续强化,应高度怀疑巨大淋巴结增生症的可能性。     

肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT和MRI对肾嗜酸性细胞腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法:回顾性分析12例肾嗜酸性细胞瘤的CT和/或MRI表现。结果:CT检查12例,平扫8例病灶呈均匀软组织密度影,3例呈不均匀软组织密度影,1例瘤体周边有环状钙化。增强后病灶轻中度强化,6例见星状瘢痕。MRI检查3例,2例T1WI呈等低信号、T2WI呈高信号;1例T1WI呈等信号、T2WI等低信号。结论:多数肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征性。CT结合MRI特别是动态扫描有助于术前做出正确的诊断。     

不同影像方法对股骨头缺血坏死的诊断价值

目的:研究早期股骨头无菌性坏死(aseptic necrosis of the femoral head,ANFH)的不同影像方法(X-ray、CT、MRI)诊断价值。方法:34例双侧股骨头行X线、CT和MRI检查,分析其对早期ANFH的显示能力。结果:34例患者均存在早期骨坏死表现。X线发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 14例,诊断准确率41.18%;CT发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 19例,诊断准确率57.35%;MRI发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 27例,诊断准确率为77.94%。结论:X线平片难以发现ANFH的早期表现,MR结合螺旋CT扫描既可发现早期病变,又可进行分期,是研究早期ANFH的可靠手段。     

肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨螺旋CT和MRI对肾嗜酸性细胞腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析12例肾嗜酸性细胞瘤的CT和／或MRI表现。结果：CT检查12例,平扫8例病灶呈均匀软组织密度影,3例呈不均匀软组织密度影,1例瘤体周边有环状钙化。增强后病灶轻中度强化,6例见星状瘢痕。MRI检查3例,2例T1WI呈等低信号、T2WI呈高信号;1例T1wI呈等信号、T2WI等低信号。结论：多数肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征性。CT结合MRI特别是动态扫描有助于术前做出正确的诊断。     

头颈部木村病的CT、MRI影像学表现

目的:探讨头颈部木村病的CT、MRI的影像学表现。方法:对6例经手术或活检病理证实的头颈部木村病的CT及MRI影像学表现进行回顾性分析。结果:本组6例以中青年男性患者多见,病灶位于耳周2例、颊面部1例、颌下区1例,腮腺区1例、头皮下1例,均表现为无痛性肿块。3例CT表现为单侧或双侧、单发或多发等或略高密度软组织肿块,密度均或不均,边缘清楚或局部欠清,伴邻近皮下组织受累;增强扫描病灶表现为不同程度强化。3例MRI表现为对比邻近肌肉信号,病灶在T1WI上为等、稍高信号,在T2WI上为高信号,大部分病灶中等至明显强化。本组6例病变均伴有周围多发淋巴结肿大及实验室检查外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多,可伴病侧局部皮下脂肪层萎缩。结论:头颈部木村病的CT、MRI影像表现有一定特征性,结合临床病史及实验室检查,可提高木村病的诊断准确率。     

低场MRI对膝关节半月板损伤诊断的临床价值

目的探讨低场MRI在膝关节半月板损伤中的诊断价值。材料和方法搜集我院2007年2月-6月间,进行MRI检查的141例151个膝关节,进行半月板损伤诊断的回顾性分析。检查序列包括冠状面FSET2WI、矢状面SET1WI、FSET2WI及STIRE。结果低场MRI显示正常半月板内可以见似三角型或片状高信号,不延伸至关节面或游离缘,临床症状不明显;损伤半月板除信号改变外,其形态可全部或局部不规则,常同时伴关节组成骨及关节软骨、滑膜囊、软组织等的异常信号,临床症状明显。本组资料中,MRI诊断半月板损伤130个,14个膝关节外院行关节镜检查,12个证实有半月板撕裂。低场MRI对半月板撕裂的诊断率85．7％。结论低场MRI能较好的显示膝关节半月板损伤,能对其进行损伤分级,显示损伤的特点和严重程度,为临床选择合适的治疗方案提供依据。     

