甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙分离物RNA3序列分析及编码25kD蛋白基因在大 …

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）内蒙分离物的总ＲＮＡ为模板,通过反转录－－ＰＣＲ扩增获得ＢＮＹＶＶＲＮＡ３全长ｃＤＮＡ。将其克隆到ＰＥＭ－７Ｚｆ上,得到重组质粒ｐＧＢＹ５６。序列分析结果表明,内蒙分离物ＲＮＡ３基因组全长 １７７５ｎｔ     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒分子生物学的研究进展

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒分子生物学的研究进展姚华建,于嘉林,刘仪（北京农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京１０００９４）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｏｆＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＢｅｅｔＮｅｃｒｏｔｉｃＹｅｌｌｏｗＶｅｉｎＶｉｒｕｓ￥Ｙ...     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙分离物RNA3序列分析及编码25kD蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）内蒙分离物的总ＲＮＡ为模板,通过反转录－ＰＣＲ扩增获得ＢＮＹＶＶＲＮＡ３全长ｃＤＮＡ。将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）上,得到重组质粒ｐＧＢＹ５６。序列分析结果表明,内蒙分离物ＲＮＡ３基因组全长为１７７５ｎｔ,其中包含３个开放阅读框架,分别编码２５ｋＤ蛋白、４．６ｋＤ蛋白和一种由５９个氨基酸组成的Ｎ蛋白。与法国Ｆ２分离物、德国Ｇ１分离物和日本Ｓ分离物相比,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为９６．４％、９６．８％和９７．３％。将２５ｋＤ蛋白编码基因克隆到ｐＪＷ２上,构建了该基因的原核表达载体。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ分析结果表明,２５ｋＤ蛋白基因在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中经温度（４２℃）诱导后,可特异地表达２５ｋＤ蛋白     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的RNA为模板,通过PcR扩增获得外壳蛋白(CP)基因的目的片段。将其重组到pGEM一7zf(+)并转化JMl01得到了含有完整CP基因的重组子。采用双脱氧终止法进行序列分析,结果表明CP基因为567nt,与文献(1]报道相比,氨基酸和核苷酸的同源性分别为98．4％和96．7％。     

中国甜菜坏死黄脉病毒RNA5的检测及其核苷酸序列分析

利用反转录 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法,对甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ Ｂ Ｎ Ｙ Ｖ Ｖ）５ 个中国分离物的 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５进行了检测,结果表明新疆分离物、黑龙江分离物和内蒙古乌拉特前旗分离物不含有 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ ,只有包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物有 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ 。序列分析结果,包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ 基因组分别为１３３８ ｎｔ 和１３５８ ｎｔ,均只包含１ 个开放阅读框架,编码产生２６ ｋ Ｄ 蛋白。与法国 Ｆ７２ 分离物和日本 Ｄ５ 分离物相比, 各分离物间核苷酸序列同源性为９３７ ％ ～９８５ ％ ,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为９１８ ％ ～９８２ ％ 。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒的分离提纯及其生物化学特性的研究

本研究工作中,建立了一个有效的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒的分离提纯程序,解决了该病毒粒体易于聚集难以提纯的问题,其操作要点是,(1)通过Sepharose 2B柱层析代替超离心,有效地除去一些小分子量核酸杂质;(2)经PEG再次沉淀浓缩后,调整pH至酸牲(pH3.0),使病毒充分悬浮以减少凝聚;(3)在病毒等电点(pH4.8～4.9)条件下,进一步沉淀以纯化病毒。根据病毒提取物的OD260/OD280比值,算出核酸含量约4.5％。核酸电泳出现4条带,分子量分别为:2.25×10~(?),1.8×10~(?),1.05×10~(?),0.75×10~(?)道尔顿。病毒提取物经超速离心出现4个界面,沉淀系数分别为,200.8S,165S,125.8S,100S。说明甜菜坏死黄脉病毒可能是4组分病毒粒体。病毒粒体含一蛋白亚基,分子量约为2.05±0.05×10~4道尔顿,由16种共199个氨基酸组成。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因在甜菜转基因植株中的表达

