河南伏牛山两栖动物资源调查

于2003年8月21～30日、10月1～6日、2004年3月17日～5月28日,采用样线法或样地法,结合资料和走访调查,目前伏牛山共有两栖动物12种,隶属2目、4科、9属,占河南省现有两栖动物物种总数的46.2%.其中分布于南坡的有12种,北坡有9种,南坡比北坡物种丰富、群落多样性高.     

IUCN中国两栖动物保护行动计划研讨会在北京成功召开

为了应对全球性的两栖动物衰减现状,配合“世界两栖动物保护行动计划（AmphibianConservationActionPlan）”、“两栖动物方舟计划（AmphibianArk）”和“2008年爱蛙年（2008yearofthefrog）”等重大活动,由世界自然保护联盟物种保存委员会两栖动物专家组（中国区）（IUCN／SSC—AmphibianSpecialistGroup—ChinaRegion）和中国动物学会共同主办“IUCN中国两栖动物保护行动计划研讨会”于2008年6月26～2813在北京召开。     

倡议开展中国最珍稀濒危两栖动物评选活动

两栖动物是一类在进化和自然环境保护中非常重要的类群,目前面临着最严峻的生死存亡考验。我国是一个生物资源大国,两栖动物物种多样性位列全世界所有国家的第五位,而且特有种类非常丰富,是全世界两栖动物保护的重要地区。为配合“2008年-世界蛙年”活动,唤起人们关注和保护我国的两栖动物,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）物种生存委员会两栖动物中国区专家组等正酝酿向广大两栖动物研究、保护和爱好人士发出倡议,在全国开展中国最有代表性的珍稀濒危两栖动物评选活动,评选出10～20个中国优先保护两栖动物。通过评选,推动我国的两栖动物保护和生物学研究工作,向广大民众普及两栖动物保护知识,促进全民对我国两栖动物的保护意识的提高。     

广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区的两栖爬行动物

2004年5月～2005年12月,对猫儿山国家级自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了初步调查,新观察和采集到两栖动物10种、爬行动物17种.至此,猫儿山共有两栖动物35种、爬行动物38种.     

海南岛稻田两栖动物资源调查及保护对策探讨

2006年5月～2008年2月对海南岛稻田两栖动物资源进行了野外调查,共采得两栖动物标本15种,隶属于5科11属,结合文献资料,海南岛有两栖动物38种,隶属7科20属.其区系组成东洋界种类明显占优势,占总物种的93.33%,特有种占13.3%.     

湖南莽山国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源调查与分析

为掌握野生动物资源现状,促进自然保护区的有效管理,2008～2011年,作者每年在湖南莽山国家级自然保护区(以下简称莽山自然保护区)对10条调查样带(长3～6 km,单侧宽5 m)内的两栖动物资源进行实地调查,同时将该保护区海拔400～1 800 m的区域按200 m均匀地分为7个海拔小带,对两栖动物垂直分布特点进行研究。结果显示,莽山自然保护区现已记录两栖类36种,隶属2目7科。其中以蛙科17种和角蟾科6种为多;其动物区系组成以34种东洋界种类占明显优势,并以17种华中区与华南区共有种为主;有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物1种,中国特有种12种。寒露林蛙(Rana hanluica)、棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)和中国雨蛙(Hyla chinensis)为莽山自然保护区两栖动物新纪录。莽山自然保护区两栖动物垂直分布现象较明显,大致以海拔1 400 m为分界点,两栖动物物种组成有较大变化;海拔600～800 m小带的物种数最多。最后基于历史资料,分析了两栖动物多样性的历史变迁。     

重庆市两栖动物物种多样性研究及保护

1996～2005年对重庆直辖市36个县（区、市）进行野外调查采集,结合有关资料记载,重庆市共有两栖动物2目9科18属45种,其中有尾目6种,无尾目弧胸类（蟾类）12种、固胸类（蚌类）27种。建议加强对该市两栖动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用两栖动物资源。     

河南省老君山自然保护区两栖动物多样性与保护

2005年8月～2008年10月对河南省老君山自然保护区的两栖动物资源进行了调查,保护区共有两栖动物8种,隶属于2目6科8属.区系组成中广布种、东洋界种和古北界种分别为4、3、1种,分别占总数的50%、37.5%、12.5%.大鲵为珍稀濒危物种,黑斑侧褶蛙和太行隆肛蛙为优势种群,秦巴拟小鲵和宁陕齿突蟾为近两年发现的河南省两栖动物新纪录.根据考察结果,提出了多样性保护对策与建议.     

汶川地震对两栖动物栖息地的影响

2008年5月汶川地震对两栖动物栖息地造成了巨大的影响。采用卫星遥感照片评估了汶川地震后3种两栖动物栖息地震损状况,结果表明:(1)15.2%的两栖动物的适宜栖息地遭到了地震的破坏;(2)震损栖息地纬向分布于31°～32°N之间,震区的南部和中部;(3)被破坏的栖息地垂直分布于2000m以下的中低海拔区段。汶川地震及次生灾害使两栖动物的生存和发展面临着极严重风险。     

湖北房县野人谷自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性调查

2004年7～8月,对湖北省房县野人谷自然保护区两栖动物和爬行动物进行专项调查.分别记录到两栖动物25种,隶属2目8科;爬行动物34种,隶属3目9科.对它们的物种组成、地理区系特点和保护等级进行了研究,并对保护区的两栖爬行动物资源提出保护建议     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。