PDX-1表达质粒的构建及表达

目的:为进一步研究PDX-1基因的功能打下基础.方法:从人的胰腺cDNA中PCR扩增PDX-1基因的阅读框架,构建质粒pAAV-PDX-1.用pAAV-PDX-1转染293T细胞48小时后,用RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测293T细胞中mRNA和蛋白水平PDX-1的表达.结果:转染了pAAV-PDX-1的293T细胞中有PDX-1的表达,而在转染质粒pAAV-MCS和未转染的293T细胞中均没有检测到PDX-1的表达.结论:构建的pAAV-PDX-1质粒在mRNA和蛋白水平都能表达PDX-1.     

大黄素对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞间质转分化的影响

目的:探讨大黄素对TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)间质转分化的影响。方法:不同浓度大黄素分别作用于TGF-β1诱导HK-2细胞24 h和48 h,通过细胞增殖实验确定最佳大黄素最佳给药浓度。TGF-β1诱导HK-2细胞24 h后收集细胞用于免疫印迹Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)分析。Western印迹法分别检测纤维化相关蛋白Collagen IV的表达,和肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转分化关键蛋白α-SMA和E-Cadherin的表达;RT-PCR法检测肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转分化关键蛋白α-SMA的表达。结果:由细胞增殖实验结果表明40μM大黄素是最佳给药浓度。Western结果表明,与模型组相比,大黄素组下调纤维化相关蛋白Collagen IV的表达,大黄素组与模型组蛋白差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组相比,大黄素组下调α-SMA蛋白表达水平,而上调E-Cadherin蛋白表达,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。RT-PCR结果表明,与模型组相比,大黄素组降低α-SMA mRNA的含量,大黄素组与模型组α-SMA mRNA含量差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:大黄素可通过抑制TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞间质转分化,从而发挥延缓肾间质纤维化的过程。     

姜黄素对肝癌细胞HepG2 的抗癌作用及P21WAF1/CIP1 表达的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素对肝癌HepG2细胞抗癌作用及相关周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子P21WAF1/CIP1表达的影响.方法:体外培养肝癌HepG2细胞,用MTT法检测姜黄素对HepG2细胞的抑制作用,以RT-PCR方法检测HepG2细胞中P21WAF1/CIP1mRNA的表达,用免疫细胞化学检测其P21WAF1/CIP1蛋白的表达.结果:姜黄素呈时间剂量性抑制HepG2细胞的生长,并显著上调HepG2细胞中P21WAF1/CIP1mRNA和蛋白的表达.结论:姜黄素能抑制HepG2细胞的生长,并上调其中P21WAF1/CIP1的表达.     

α1, 2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转导对人卵巢癌细胞RMG-I p38MAPK信号通路介导的凋亡的影响

以α1,2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转染前后卵巢癌细胞RMG-I、RMG-I-H为细胞模型,用细胞免疫荧光方法检测转染前后细胞p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK的细胞内定位,RT-PCR和Western blot方法从mRNA和蛋白质两个水平检测转染前后细胞p38MAPK表达的变化;以兔抗人IgG抗体处理组为对照,分别利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Lewisy单克隆抗体处理前后RMG-I-H细胞p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白质表达水平的变化;以0.1%DMSO为对照,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580处理后RMG-I-H凋亡比率的变化,并利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测caspase-3的mRNA和蛋白质水平的变化;用RT-PCR方法检测卡铂和SB203580处理后p38MAPK及caspase-3表达的变化.结果表明,RMG-I与RMG-I-H的p38MAPK蛋白主要定位在细胞质,p-p38MAPK蛋白定位在细胞核,转染后p38MAPK的mRNA水平明显高于转染前(P<0.05);Lewisy单克隆抗体处理后RMG-I-H细胞p38MAPK m...     

