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1.
江苏地区烟粉虱的越冬研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过室内模拟寒潮、越冬大棚内虫量观察,以及冬后田间调查,研究江苏地区烟粉虱的越冬状况。结果表明,在0℃以上的环境温度下,72 h内各虫态烟粉虱均不会造成急性致死,在-2℃的环境温度下,1 h内低龄若虫开始死亡,24 h后高龄若虫开始死亡,6 h后卵全部死亡。在-4℃的环境温度下,6 h后烟粉虱所有虫态均全部死亡。在单膜覆盖的大棚内,烟粉虱成虫在-2.5℃的寒潮下全部死亡,在双膜覆盖的大棚内,烟粉虱可以安全越冬。研究认为,在江苏地区,烟粉虱可以在日光温室或双膜覆盖的大棚内越冬,苏南部分地区可以在单膜覆盖的大棚内越冬。  相似文献   

2.
小菜蛾抗药性研究进展   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
闫艳春  钱伟范 《昆虫知识》1997,34(5):310-314
1小莱蛾抗药性的发展小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL.隶鳞翅目莱蛾科,是世界性十字花科的主要害虫,年发生代数多(一般在亚热带地区8~12代,热带地区20代以上[1],繁殖系数高(平均每头雌成虫产卵量在170粒以上),世代间虫口数量增长快,重叠现象严重,故其在热带地区的危害尤为猖撅,在我国北方地区也呈加重趋势[2]。为了克服和防治小莱蛾的危害,长期以来,人们主要靠使用各种杀虫剂来达到目的。但随着杀虫剂广泛、大量地使用,加之小莱娥生活史的特殊性,它对各种杀虫剂都发生了不同程度的抗药性,以致使许多原来很有效的杀虫剂相继地…  相似文献   

3.
小菜蛾已成为目前\"化学杀虫剂防治困难\"的典型害虫之一.面对此困境,利用丰富的小菜蛾天敌资源并取得持续的控制作用已成为国内外研究的热点.本文就近年来小菜蛾寄生性天敌的研究进展作一综述.  相似文献   

4.
小菜蛾远距离迁飞的证据研究综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着气候变暖,十字花科作物种植区北移,小菜蛾成为我国北方地区的重要害虫.远距离迁飞不仅引起小菜蛾大面积突然爆发,而且增大了抗药性基因扩散范围,导致抗药性大面积发展.阐明小菜蛾远距离迁飞对于早期监测预警与综合防治策略制订有重要意义.迄今为止,我国尚未对小菜蛾迁飞开展系统研究.本文总结了国内外有关小菜蛾远距离迁飞的研究结果,提出了小菜蛾远距离迁飞的证据:1)在冬季寒冷地区(如日本北部、加拿大西部和中国东北),小菜蛾无法越冬,推测翌年春季大量发生虫源是远距离迁飞而至;2)在海上观察船、山顶、海岛上或空中捕获到小菜蛾成虫,或直接观察到数量巨大的蛾群,为小菜蛾远距离迁飞提供了直接证据;3)小菜蛾地面成虫突增与昆虫远距离迁飞的适宜气象条件(如夜间逆温层、锋线过境等)相一致,为小菜蛾的远距离迁飞提供了适宜条件;4)垂直昆虫雷达识别的目标昆虫特征与小菜蛾的实验室测量特征和地面诱捕数据相吻合;5)小菜蛾不同地理种群的生物学性状和基因差异程度与地理距离无关,推测不同地点的小菜蛾之间进行频繁的基因交流;6)吊飞试验表明,小菜蛾具有远距离迁飞所需的飞行能力,且寄主植物的适合度下降可能是诱发小菜蛾迁飞的原因之一.最后展望了未来的研究方向:构建小菜蛾远距离迁飞轨迹模型,明确小菜蛾在我国远距离迁飞的路径;研究小菜蛾远距离迁飞的生理生化和生态学基础;提出小菜蛾迁飞条件下的种群抗药性治理策略.  相似文献   

