官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地适宜性评价

2009年4月-2009年5月和2009年12月-2010年1月,在江西官山国家级自然保护区对白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti) 繁殖期和越冬期的栖息地进行调查。通过实地调查,结合已有研究结果,确定了官山自然保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地适宜性评价因子,即植被类型、海拔、坡度和坡向等4个栖息地因子。基于"被利用生境-可获得生境比较法",以对各评价因子不同梯度的资源选择指数为依据,确定了白颈长尾雉适宜性评价准则。应用ArcGIS 9.3空间分析功能和栖息地片断化指数,对官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地进行了适宜性评价。结果表明:在官山自然保护区适宜白颈长尾雉繁殖的栖息地斑块有502个,总面积为3307 hm²,占保护区总面积的28.6%,分离度指数和片断化程度指数分别为0.365和0.912;适宜白颈长尾雉越冬的栖息地斑块有514个,总面积2755 hm²,占保护区总面积的23.8%,分离度指数和片断化程度指数分别为0.443和0.939。官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地片断化较严重,片断化现象在白颈长尾雉越冬期加剧。因此,迫切需要采取措施白颈长尾雉现存栖息地进行保护,特别是要高度重视其越冬栖息地的保护。     

浙江西部白颈长尾雉栖息地片断化研究

１９９年８～１０月和１９９５年１１～１２月,采用直接测定法,对浙江西部开化县小北垅、水坞和严村山区的白颈长尾雉（Ｓｙｒｍａｔｉｃｕｓ ｅｌｌｉｏｔｉ）栖息地片断化现状进行调查,提出了片断化程度指数（Ｆ）与运算公式,并采用该指地白颈长尾雉栖片断化程度进行测定与分析。栖息地的片断化与丧失将导致白颈长尾雉栖息地面积的减少。     

白颈长尾雉与白鹇秋冬季空间生态位比较

2008年9月-2009年2月,在江西官山国家级自然保护区对白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)及其栖息地生态因子进行调查,通过8个资源轴分析了2个种的多维生态位宽度、重叠及种间竞争.结果表明,白鹇和白颈长尾雉综合空间生态位宽度分别仅为0.268和0.294;白鹇的海拔和坡度空间生态位大于白颈长尾雉.而白颈长尾雉的坡向生态位宽度大于白鹇,在其他资源轴上二者接近;白颈长尾雉和白鹇的栖息地生态位相似性为0.425,竞争系数为0.584,竞争比较激烈.应加强低海拔地区植被及水源的保护,减少人为干扰.     

再引入黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地选择

2008年6～7月,在广西岑王老山国家级自然保护区采用样带法对再引入黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)的栖息地选择进行了研究。共测定了7条样带上的22个栖息地样方和17个对照样方的24个生态因子。结果表明,再引入黑颈长尾雉的夏季栖息地偏向于选择海拔低、坡位低、乔木较低和灌木较高、落叶盖度较大、灌木层盖度大、草本高且盖度大的阔叶林、针阔混交林或者针叶林;逐步判别分析的结果显示坡位、草本层盖度是重要的生态因子,由这两个变量构成的方程在对栖息地和对照区进行区分时,正判率可以达到77.3%,这种选择与黑颈长尾雉的隐蔽条件和食物密切相关。     

白颈长尾雉

白颈长尾雉分布于长江以南、北纬24—31°的华东和华南地区,多栖于海拔300一800米的山谷林地内,以阔叶林和混交林为其最适栖息地。 白颈长尾难道常3—4只成小群活动,其活动以早晚为主,并形成两个日活动高峰。当然该雉的活动受到气候条件.食物基地、季节变化和人类活动等因素影响。 由于滥浦乱猎和栖息地的破坏,白颈长尾雉的数量十分稀少,已处于濒危状态。     

白颈长尾雉生物学研究进展及展望

白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)是地栖生活的大型森林鸟类, 为我国特有珍稀鸟类。由于白颈长尾雉栖息地片段化与丧失, 导致该物种种群数量减少及局部地区种群灭绝, 为有效保护该物种。国内外学者针对白颈长尾雉生态学和生物学开展了大量研究。文章从种群生态、栖息地、迁移及活动区、食性及觅食、繁殖生态、遗传及生理、濒危原因与保护对策等方面对白颈长尾雉的研究成果进行了综述。同时, 对白颈长尾雉下一步的研究工作提出了建议。     

笼养白颈长尾雉和黑颈长尾雉冬季能量代谢的比较研究

采用全部收粪法试验、代谢试验和统计分析,对不同日龄组白颈长尾雉（Syrrnaticus ellioti）和黑颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus humiae）的能量代谢进行对比研究,表明冬季3～4年种鸡组白颈长尾雉和黑颈长尾雉每只每天平均摄入能分别为（461．90±129．06）KJ和（425．67±61．24）KJ,能量代谢率分别为（87．14±1．56）％和（89．66±1．09）％;210日龄组白颈长尾雉和黑颈长尾雉每只每天平均摄入能分别为（492．78±160．41）KJ和（560．59±133．18）KJ;能量代谢率分别为（84．83±2．25）％和（86．98±1．26）％,这说明冬季黑颈长尾雉的能量代谢率高于白颈长尾雉。     

广西金钟山片段化生境中黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地选择

2011和2012年夏季,采用无线电跟踪技术跟踪了8只野生黑颈长尾雉(6♂,2♀),野外共测量了204个10 m×10 m样方的20个生态因子,其中利用样方111个,未利用样方93个。采用独立样本的t检验或非参数Mann-Whitney U定量分析表明:黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地利用和未利用样方的生态因子坡位、与林缘距离、草本盖度、灌木高度、草本密度和乔木胸径差异不显著(P0.05),其余的生态因子在利用和未利用样方存在显著差异(P0.05)。主成分分析显示:夏季特征值大于1的主分量共有5个,其累计贡献率达到64.23%,第1主成分为食物因素,是影响黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地选择的主要因素;其余主成分分别为安全因素、干扰因素、地理因素和水源因素。不同生境斑块类型中食物资源的可用性影响夏季黑颈长尾雉栖息地选择。     

贵州雷公山亦有白颈长尾雉分布

贵州雷公山亦有白颈长尾雉分布梁伟（黔东南教育学院生化系凯里５５６０００）关键词白颈长尾雉，分布白颈长尾雉（Ｓｙｒｍａｔｉｃｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｉ）国内主要分布于安徽南部、浙江、江西、福建和广东北部等地（郑作新，１９７６年）。近年来广西和湖南等地也见有其分...     

云南大中山黑颈长尾雉栖息地选择周年变化

采用比较利用和可利用栖息地的方法,分别对云南大中山黑颈长尾雉秋冬季、春季和夏季栖息地展开调查。检验和Bonferroni置信区间分析结果表明,黑颈长尾雉不同季节均偏向选择常绿阔叶林,偏向选择或回避选择的乔木、灌木和草本的种类不尽相同。利用和可利用样方差异性检验显示,不同季节对地形因素的选择性不明显,仅夏季距水源距离一个因子差异显著;植被因子中,春季差异显著的仅有乔木层盖度因子,夏季有乔木密度、乔木层盖度、落叶层盖度和草本层盖度等4个因子,秋冬季有乔木层盖度、草本层盖度和藤本密度等3个因子。主成分分析表明,不同季节利用样方负荷绝对值较大的因子在各主成分中的序位不尽相同,即栖息地选择的主要生态因子随季节发生变化。单因素方差分析和逐步判别分析表明,秋冬季与春季栖息地特征较接近,而与夏季差别较大。χ2     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.