RhoGDI2在肺鳞癌、腺癌组织和肺癌细胞系中的表达及其临床意义

目的本研究探讨RhoGDI2在肺鳞癌和腺癌组织及肺癌细胞系中的作用及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法检测112例肺癌组织标本中RhoGDI2蛋白和20例新鲜肺癌组织中RhoGDI2 mRNA的表达,结合肺癌的临床病理特点进行分析。同时应用Western blot和RT-PCR方法检测肺癌细胞系中RhoGDI2蛋白和mRNA水平的表达情况。结果肺鳞癌和腺癌组织中RhoGDI2的表达与组织分级有关,随着分化程度的降低,RhoGDI2蛋白表达降低(P0.01);与TNM分期有关,随着分期级别的升高,RhoGDI2蛋白表达降低(P0.01);与是否淋巴结转移有关,存在淋巴结转移的标本,RhoGDI2蛋白表达降低(P0.01)。RhoGDI2蛋白的表达与组织类型、患者的年龄和性别无关。在选取的肺癌细胞系A549、95D、SPC-A-1和NCI-H446中,无论mRNA水平还是蛋白水平RhoGDI2都有表达,但表达水平不尽相同,在A549、NCI-H446细胞系中表达较低,在SPC-A-1、95D细胞系中表达相对较高。结论RhoGDI2与肺癌的发生发展和转移过程有关,进一步研究RhoGDI2与其作用因子之间的相互作用,将有助于进一步揭示肺癌发生发展及转移过程。     

miR-21对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞间质转分化的影响

目的:观察miR-21在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2细胞)上皮间质转分化(EMT)中的作用,并探讨miR-21参与调控HK-2细胞EMT的可能靶点。方法:体外培养的HK-2细胞分为6组:正常对照组、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)模型组、miR-21 mimic阴性组、miR-21 mimic组、miR-21 inhibitor阴性组和miR-21 inhibitor组。细胞经4 ng/ml TGF-β1处理建立EMT模型,检测miR-21和EMT相关指标的表达变化,利用基因转染技术,将miR-21 mimic质粒或miR-21 inhibitor质粒转染经TGF-β1处理的HK-2细胞,使细胞过表达或抑制表达miR-21,在此基础上观察细胞EMT相关指标的变化以及磷酸酯酶(PTEN)基因的影响。结果:(1)与正常组相比,模型组的miR-21含量显著升高(P0.05),上皮表型标志物E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P0.01),间质表型标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA和蛋白水平也显著升高(P0.05,P0.01);(2)转染miR-21 mimic后,与miR-21 mimic阴性对照组相比,miR-21含量显著升高(P0.01),PTEN、E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),α-SMA mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高(P0.05,P0.01);转染miR-21 inhibitor后,与miR-21 inhibitor阴性对照组相比,miR-21含量显著降低(P0.01),PTEN、E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白含量显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),α-SMA mRNA、蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:miR-21在TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞EMT发生中具有重要作用,并且可能通过靶基因PTEN参与EMT相关分子的表达调控。     

人脐带间充质干细胞外泌体抑制草酸及草酸钙诱导的HK-2细胞上皮间质转化

采用草酸及一水草酸钙(calcium oxalate monohydrate,COM)晶体诱导人近端肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)发生上皮间质转化,同时采用超速离心法提取人脐带间充质干细胞外泌体(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells exosome,huc MSC-Ex)用于干预间质化的HK-2细胞,探究外泌体对其纤维化的缓解作用。采用Western blot、透射电镜及NTA(nanoparticle tracking analysis)鉴定外泌体表面标志物及形态,采用MTT法观察外泌体对细胞活性的影响;免疫荧光双标法检测ZO-1及N-cadherin的表达;Western blot检测细胞上皮标志物E-cadherin和ZO-1、间质标志物N-Cadherin和α-SMA及相关信号通路蛋白TGF-β和Smad2的表达水平。结果显示,草酸和COM晶体可使HK-2细胞形态发生上皮间质转化,并降低上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin和ZO-1的表达,同时使HK-2细胞高表达间质标志物N-Cadherin和α-SMA并上调信号通路蛋白TGF-β和Smad2的表达。电镜下可观察到huc MSC-Ex形态呈双层膜,中空,圆形或椭圆形,并且阳性表达外泌体标志物Alix、CD63和TSG101蛋白,其粒径分布在80~300 nm之间。huc MSC-Ex预处理可显著提高暴露于草酸及COM晶体的HK-2细胞活性。降低HK-2细胞中N-Cadherin和α-SMA及信号通路蛋白TGF-β和Smad2的表达,恢复其上皮标志物E-cadherin和ZO-1蛋白的表达。该研究结果表明,huc MSC-Ex能够缓解草酸及COM晶体诱导的HK-2细胞损伤,同时抑制其上皮间质转化。     