5.
1985—1988年对宜宾地区的库蚊Culex Linnaeus,1758越冬情况作了观察,现将结果报告于后。方法每次于11月至翌年3月,各月捕捉40至60处次越冬场所的成蚊分类计数,并根据B.H.BeKпeMишeBa,1949的方法对脂肪体分级。同时对各型积水进行调查,将所获幼虫(蛹)置室内隔离饲养。以各虫期综合分类鉴定。结果捕获9种库蚊成虫276只,幼虫(蛹)2987只(见表)。表1985—1988年越冬库蚊观察蚊虫种类虫态各月捕获数(只)越冬场报1112123小计致倦库蚊成虫*172842189114室内、山洞Culex quinquefasciatus幼虫464298285△207△4811735废粪坑、污水坑小斑翅库…  相似文献   

6.
小菜蛾抗药性及其治理对策的研究进展   总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23  
小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的抗药性研究是一项全球性的重要课题。本从其抗药性发展、抗药性机理研究进展、抗药性检测及研究手段的状况、抗药性治理对策等方面,对小菜蛾抗药性的研究进展进行综述。目前,对小菜蛾抗药性的分子水平上的探讨甚少。  相似文献   

7.
中国小菜蛾群体遗传变异的时空动态   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella 是十字花科蔬菜最重要的迁移性害虫之一,在中国越冬区(OR)的群体和季节性繁殖区(SBR)的群体之间具有“源-汇”关系和复合群体的特征。本研究旨在揭示中国小菜蛾群体遗传变异的时空动态,以期进一步阐明该虫的迁移特性及其对区域灾变的影响。【方法】基于已经发表的4组不同采样时间中国小菜蛾 COI 序列(共1 567条)数据,将每个数据集细分为3组:OR群体、SBR群体以及特定采样时间(ST)的群体。对不同组(群体)进行遗传多样性、遗传分化、单倍型相似性和群体演化史的分析。【结果】基于 COI 序列的小菜蛾群体遗传变异分析结果表明,同一采样时间内,OR群体和SBR群体遗传多样性水平相当。虽然SBR群体在单倍型频率上不稳定,导致包含SBR的群体间遗传分化较大,但SBR群体单倍型均能够在同一采样时间的OR群体中找到,或SBR单倍型仅与OR单倍型相差2个碱基以内;SBR群体中单倍型频率在不同年份间变化大,遗传分化最大,而ST群体之间遗传分化的变异水平最低。不同采样时间样品 COI 序列的碱基错配分布图呈现相同的单峰状,且不同采样时间样本主要是由几种相同的单倍型构成。【结论】这些结果表明:迁移是影响中国季节性繁殖区小菜蛾群体遗传变异的主要因素;中国不同区域的小菜蛾群体遗传变异在时间尺度上具有稳定性和相关性。小菜蛾复合群体特征为阐明其季节性迁移特性提供了重要的生态学依据。  相似文献   

8.
通过对甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua越冬蛹过冷却点、各虫态发育起点温度、有效积温测定,结合10年来田间调查及越冬观察试验,表明甜菜夜蛾在鲁西南地区一般年份不能安全越冬,得出了每年初代虫源来于外地的结论,这对甜菜夜蛾预测预报和综合防治有着重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

9.
小菜蛾是世界性十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫,是产生抗药性最严重的害虫之一,一直是世界农业科技学者的研究热点。建国70年来,我国农业科技工作者做了大量的小菜蛾研究工作,在小菜蛾的发生规律、灾变机制、抗药性、抗药性机理及综合治理技术等方面均取得了诸多重要进展。本文对近70年来小菜蛾研究的重要结果、结论及相关重要进展进行了综述,对未来我国小菜蛾防控的新技术和新策略进行了展望。  相似文献   

