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1.
亓东明  郑发科 《四川动物》2007,26(3):632-634
通过以洋槐蚜Aphis robiniae Macchiati为食物对龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica(Thunberg)进行室内饲养和观察,记述了龟纹瓢虫幼虫的孵化、蜕皮行为,成虫的羽化、捕食、交配、产卵行为,并对幼虫成虫的自残行为进行了初步观察。结果表明幼虫孵化、蜕皮,成虫羽化后均有取食自己蜕皮时产生的残皮的行为;龟纹瓢虫成虫捕食行为分为搜寻、捕捉、清洁、静止排泄4个步骤;交配一般由雄虫发起,雌虫背负成虫进行交配。龟纹瓢虫每产一粒卵平均耗时3.75秒,两粒卵之间产卵时间间隔约31.75秒,每次产卵量平均12枚;龟纹瓢虫存在自残行为,成虫在食物不足时会取食幼虫和虫卵,高龄幼虫在饥饿的状态下也取食低龄幼虫和卵,且同龄幼虫之间也会出现相互咬食的现象。  相似文献   

2.
垫跗螋Chelisoches morio (Fabricius)是入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima (Gestro)的一种本地天敌.为了了解垫跗螋的生物学习性和控害潜能,本文对垫跗螋的形态特征、生长发育、重要生物学习性以及对椰心叶甲的捕食选择性和捕食量进行了观察研究.垫跗螋雌成虫将产的卵堆积在一起,抱孵在体下,且不时用口器翻动重排卵,受到惊扰时会吃掉卵,甚至初孵的若虫.在室温条件下(20±2)℃,以椰心叶甲2龄幼虫为食料,垫跗螋从卵至成虫的平均发育历期为(107.9±15.2)d;平均每头雌虫产卵量为(138.7±59.5)粒;垫跗螋成虫对椰心叶甲2龄幼虫的日平均捕食量为(6.7±1.1)头.寄主龄期选择性实验表明,垫跗螋成虫和4龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的2龄幼虫;3龄和2龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的1龄幼虫.  相似文献   

3.
周登祥  郑发科 《四川动物》2007,26(1):112-113
室内观察了柳蓝叶甲成虫越冬条件下的行为和耐饥力大小。结果表明:越冬条件下柳蓝叶甲少有活动和进食行为,呈假死状态。饥饿和无水条件下单头柳蓝叶甲成虫平均寿命为14.8±2.962d,饥饿有水条件下其平均寿命为5.3±0.967d。随着密度的增加,柳蓝叶甲耐饥力是增加的,一雌一雄、二雌二雄和四雌四雄的平均耐饥力大小为:12.25±1.687d、13.38±1.321d、21.63±2.184d。同时对性别导致的耐饥力大小也进行了简单的分析,雌性耐饥力比雄性稍强。  相似文献   

4.
豚草条纹萤叶甲的交配和产卵行为   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
孟玲  李保平 《昆虫知识》2006,43(6):806-809
在我国大陆发现的豚草条纹萤叶甲Ophraella communaLeSage原产于北美洲,取食入侵生物豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.)。通过观察该叶甲的交配和产卵行为以及两者之间的相关性,结果表明,豚草条纹萤叶甲一生多次交配,室内观察1次交配时间平均为38.2min,产卵历期平均13.2d,每雌平均产卵312.1粒;但野外产卵量高于室内,平均为553.8粒;卵多聚产在植株幼嫩叶片的背面。雌成虫平均寿命为16.0d。雌成虫随交配次数的增多,产卵量增大、产卵历期和成虫寿命延长,存在显著的直线相关性。  相似文献   