白藜芦醇体外对肝癌HepG2细胞分化及P21WAF1/CIP1表达的影响

目的:探讨白藜芦醇(Resvratrol,Res)在体外对肝癌细胞分化及相关周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子P21WAF1/CIP1的影响.方法:体外培养肝癌HepG2细胞.用MTT法检白藜芦醇对HepG2细胞的生长抑制作用,用倒置显微镜观察肝癌细胞的形态改变,用放射免疫法检测其AFP分泌.以RT-PCR方法检测HepG2细胞中P21WAF1、CIP1mRNA的表达,用免疫细胞化学检测其P21WAF1、CIP1蛋白的表迭.结果:白藜芦醇呈时间剂量性抑制HepG2细胞株的增殖,使其亚细胞结构趋于正常,AFP分泌量下降,并显著上调HepG2细胞中P21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结论:白藜芦醇能诱导HepG2细胞在体外向正常肝细胞分化,并上调其P21WAF1/CIP1的表达.     

IL27RA对EBV感染的鼻咽癌细胞TRAF1/2表达的调控及其生物学效应

EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染是鼻咽癌(Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)最主要的危险因素,主要通过肿瘤坏死因子受体相关分子-1/2(Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1/2,TRAF1/2)发挥促癌作用,为探究白介素27受体亚基α(Interleukin 27 receptorα,IL27RA)表达与NPC细胞EBV感染的关系及其生物学效应,本研究采用肿瘤基因组计划(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库在NPC组织中筛选EBV感染相关信号分子TRAF1/2的潜在相互作用分子,培养携带EBV的NPC细胞株HK-1和C666-1及未携带EBV的NPC细胞株CNE-1及CNE-2,实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-qPCR)及蛋白质印迹技术(Western Blot)检测IL27RA mRNA及蛋白表达,慢病毒介导细胞转染技术外源性干扰HK-1和C666-1细胞IL27RA的表达,CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力的变化情况,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力的变化情况。结果显示,NPC组织中存在与TRAF1/2表达均显著正相关的分子IL27RA(相关系数R分别为0.61及0.69,P均小于0.001),同时IL27RA在NPC组织中高表达(P0.001),HK-1和C666-1中IL27RA mRNA及蛋白的表达水平显著高于CNE-1及CNE-2细胞(P0.01),干扰HK-1和C666-1细胞IL27RA表达后,TRAF1及TRAF2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著下调(P0.01),且细胞增殖及转移能力均显著减弱(P0.01)。本研究提示,干扰IL27RA表达可显著抑制携带EBV的NPC细胞TRAF1/2的表达及细胞增殖转移能力,IL27RA有望成为NPC新的分子靶标或标志物。     

白藜芦醇对高糖刺激下人肾小管上皮细胞发生EMT的作用

该文研究了白藜芦醇及其下游信号分子沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)对高糖培养条件下人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)转化的作用和机制。体外常规培养HK-2细胞,采用Western blot检测平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E-钙黏着蛋白(E-cadherin)及信号蛋白SIRT1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ协同刺激因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α,PGC-1α)的蛋白表达,采用细胞免疫荧光对SIRT1的表达进行检测。与高糖刺激0 h组相比,高糖刺激12,24,48 h均导致HK-2细胞SIRT1蛋白明显减少,且随时间呈下降趋势;低糖培养细胞0,12,24,48 h的SIRT1蛋白表达没有明显差异。白藜芦醇明显提高高糖培养条件下HK-2细胞的SIRT1表达,而SIRT1特异性抑制剂EX527能够减弱白藜芦醇的作用。进一步的研究表明,白藜芦醇能够明显增加HK-2细胞中E-钙黏着蛋白的表达,抑制高糖导致的α-SMA表达升高,而EX527对高糖诱导的HK-2细胞转分化没有显著影响。此外,研究发现,白藜芦醇能够明显增加高糖刺激下HK-2细胞PGC-1α蛋白表达。该研究结果提示,白藜芦醇可能通过SIRT1和PGC-1α信号通路抑制了高糖诱导的HK-2细胞转化过程。     

Cell separation with horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions on a “density cushion”

This report describes an improvement made to the horizontal cell electrophoresis methodology. It involves using two liquid layers differing in density to produce an interface described as a "density cushion". The electrophoretic system that employed an anti-convective porous matrix to separate red blood cells (RBC) and charged dyes effectively was found to be unsuitable for some other mammalian cells. The "density cushion" method was found to be more versatile and applicable to studies on the separation of a variety of cell types. The experiments described show the differences between the electrophoretic mobilities of a human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line (Eol-1) and RBC, both with and without the modification of the cell surface properties.     