10.
桔小实蝇自然种群蛹和越冬成虫的耐寒性   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
任璐  陆永跃  曾玲 《昆虫学报》2007,50(6):588-596
本文通过过冷却点和低温耐寒能力的测定,研究了我国桔小实蝇Boctrocera dorsalis (Hendel)不同季节种群和地理种群蛹的耐寒性规律。结果表明:桔小实蝇自然种群蛹的低温存活力有明显的季节规律,冬前种群的耐寒性显著强于夏季种群。如在0℃低温下暴露2天,夏季种群基本全部死亡,而冬前种群存活率仍为61.4%。2005-2006年不同月份桔小实蝇1日龄蛹过冷却点差异明显,以2月份均值最高,为-9.26℃,8月份最低,为-15.20℃;且2月份桔小实蝇蛹个体过冷却点值出现明显的分化现象,分别在-15℃左右和-6℃左右出现两个明显的聚集区。所研究的5个桔小实蝇地理区域种群没有出现明显的耐寒性分化。结合本文结果,文中还就桔小实蝇自然种群耐寒性影响因素进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
In response to reports of failures of sprays to control Plutella xylostella infestations in vegetable-growing areas around Adelaide in 1991, the extent of resistance to six insecticides in several South Australian populations of P. xylostella was determined. Populations sampled from vegetable crops in the Adelaide region were five- to 200-fold resistant to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, methamidophos and mevinphos), eight- to 400-fold resistant to pyrethroids (esfenvalerate and permethrin) and six-fold resistant to the carbamate methomyl compared with a susceptible strain. Mevinphos and esfenvalerate were the most effective of the tested insecticides. These, together with Bacillus thuringiensis products, have continued until 1998 to be used almost exclusively for the control of P. xylostella in South Australian vegetable crops in the absence of any resistance management strategy.  相似文献   

12.
    
We examined the genomic organization of the para-sodium channel alpha-subunit gene of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The nucleotide sequence contained 34 putative exons, which covered almost the entire coding region of the gene producing 1,889 amino acid residues. Deduced amino acid identity to the hscp locus of Heliothis virescens was 84%. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the permethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains showed two substitutions other than kdr and super-kdr-like substitutions. They were Ala to Thr (A1060T) and Pro to Ser (P1836S) at the linker region of the domains II-III and the carboxyl terminus, respectively. Furthermore, we developed PCR amplification protocols for the rapid detection of both substitutions.  相似文献   

13.
Effects of eight insecticides on Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., were evaluated under the laboratory conditions. The insecticides were three azadirachtin-based products (Ecozin, Agroneem and Neemix), two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products (Xentari and Crymax), indoxacarb, spinosad, and λ-cyhalothrin. When D. insulare pupae were treated, none of the insecticide treatments except λ-cyhalothrin significantly reduced adult emergence, with 76-90% adults emerged from the treated pupae. In the λ-cyhalothrin treatment, only 10% D. insulare pupae produced adult wasps. Indoxacarb, spinosad, and λ-cyhalothrin caused 100% D. insulare adult mortality in 24 h in Petri dishes sprayed with insecticides in the contact bioassays, and 95.8, 100 and 95.8% adult mortality in 24 h in the ingestion bioassays, respectively. In contrast, all three azadirachtin-based insecticides and the two Bt-insecticides caused only 0-10.4% mortality of D. insulare adults after ingestion. The surviving D. insulare from ingestion treatments with Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides parasitized 50.8-67.6% of P. xylostella larvae, respectively, compare to 72.1% for the water control. After ingesting indoxacarb, spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin mixed in honey-water, both the females and the males lived significantly shorter than those ingesting Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides and the non-insecticide honey-water. Effects of leaf residues of indoxacarb, spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin varied significantly. The leaf residues of spinosad had the least effects on D. insulare adults, and 7- and 10-day-old residue only caused 5.6 and 7.4% mortality in 24 h, whereas 10-day-old leaf residues of indoxacarb and λ-cyhalothrin caused 40.7 and 57.4% mortality in 24 h, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Abstract:  To monitor the resistance of field populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China to the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba and commercial formulation Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), six representative populations of the diamondback moth were collected from Shanghai, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces of China where crucifer crop plants are intensively planted. Bioassay results showed that the populations of the diamondback moth from different locations exhibited different levels of resistance, compared with a susceptible laboratory population. The Guangdong field population was 56.15- and 21.90-fold resistant to Cry1Ac and Btk, respectively. Shanghai, Hunan, Shandong and Zhejiang populations were 37.85-, 17.24-, 10.24- and 9.41-fold resistant to Cry1Ac, respectively, but were not resistant to Btk. The Hubei population did not show resistance to Cry1Ac and Btk. Almost all tested populations were susceptible to Cry1Ba, but the Guangdong population showed some tolerance to Cry1Ba with a LC50 of 0.69  μ g/ml which was 6.17-fold higher than that of the susceptible population. The results suggested that the complex resistance patterns of field populations of P. xylostella need to be considered for expression of Bt toxin genes in genetically-engineered crop plants and commercial formulations.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract:  The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of crucifers worldwide. It was the first crop insect reported to be resistant to DDT and now in many crucifer-producing regions it has shown significant resistance to almost every insecticide applied in field including biopesticides such as crystal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosyns from Saccharopolyspora spinosa . In certain parts of the world, economical production of crucifers has become almost impossible because of its resistance to insecticides and resulting control failure. A coordinated resistance management program needs to be implemented with the involvement of pesticide industry, local pesticide regulatory authorities, scientists and farmers. The judicious use of chemicals in conjunction with other control measures (e.g. biological control agents, resistant varieties, proper fertilization rates) is the best way to manage DBM and other pests of cruciferous crops. Introduction of glucosinolate-sulphatase inhibitors as plant-incorporated-products or sprayable material may also lead to a novel pest management strategy.  相似文献   