5.
通过解剖椰心叶甲被寄生僵虫统计椰心叶甲啮小蜂未成熟期的发育历期、存活率与生殖力数据,编制了椰心叶甲啮小蜂的实验种群生命表.常温下椰心叶甲啮小蜂卵、幼虫和蛹的历期分别为3.1、5.0 d和9.3 d,啮出前期为2.1 d.卵、幼虫和蛹的存活率分别为0.9184、0.9521和0.9818,椰心叶甲啮小蜂的成虫羽化率为0.9,单雌产卵量为23.78粒,种群趋势指数为12 45.通过此生命表的组建,讨论了生命表中种群趋势指数(I)与生殖力表中净增殖力(R0)的关系,认为这两个概念本为同一含义,应该合并.此外,在成虫寿命大于等于2d的情况下,成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率乘积的和小于1,且成虫寿命越长其值越小,结果导致在不考察成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率的情况下种群趋势指数被严重高估,因此组建任何形式的生命表都应考察并计入成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率.  相似文献   

6.
【目的】食卵自相残杀现象常见于瓢虫中,业已明确取食同胞卵对于初孵瓢虫至关重要,但取食非同胞卵的营养价值是否高于蚜虫仍存争议。本研究旨在明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis在幼虫期除取食蚜虫外兼捕食非同胞卵是否影响其雌成虫的生殖表现。【方法】在异色瓢虫幼虫期设置3个饲喂处理,即仅饲喂禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(对照)、除饲喂蚜虫外还分别给各龄幼虫饲喂少量非同胞卵(分散食卵)以及除饲喂蚜虫外仅给高龄幼虫饲喂较多非同胞卵(集中食卵)等,观察雌成虫体型大小、产卵前期、连续10 d的逐日产卵量和卵孵化率等形态和生殖特性。【结果】饲喂处理对瓢虫雌成虫体型大小无显著影响,对照、分散食卵和集中食卵3种饲喂处理下的雌成虫身体体积分别为92.30,89.73和93.98 mm~3;饲喂处理对雌成虫产卵前期也无显著影响,3种饲喂处理下雌成虫产卵前期分别为7.50,7.74和7.70 d;但饲喂处理对雌虫生殖力具有显著影响,分散食卵处理与对照无显著差异,羽化后10 d分散食卵和对照下累计产卵量分别为185和205粒,但集中食卵(88粒)比对照或分散食卵的产卵量显著降低;饲喂处理对卵孵化率无显著影响,对照、分散食卵和集中食卵3种饲喂处理下的卵孵化率分别为63.10%,72.58%和66.61%。【结论】结果说明,异色瓢虫各龄幼虫偶尔取食非同胞卵不影响其成虫的生长发育和生殖,但高龄幼虫捕食较多非同胞卵可降低其雌成虫的生殖力。  相似文献   

7.
【背景】植食性昆虫对产卵场所的选择行为受多种因素的影响,其中寄主植物的发育阶段和被同种其他个体利用程度是影响其产卵选择的重要因素之一。【方法】采用野外罩笼的选择性试验,观察了广聚萤叶甲成虫对不同生长发育阶段、不同被取食程度、不同落卵量的豚草植株的产卵选择行为,分析产卵选择频次,用Cox比例风险模型拟合识别期以估计产卵选择偏好性。【结果】开花期豚草被选择产卵的风险(瞬间概率)仅为生长期的16.5%,苗期豚草被选择产卵的风险为生长期的34.1%;成虫对3种被食程度豚草的产卵选择频次之间存在显著差异(n=20,P<0.01),在3级被食程度豚草上产卵次数最多(12次),而在5级被食豚草上产卵次数最少(2次),表明成虫明显偏好将卵产于已被中等程度取食的植株上;成虫对不同落卵量植株(0、4、8个.株-1)未表现出显著的产卵偏好,对不同密度(高、低)斑块的豚草的产卵选择亦无显著差异。【结论与意义】豚草生育期和被取食程度影响广聚萤叶甲雌虫的产卵选择,而植株上的落卵量和豚草密度对产卵选择没有影响。  相似文献   