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus,BNYVV)是一种由甜菜多粘菌(Polymyxo be tae)传播的多分体植物病毒．基因组由4～5条单链正意RNA构成^[1]。60年代末,由Tamada首次报道^[2],这种病毒可对甜菜造成严重危害,侵染甜菜后产生丛根症状(Rhizomania),并导致甜菜产量和含糖量的大幅度下降。除欧洲、北美及日本的严重发生以外,我国自70年代以来在东北、内蒙古及西北许多省区也有大量甜菜丛根病的发生报道^[3]。由于尚无有效药剂及措施用于甜菜丛根病或病毒传播介体的防治．在我国也无法采用大面积轮作作为防治手段,所以目前在世界各地及我国上述地区甜菜丛根病的发病面积逐年扩展,对甜菜生产和制糖业造成直接威胁。针对这一情况．本文报道了含有甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因的甜菜植株的转化再生工作,以期在甜菜亲本育种中获得新的抗性材料．为抗病毒品种的培育打下基础。     

中国甜菜坏死黄脉病毒RNA5的检测及其核苷酸序列分析*

利用反转录PCR方法,对甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)5个中国分离物的RNA5进行了检测,结果表明新疆分离物、黑龙江分离物和内蒙古乌拉特前旗分离物不含有RNA5,只有包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物有RNA5。序列分析结果,包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物RNA5基因组分别为1338nt和1358nt,均只包含1个开放阅读框架,编码产生26kD蛋白。与法国F72分离物和日本D5分离物相比,各分离物间核苷酸序列同源性为93.7%～98.5%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为91.8%～98.2%。     

Strategies for the Detection of Potential Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Genome Recombinations which might Arise as a Result of Growing A type Coat Protein Gene-expressing Sugarbeets in Soil Containing B Type Virus

We have searched for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) populations with a recombined genome which could possibly arise when transgenic sugarbeets expressing the coat protein gene of A type BNYVV are grown in soil containing Polymyxa betae carrying B type BNYVV, in soil samples from previous field release experiments and in a greenhouse model experiment. In order to accelerate the potential evolution of virus populations with recombined genomes in the model experiment, eight successive crops of sugarbeet plantlets were grown in the same soil samples over a period of 3 years. For the sensitive detection of recombined BNYVV genomes, we used nested PCRs with sense primers that are preferentially extended on the A type BNYVV sequence in the region of the coat protein gene and antisense primers which are preferentially extended on the B type BNYVV sequence in a region downstream of the coat protein gene which is not present in the transgene. Controls with mixtures of sap from plants which were singly infected with A or with B type BNYVV only revealed that, unless proper precautions are taken, PCR-mediated recombination artifacts may readily be produced. A method was developed that is able to detect A type/B type recombinant RNA molecules up to dilutions of one to a million in pure B type RNA molecules. Inspite of this high sensitivity we failed to detect any BNYVV with a recombined genome in the transgenic plants of the model experiment or at the sites of the previous field release experiments.     

侵染陕西洋葱的胡葱黄条病毒基因组全序列分析

葱属植物病毒病害在世界范围内广泛发生,严重危害生产,如果要有效控制病害,首先需要明确病毒的种类及它们的分子生物学特征。Dijk根据寄主范围和血清学的差异,将全世界5700份葱属植物上发生的马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)成员区分为4个不同的种:韭葱黄条病毒(Leek yellowstripevirus,LYSV)、洋葱黄矮病毒(Onion yellowdwarf virus,OYDV)、胡葱黄条病毒(Shallotyellow stripe virus,SYSV)和大葱黄条病毒(Welsh onion yellowstripe virus,WoYSV)[1]。它们的寄主通常局限于一种或几种葱属植物,其中LYSV主要寄主为大蒜(garlic)、韭葱(le…     

Studies on the Biology of Polymyxa betae, the Vector of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus

The development of Polymyxa betae within the roots of a sugar beet variety susceptible to Rhizomania was observed in hydroponic culture over a period of 10 days. Light microscope studies showed that at an average temperature of 20 °C the life cycle of the fungus, containing beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYW), was completed within 10 days. A change from the multiplication phase to the survival phase of P. betae became evident. At the beginning of the life cycle the fungus produced mainly zoospores whereas at a later stage plasmodia developed into resting spores. Zoospore density in the nutrient solution reached a maximum between the 5th and 7th day after inoculation and then declined to the initial concentration. The number of zoospores attached to the root surface increased progressively at 48 h intervals, correlated with a parallel increase in BNYW-content of the roots. Light- and fluorescence microscopy revealed that zoospores of P. betae often attach near the point of release and do not move very long distances. In addition it became evident that zoospores may attach to the thallus wall inside the zoosporangium that they have developed in.     