Cell electrophoresis — a method for cell separation and research into cell surface properties

In this paper, we discuss the application of various methods of cell electrophoresis in research into cell surface properties (analytical methods), and the separation of uniform cell subpopulations from cell mixtures (preparative methods). The emphasis is on the prospects of the development of simplified and versatile methodologies, i.e. microcapillary cell electrophoresis and horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions. New perspectives are considered on the use of analytical and preparative cell electrophoresis in research on cell differentiation, neoplastic transformation, cell-cell interactions and the biology of stem cells. Paper authored by participants of the international conference: XXXIV Winter School of the Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of Jagiellonian University, Zakopane, March 7–11, 2007, “The Cell and Its Environment”. Publication cost was covered by the organisers of this meeting.     

Polarization and Migration of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Rely on the RhoA/ROCK I Pathway and an Active Reorganization of the Microtubule Network

Understanding the physiological migration of hematopoietic progenitors is important, not only for basic stem cell research, but also in view of their therapeutic relevance. Here, we investigated the role of the Rho kinase pathway in the morphology and migration of hematopoietic progenitors using an ex vivo co-culture consisting of human primary CD34⁺ progenitors and mesenchymal stromal cells. The addition of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 led to the abolishment of the uropod and microvillar-like structures of hematopoietic progenitors, concomitant with a redistribution of proteins found therein (prominin-1 and ezrin). Y-27632-treated cells displayed a deficiency in migration. Time-lapse video microscopy revealed impairment of the rear pole retraction. Interestingly, the knockdown of ROCK I, but not ROCK II, using RNA interference (RNAi) was sufficient to cause the referred morphological and migrational changes. Unexpectedly, the addition of nocodazole to either Y-27632- or ROCK I RNAi-treated cells could restore their polarized morphology and migration suggesting an active role for the microtubule network in tail retraction. Finally, we could demonstrate using RNAi that RhoA, the upstream regulator of ROCK, is involved in these processes. Collectively, our data provide new insights regarding the role of RhoA/ROCK I and the microtubules in the migration of stem cells.     

Expanisns

Biochemical dissection of the “acid-growth” process of plant cell walls led to the isolation of a new class of wall loosening proteins, called expansins. These proteins affect the rheology of growing walls by permitting the microfibril-matrix network to slide, thereby enabling the wall to expand. Molecular sequence analysis suggests that expansins might have a cryptic glycosyl transferase activity, but biochemical results suggest that expansins disrupt noncovalent bonding between microfibrils and the matrix. Recent discoveries of a new expansin family and gene expression in fruit, meristerms and cotton fibers have enlarged our view of the developmental functions of this group of wall loosening proteins.     

酸性磷酸酶法检测体外培养细胞数

利用小鼠成纤维细胞系(NIH3T3)、小鼠骨髓瘤细胞系(SP2/0)、人大肠癌细胞系(LO-VO)和人白血病细胞系(K562),评价酸性磷酸酶(APA)法用于检测体外各类型细胞的增殖和杀伤作用。用直线回归分析光吸收度与每孔活细胞数的关系。结果表明,APA法能准确地反映检测的活细胞数(相关系数均>0.99)。本方法不仅能很好地检测表皮生长因子对细胞的增殖作用,也能够检测顺铂对体外细胞的杀伤作用。结果表明APA法简单、灵敏,可以用于上皮和间质等贴壁和悬浮生长的细胞计数。     

An overview of the KIN1/PAR-1/MARK kinase family

Members of the KIN1/PAR-1/MARK kinase family are conserved from yeast to humans and share a similar primary structural organization. Several kinases of this family appear to be at the crossroads of various biological functions including cell polarity, cell cycle control, intracellular signalisation, microtubules stability and protein stability. Here we present an overview of known roles of KIN1/PAR-1/MARK kinases including pEg3 a newly identified member which is regulated during the cell cycle and is a potential regulator of the cell cycle progression. Some common modes of action can be deciphered for this protein kinase family.     