8.
为探明爵床(Justicia procumbens)甲醇提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性,采用室内生测法测定了爵床甲醇提取物对小菜蛾的触杀、拒食、胃毒、生长发育抑制和产卵忌避作用。结果表明,爵床甲醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫具有较强的触杀、拒食、胃毒和生长发育抑制活性,对小菜蛾成虫具有较强的产卵忌避活性。在触杀试验中,药后1、2 d和3 d爵床甲醇提取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为5.17、4.05和3.06 mg/m L;在拒食试验中,药后1 d和2 d提取物对3龄幼虫的选择性拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为2.64和3.13 mg/m L,药后1 d和2 d提取物对3龄幼虫的非选择性拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为3.70、4.54 mg/m L;在胃毒试验中,药后4、5、6 d和7 d提取物对3龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为8.13、3.65、2.88、2.23 mg/m L;在生长发育抑制试验中,药后1 d和2 d提取物对3龄幼虫的抑制中浓度(IC50)分别为2.02、1.40 mg/m L;在产卵忌避试验中,药后1、2 d和3 d提取物对小菜蛾成虫的选择性产卵忌避中浓度(AOC50)分别为2.61、3.66、4.58 mg/m L,药后1、2和3 d提取物对小菜蛾成虫的非选择性产卵忌避中浓度(AOC50)分别为3.19、4.52、5.65 mg/m L。由此证实,爵床提取物对小菜蛾具有显著的毒杀活性,具有开发为新型高效、低毒植物源农药的潜在价值。  相似文献   

9.
食物对棉铃虫生长发育及繁殖的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
侯茂林  盛承发 《昆虫学报》2000,43(2):168-175
用棉花、花生、玉米及人工饲料作为食料,模拟幼虫田间取食习性,同时为雌蛾设立补充和无补充营养两个处理,研究了食物对棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) 生长发育及繁殖的影响。4种食料组幼虫历期之间有显著差异;雌、雄蛹重花生组显著小于其余三组。雌蛾腹部干重及其脂肪百分含量与雌蛹体重的排列顺序一样,雌蛾腹部干重人工饲料组显著大于棉花组和花生组。雌蛾寿命和繁殖受幼虫食料和成虫食物的双重影响。喂10%蜂蜜时,雌蛾寿命、交配率和产卵量在四个幼虫食料组之间没有显著差异。但喂以清水时,花生组雌蛾均未交配,寿命和产卵量显著小于其余三组。从同种幼虫食料来看,除人工饲料组外,其余3组雌蛾喂清水时的产卵量和寿命均比喂10%蜂蜜溶液时的显著下降。基于这些结果,作者认为棉花、玉米比花生更适合于棉铃虫的生长发育和繁殖。在田间自然栽培状态下,不同食料植物的糖分含量对棉铃虫生长发育和繁殖影响较大,含氮量的变化影响小。  相似文献   

10.
红棕象甲室内生物学特性及形态观察   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
在室内对红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Fab.生物学特性和形态进行系统观察。结果表明在26℃、RH80%、寄主食料华盛顿棕榈饲养条件下,红棕象甲世代历期平均114.77d,最短87.00d、最长166.00d,其中卵期平均3.50d,幼虫期平均36.68d,结茧到产卵前历期平均29.96d。幼虫以8龄为主,1~2龄幼虫的体重小于0.01g,头壳宽短于1.0mm,3龄后幼虫体重、头壳宽度、体长和体宽开始增加,8龄时幼虫平均体重为3.36g,头壳宽度6.0mm。成虫雌雄性比1.78∶1,补充营养能显著延长成虫寿命,在无补充营养时,雌雄成虫寿命只有7.00d左右,而在补充营养后,雌雄成虫寿命最长可分别达130.00d和244.00d。雌虫产卵量最大376粒,最小89粒,平均216粒。  相似文献   