盂肱关节骨性结构测量的研究进展

与现代人工肩关节假体设计有关的各项解剖参数测量方法很多,包括标本解剖学测量、X线平片测量、CT测量等。由于测量方法及定义线的不一致,导致较多参数测值差别太大,给肩关节假体设计及手术带来不便。本文就盂肱关节骨性结构解剖参数的测量进行综述,提出测量方法应统一到CT或MRI三维重建测量上来,以满足现代肩关节假体设计解剖与解剖关系重建的核心理念。     

骨性关节炎的超声诊断价值

骨性关节炎是目前发病率较高的一组以关节软骨为主要病理特征的临床综合症,目前主要影像学检查方式包括:X线、CT、MRI。近年来随着超声成像技术水平和精确性的不断提高,已能够更加快捷、方便、准确的对骨性关节炎作出较明确的诊断,具有重要的临床价值。     

Ossification of the human fetal ilium.

Ossification of the ilium is similar to that of a long bone. It possesses three cartilaginous epiphyses and one cartilaginous process. Moreover, it undergoes peculiar osteoclastic resorption, comparable with that of the cranium bones. Asymmetrical ossification of the ilium, haversian bone remodelling and apposition of chondroid tissue posterosuperiorly to the acetabulum most probably emphasize the importance of mechanical factors in the morphogenesis of the hip bone during fetal life.     

Hereditary defect of the sacrum.

A family in which both the mother and two of her daughters had partial agenesis of the sacrum and coccygeal bones is presented. Further studies demonstrate a neurogenic bladder and a presacral mass in the 4-year-old girl who had severe urinary incontinence. The mode of inheritance in this entity may be x-linked dominant as has been suggested. Previously by Cohn and Bay-Nielsen (1969). The gene may act as a lethal factors in hemizygous males. A brief review of the literature showed a remarkable paucity of reports on the hereditary aspects of sacrococcygeal defects in man. It is concluded that this may be misleading, since the true incidence of hereditary sacroccygeal deformities can not possibly be established until family members of the probands are also examined radiologically.     

Evolution of the sacrum in hominoids

In order to study the formation of the sacrum during the primate evolution, a new way of numbering mammalian vertebrae is presented; this demonstrates that the thoracolumbosacral complex is fixed at 22 vertebrae in 80% and at 22 +/- 1 in 100% of the cases. The shift of a vertebra from one type to another occurs either at the thoracolumbar or at the lumbosacral junction and not at the cervicothoracic junction. Rarely does the shift take place at the sacrococcygeal junction. Data from 318 primates reveal that the seven original lumbar vertebrae of the Old World monkeys are reduced in the great apes by a caudad "thoracization" of one to two lumbar vertebrae and a cephalad sacralization of one to four lumbar vertebrae. In the apes, sacralization is not total and different stages that are intermediate between lumbar and sacral are described. In Homo sapiens there is a total sacralization of the last two original lumbar vertebrae. In addition, development of the sacral wings (alae) is minimal in apes and reaches its maximum in hominids. The tendency of the hominoid sacrum to incorporate the last lumbar vertebrae and to widen markedly provides for an enhanced articulation of the sacrum with the ilium and offers a firm base of support for the trunk during erect posture. This is necessary for the support of the weight of the trunk above the sacrum and for the stabilization of the body during bipedal posture and locomotion. Encephalization did not play any major role in the widening of the sacrum since the former by far preceded the latter.     

Univariate and multivariate methods for sexing the sacrum

Metric data on 200 sacra of known sex, age and race are analyzed to determine the usefulness of conventional observations for determining sex in this bone. Results of the univariate analysis show that significant sex differences in the sacrum involve primarily the top portion of the bone for both whites and blacks. However, measurements of curvature are important sex differences in the sample of blacks. A new index relating the S1 body to sacral breadth is proposed as more useful in classifying the bones by sex than indices involving other measurements. Discriminant analysis shows that the sample of whites can be analyzed significantly better by this method than by using an index. The choice of univariate or multivariate method must depend on the condition of the bone, and will be influenced to some extent by the race from which the sample is drawn.