17.
We previously reported that Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasitoid of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella; Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) larvae, was attracted to volatiles from crucifer plants infested by moth larvae kept in a desktop acrylic box, and that a blend of four DBM‐induced plant volatiles was responsible for this attraction. In this study, using a specially designed dispenser to release the four compounds, we demonstrated that the wasp was attracted to intact komatsuna plants (Brassica rapa var. perviridis). The experiments were performed in a climate‐controlled room, which was approximately 1000 times larger than the acrylic box used previously. Similarly, using the dispenser in the field, C. vestalis females were attracted to intact komatsuna plants with the dispenser from a distance of three metres. We also examined the effect of the volatile blend on the incidence of parasitism of DBM larvae in the field. Three small containers containing DBM‐infested komatsuna plants with dispensers, and three control containers containing only infested plants (control) were arranged in two lines running perpendicular to a komatsuna field in which both DBM larvae and C. vestalis populations were maintained, at distances of 12, 30 and 70 m. The results showed that the incidence of DBM parasitism was significantly higher in containers containing dispensers than in the control containers, suggesting that the blend could potentially be applied to DBM control in agroecosystems.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract Effects of hexaflumuron at 10% lethal concentration (LC10) and LC25 on development and reproduction parameters of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1753) (Lep.: Yponomeutidae) were investigated. Estimated LC50, LC10 and LC25 values of leaf dip bioassay of hexaflumuron on the third instar larvae of the P. xylostella were 1.48, 0.59 and 0.91 mg/L, respectively. Hexaflumuron decreased pupal weight in the parent generation at sublethal concentrations but in the offspring generation, this effect was not observed. Sublethal concentrations increased egg, first and second larval instar and pupa developmental time and shortened life span of adults, but did not change the third and fourth larval instars and pre‐pupa developmental period. Also fecundity of females reduced significantly but hatchability of treatments and control were similar. Survival rate of pre‐adult stages declined significantly at LC25 concentration. Reproduction parameters such as reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase in sublethal concentrations were significantly lower compared with control, but gross reproduction rate (GRR) at the LC10 concentration was increased and it could be hormoligosis. Also hexaflumuron significantly increased doubling time (Dt). We conclude that the sublethal effects of hexaflumuron might exhibit significant effects on the population dynamics of P. xylostella.  相似文献   

19.
Two laboratory diamondback moth (DBM) strains were used to study the effects of injecting cadherin gene double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) on the growth and development of Plutella xylostella (L.). Specifically, the susceptible strain named DBM.1Ac‐S and the low resistant strain DBM.1Ac‐R selected with Cry1Ac toxin were studied. The third larvae of the two strains were injected dsRNA of cadherin gene and their corresponding controls, DBM.1Ac‐RH and DBM.1Ac‐SH, were both injected diethypyrocarbonate (DEPC)‐treated water respectively. The basic biological properties such as death rate, hatching ratio, fecundity, weight of pupa and eclosion rate of the strains mentioned above were likewise studied. Meanwhile, the length and width of the egg and pupa were also measured. The results showed that the cadherin gene dsRNA injection resulted in a significant increase of the death rate and sex ratio. On the other hand, hatching ratio, fecundity, weight of pupa, eclosion rate and adult longevity for male and female of treatments decreased compared to their corresponding controls. As such, there was no significant difference on the length of egg and pupa in between treatments and the corresponding controls. However, their width increased inversely with their corresponding controls. Hence, the results suggest that cadherin gene dsRNA injection retarded the larval growth and development of P. xylostella. Also, these results can help reveal the function of cadherin gene through the RNA interference technique.  相似文献   

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