11.
Imported willow leaf beetles Plagiodera versicolora oviposit on willow leaves, and both larvae and adults feed on the leaves. In the field, eggs were found on leaves near the center of branchlets, and the number of eggs per cluster was independent of the leaf area and position. However, in the laboratory, females chose young leaves over old leaves, for both oviposition and feeding and choice did not rely on information on relative position or size of leaves. Developing on young versus old leaves may provide both advantages and disadvantages. In the laboratory, larvae developed more quickly and attained a greater adult weight when fed young versus old leaves, perhaps because of increased mandibular wear of larvae fed old leaves. However, in the field, survival of eggs was lower on young versus old leaves. In the laboratory, rates of cannibalism and survivorship to adulthood did not differ on young versus old leaves.  相似文献   

12.
The selection of oviposition and feeding sites within cotton plants by Spodoptera littoralis was investigated in the field in 2 years, 2007 and 2008. The female moths exhibited significant oviposition preference for young leaves (YL), particularly the 3rd and 4th leaves from top. The larvae originating from egg batches deposited on YL fed mostly in situ for about 5 days, after which they gradually moved their feeding site toward fully expanded or mature leaves on the same individual plant or on neighboring plants. Larvae hatching from batches deposited on fully expanded leaves (FE) fed in situ only for about 2 days, after which they moved toward younger leaves, where they fed for about 3 more days. After the fifth day, however, larvae of the two groups dispersed mainly downward and outward from their hatching site until the end of a 12-day observation. Larvae hatching from eggs deposited on mature or pre-senescent leaves (MP) moved mainly horizontally to other plants after a slight upward shift. The YL and FE larvae grew significantly faster than MP larvae, both in the field and in a laboratory experiment. In the laboratory experiment, the larval period was shorter and the pupal weight was higher when the animals were offered young leaves or young and fully expanded leaves, than when the animals were offered mature and pre-senescent leaves during the first 5 days after hatching. Possible causes and advantages of the exhibited oviposition preference, as well as the apparent ability of larvae to correct for small egg misplacements made by the females, are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The preference‐performance hypothesis predicts that female insects should prefer to lay eggs in locations that enhance offspring performance. This study examines the choices of females regarding where to oviposit within plants, focusing on the hawkmoth Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and its host Datura wrightii Regel (Solanaceae) in the southwestern USA. Smaller Datura leaves provide cooler microclimates for eggs (which may lead to faster embryonic development, shortening their exposure to egg predators) and more nitrogen for larvae. In contrast, large leaves reach temperatures that are stressfully high (which slows embryonic development) and provide less nitrogen for larvae. Thus, we would expect females to oviposit on small leaves. To examine whether leaf size influences female preference and offspring performance, we used laboratory and field studies to address the following questions. (1) On what size leaves do females typically oviposit? (2) Does the distribution of eggs in nature differ from that expected by chance? And (3) how does leaf size affect survival or growth of eggs and larvae? We find that oviposition choices of females do not lead to the highest probability of offspring survival. Females lay eggs on larger leaves, likely due to the greater accessibility of those leaves; however, eggs are more likely to hatch on small leaves. Larvae grow faster on large leaves, but larvae are also surprisingly mobile, suggesting that the consequences of oviposition site are minor once eggs have hatched. Larval mobility was seen only in the field, not in the laboratory, emphasizing the importance of field studies for predicting real‐world performance. Although females' leaf choices are potentially risky for eggs, the threats of high temperature and predation may vary sufficiently in space and time that there is no consistent selection for strong preferences. Furthermore, the fitness consequences for eggs and larvae largely offset each other and offspring are sufficiently mobile to cope with the conditions where they are laid.  相似文献   