侵染花生的黄瓜花叶病毒CA株核酸全序列分析

对侵染花生的黄瓜花叶病毒CA(CMVCA)株系进行克隆和序列分析。CMVCARNA1全长3356个核苷酸(nt),编码分子量为111kDa的1a蛋白;RNA2全长3045nt,编码分子量为96.7kDa的2a蛋白和13.1kDa的2b蛋白;RNA3全长2219nt,编码分子量为30.5kDa的3a蛋白和分子量为24kDa的外壳蛋白(CP)。序列同源性比较表明,CMVCARNA1、2、3与CMV亚组IACMVFny、亚组IBCMVSD、亚组IICMVQ株系序列同源性,RNA1分别为91.3%、91.1%和76.5%,RNA2分别为92.1%、90%和71.2%,RNA3分别为96.1%、92.6%和74.5%;与同属花生矮化病毒(Peanutstuntvirus,PSV)RNA1、2、3序列同源性分别为67.1%、58.2%和55.7%。上述研究未发现CMVCA基因组与PSVRNA链的重组,CMVCA对花生的侵染应是该株系适应于花生的遗传变异、长期进化的结果;对RNA35′NTR结构分析以及RNA35′NTR和CP系统进化树分析表明,CMVCA属CMVIB亚组。     

dsRNA-mediated resistance to Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus infections in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris)

Rhizomania, one of the most devastating diseases in sugar beet, is caused by Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) belonging to the genus Benyvirus. Use of sugar beet varieties with resistance to BNYVV is generally considered as the only way to maintain a profitable yield on rhizomania-infested fields. As an alternative to natural resistance, we explored the transgenic expression of viral dsRNA for engineering resistance to rhizomania. Transgenic plants expressing an inverted repeat of a 0.4 kb fragment derived from the BNYVV replicase gene displayed high levels of resistance against different genetic strains of BNYVV when inoculated using the natural vector, Polymyxa betae. The resistance was maintained under high infection pressures and over prolonged growing periods in the greenhouse as well as in the field. Resistant plants accumulated extremely low amounts of transgene mRNA and high amounts of the corresponding siRNA in the roots, illustrative of RNA silencing as the underlying mechanism. The transgenic resistance compared very favourably to natural sources of resistance to rhizomania and thus offers an attractive alternative for breeding resistant sugar beet varieties.     

黄热病毒的一步RT-PCR法检测

自不同稀释度的乳鼠脑病毒悬液中制备总RNA,在自制缓冲液条件下,进行一步RT-PCR法检测。对一步RT-PCR法与常规RT-PCR的敏感性进行比较,并且以基孔肯亚病毒和登革1-4型病毒RNA为模板进行特异性观察。结果表明,本研究建立的一步RT-PCR法可检出2.8×10~3PFU的病毒,敏感性比常规RT-PCR法高10倍,且与基孔肯亚病毒、登革病毒1-4型无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性和敏感性,适用于黄热病毒的病原学检测。     

Expression of single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) specific for beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein or 25 kDa protein in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana

The coding sequences for the variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) coat protein (cp) or the 25 kDa nonstructural protein (P25) were cloned into the pCOCK vector and expressed as single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) in Escherichia coli. For expression in higher plants the scFv were targeted either to the secretory pathway by including the sequences encoding the pectate lyase B (PelB) or the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) signal peptides in the vector constructs or they were targeted to the cytoplasm by omitting a signal peptide-encoding sequence from the constructs. The scFv were detected mainly in plants in which the PHA signal peptide had been used for targeting demonstrating for the first time the usefulness of this peptide for enabling scFv expression in plants. The scFv were not secreted into the culture fluids of suspension cultures, but were retained in the cells. The amount of expression of scFv in the best expressing plants was at least as high as in bacterial culture supernatants. In a dot blot immunoassay, 0.4 ng BNYVV cp or 0.8 ng P25 were detected by the respective scFv either from E. coli or from plants. The majority of the 21 plants expressing cp-specific scFv had near-normal growth whereas the three plants expressing P25-specific scFv grew poorly and did not form roots.