犬皮肤成纤维细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

目的探索和建立适用于犬皮肤成纤维细胞的体外分离、培养及鉴定的技术方法。方法采用组织贴块培养法和胰蛋白酶、胶原酶Ⅰ联合消化法对犬皮肤成纤维细胞进行体外培养、传代。并对所培养的细胞进行倒置显微镜观察和苏木素-伊红染色,观察成纤维细胞形态,并对培养细胞行波形蛋白免疫荧光染色。结果倒置相差显微镜下可见长梭形细胞生长,苏木素-伊红染色可见细胞呈漩涡状、平行排列,第5代细胞免疫荧光检测波形蛋白(vimentin)表达阳性。结论建立了高效快速分离和稳定培养成纤维细胞的方法,为诱导犬心房纤维化提供了充足的种子细胞。     

miR-125a-5p转染对肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响及相关机制研究

摘要 目的：探究miR-125a-5p转染对肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响及相关机制。方法：将肝癌细胞分为对照组、下调组和上调组,并通过细胞转染建立稳定转染的下调组和上调组。MMT法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力,Transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭能力,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Western blot法检测P13K/Akt通路中AKT、Bax、Bcl-2、P13K、P-AKT蛋白表达量。结果：与上调组相比,下调组24、48、72 h细胞增殖率,细胞侵袭、迁移细胞数,AKT、Bcl-2、P13K、P-AKT蛋白表达量显著降低,具有统计学差异（29.67±9.87 vs 17.34±5.71,t=5.192,P＜0.05、34.75±11.56 vs 15.17±5.04,t=7.365,P＜0.05、38.48±12.81 vs 12.51 ±4.13,t=9.153,P＜0.05,72.53±24.17 vs 36.28±12.07,t=6.365,P＜0.05、86.51±28.75 vs 46.28±15.32,t=5.858,P＜0.05,1.26±0.41 vs 0.81±0.26,t=4.397,P＜0.05、1.35±0.44 vs 0.76±0.24,t=5.584,P＜0.05、1.48±0.46 vs 0.79±0.26,t=6.194,P＜0.05、1.22±0.39 vs 0.73±0.24,t=5.584,P＜0.05）;与上调组相比,下调组24、48、72h细胞凋亡率,Bax蛋白表达量显著升高,具有统计学差异（17.62±5.84 vs 29.31±9.75,t=4.879,P＜0.05、14.97±4.65 vs 34.19±11.36,t=7.427,P＜0.05、11.26±3.74 vs 38.62±12.86,t=9.690,P＜0.05,0.75±0.24 vs 1.33±0.43,t=5.587,P＜0.05）。结论：下调miR-125a-5p的表达,可通过作用于P13K/Akt通路,调控AKT、Bax、Bcl-2、P13K、P-AKT蛋白表达量,进而起到抑制肝癌细胞增殖、促进肝癌细胞凋亡以及抑制肝癌细胞的侵袭、迁移能力。     

The influence of cell volume changes on tumour cell proliferation

Ion channels and cell volume control participate in a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation. According to the pump-leak model or the double Donnan system, the cell volume is constant in physiological medium so long as the cell metabolism and the Na-K pump are not inhibited and the passive Na⁺ permeability is not dramatically increased. At short term, this model has been supported by a large number of experiments made on different cell types. However, at long term, it may be insufficient to describe the volume control because it does not take into account the fact that cells possess a large number of membrane transporters and interconnected volume regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we present recent results indicating that, in physiological conditions, ion channels may have important roles in cell volume control. Furthermore, we emphasize that cell proliferation and volume are phenomenologically correlated. On the basis of the macromolecular crowding theory, the possibility that the cell osmolyte and water content mediates this correlation is discussed.Abbreviations 4-AP 4-aminopyridine - NPPB 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid - TEA tetraethylammonium - TOR target of rapamycin Presented at the Biophysical Society Meeting on Ion channels—from structure to desease held in May 2003, Rennes, France     

Critical role of lipid membranes in polarization and migration of cells: a biophysical view

Cell migration plays vital roles in many biologically relevant processes such as tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis, and it has fascinated biophysicists over the past several decades. However, despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the orchestration of proteins involved in different signaling pathways, the functional roles of lipid membranes have been essentially overlooked. Lipid membranes are generally considered to be a functionless two-dimensional matrix of proteins, although many proteins regulating cell migration gain functions only after they are recruited to the membrane surface and self-organize their functional domains. In this review, we summarize how the logistical recruitment and release of proteins to and from lipid membranes coordinates complex spatiotemporal molecular processes. As predicted from the classical framework of the Smoluchowski equation of diffusion, lipid/protein membranes serve as a 2D reaction hub that contributes to the effective and robust regulation of polarization and migration of cells involving several competing pathways.