14.
韦德卫  于永浩  曾涛 《昆虫知识》2008,45(2):269-271
在27℃条件下,以粗脚粉螨Acarus siro L.为饲料饲养观察南非盲走螨Typhlodromus(Anthoseius) transvaalensis(Nesbitt)的生长发育和繁殖情况,组建实验种群生命表。结果表明,南非盲走螨行孤雌生殖,卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨、成螨产卵前期各阶段发育历期分别为2.00,0.72,1.96,1.53,1.77d,完成1个世代发育需7.98d,雌成螨平均寿命14.82d、平均产卵量25.75粒,各种群生命参数分别为:净增殖率R0=25.01,世代平均周期T=13.71,内禀增长率rm=0.23,周限增长率λ=1.26,种群倍增所需日数t=2.95。采用小空间湿度控制法,测定不同湿度对南非盲走螨卵的孵化和成螨产卵的影响。结果表明,卵发育和孵化的最适湿度为75.0%~85.0%,96.0%的相对高湿度对成螨的产卵和存活均有不利影响。以橘全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor不同螨态为猎物时,南非盲走螨对橘全爪螨幼螨的捕食量最大,日平均捕食量为5.40头,而对橘全爪螨雌成螨则几乎不取食。  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this work was to study biological aspects and the life cycle of Hylesia Metapyrrha in a laboratory. Laboratorial breeding was made at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% UR and 14 hours of photophase, feeding the larvae with guava leaves (Psidium guayava L. - Myrtaceae). Time was evaluated on the days of all the development stages; morphometry was evaluated in millimeters and the pupas mass in grams. The eggs were disposed in groups and covered by urticating abdominal hair. The incubation period lasted 52 days. The larvae, with gregarious habits, presented background black coloration, yellowish scoli and two orange longitudinal lines above and below the spiracles, during the development which lasted an average period of 74.59 days and went through seven instars. The pre-pupa and the pupa stages lasted on average 8.82 and 50.56 days, respectively; the female pupae presented a duration, weight and size which was significantly bigger. The adult stage lasted on average 5.50 days with periods of pre, post and oviposition of 2.30, 1.90 and 1.00 days, respectively. This study broadens the knowledge of the immature stages, biological, morphological and behavioral aspects, until then restricted to the morphology and to registers of the occurrence of the adult forms.  相似文献   

16.
The oviposition behaviour of the water-lily beetle Galerucella nymphaeae was examined. This species is a specialist herbivore on the floating leaves of nymphaeids Nymphaeaceae and especially on the yellow water-lily, Nuphar lutea. Females lay their eggs in clutches on the leaves, and after hatching, the larvae feed on the leaves. The quality of the leaves decreases quickly after the larvae hatch, and eventually the leaves will sink below the water surface, whereupon the eggs, 1st-instar larvae and pupae are killed by drowning. The influence of conspecific eggs, larvae and feeding tracks on the oviposition preferences of the beetles was tested. Females were allowed to choose between fresh leaves and leaves with conspecific eggs and larvae as well as between leaves with larvae and leaves with feeding tracks but no larvae. An attempt was also made to determine whether eggs and larvae affect the oviposition rate of females when they are not given the opportunity to oviposit on untouched leaves. The results indicate that females tended to avoid leaves with conspecific larvae or to exhibit a decreased oviposition rate on such leaves. Females also avoided conspecific eggs, although the oviposition rate was not influenced by the presence of conspecific eggs. When females were allowed to choose between leaves with larvae and leaves with feeding tracks, possible discrimination against leaves with larvae just fails to reach the 5% level.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】农作物间套作对害虫的影响很大程度上取决于害虫的行为反应,通过研究玉米/甘蔗套作系统中植物气味对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee)行为的影响,将为利用化学生态手段防治套作田中的害虫提供依据。【方法】通过昆虫触角电位实验、成虫产卵和幼虫取食实验,测定了甘蔗、玉米植株及二氯甲烷漂洗物对亚洲玉米螟成虫产卵、幼虫取食的影响。【结果】亚洲玉米螟成虫在甘蔗植株上的落卵量(卵粒数、卵块数)与玉米植株差异不显著,取食甘蔗植株的幼虫数量显著低于玉米植株。亚洲玉米螟对甘蔗、玉米叶片漂洗物均可产生EAG反应,且在同一浓度下的反应值之间无显著差异。成虫产卵量(卵粒数、卵块数)在0.1 gE/mL浓度的甘蔗和玉米漂洗物间差异不显著;幼虫对经甘蔗叶片漂洗物处理过的饲料的相对取食率均低于65.00%,显著低于玉米漂洗物处理的饲料。【结论】甘蔗和玉米气味对亚洲玉米螟产卵的影响没有差异,但甘蔗气味会导致初孵幼虫表现出很强的逃逸行为。  相似文献   

18.
Herbivorous insects may be informed about the presence of competitors on the same host plant by a variety of cues. These cues can derive from either the competitor itself or the damaged plant. In the mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), adults are known to be deterred from feeding and oviposition by the exocrine glandular secretion of conspecific co-occurring larvae. We hypothesised that the exocrine larval secretion released by feeding larvae may adsorb to the surface of Chinese cabbage leaves, and thus, convey the information about their former or actual presence. Further experiments tested the influence of leaves damaged by conspecific larvae, mechanically damaged leaves, larval frass and regurgitant on the oviposition and feeding behaviour of P. cochleariae. Finally, the effect of previous conspecific herbivory on larval development and larval host selection was assessed. Our results show that (epi)chrysomelidial, the major component of the exocrine secretion from P. cochleariae larvae, was detectable by GC-MS in surface extracts from leaves upon which larvae had fed. However, leaves exposed to volatiles of the larval secretion were not avoided by female P. cochleariae for feeding or oviposition. Thus, we conclude that secretion volatiles did not adsorb in sufficient amounts on the leaf surface to display deterrent activity towards adults. By contrast, gravid females avoided to feed and lay their eggs on leaves damaged by second-instar larvae for three days when compared to undamaged leaves. Mechanical damage of leaves and treatment of artificially damaged leaves with larval frass or regurgitant did not affect oviposition and feeding of P. cochleariae. Since no adverse effects of previous herbivory on larval development were detected, we suggest that female P. cochleariae avoid Chinese cabbage leaves damaged by feeding larvae for other reasons than escape from competition or avoidance of direct negative effects that result from consuming induced plant material.  相似文献   

19.
This study examined the fecundity, oviposition, nymphal development and longevity of field‐collected samples of the tropical bedbug, Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Under environmental conditions of 26±2°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and a 12‐h photoperiod, with bloodmeals provided by a human host, six strains of tropical bedbug had a fecundity of up to 50 eggs per lifetime, over 11–14 oviposition cycles. Increased feeding frequency improved fecundity. After feeding and mating, adult females normally took 2–3 days to produce a first batch of eggs. The oviposition period lasted 2–7 days before cessation of the oviposition cycle. The egg incubation period usually lasted 5–7 days before the emergence of first instars. The nymphs underwent five stadia (the first four of which each took 3–4 days, whereas the last took 4–5 days) before becoming adults at a sex ratio of 1 : 1. More than five bloodmeals were required by the nymphs to ensure a successful moult. Unmated adults lived significantly longer than mated adults (P < 0.05). Unmated females lived up to almost 7 months, but the longevity of mated males and females did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

20.

The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), was reared aseptically from newly hatched larvae to adults for three generations on a meridic diet. Growth and development on this diet were comparable with that on oligidic diets and on host‐plants. At 25 ± 1°C, 50–60% R.H., and 12‐h photophase, the average larval period was approx. 28 days, pre‐pupal and pupal 11–12 days, and pre‐oviposition approx. 2 days; the incuva‐tion period of eggs was approx. 7 days. The average developmental period from egg to adult was thus about 49 days; 89 % of larvae reached the adult stage. The average fecundity was 598 eggs per female, and the sex ratio was nearly 1:1. There were no differences in the rate of development or in fecundity of insects reared on media with and without a mould inhibitor.  相似文献   

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