水利风景 悄然崛起

水利风景区的建设发展与水利发展息息相关,是水利行业发展的阶段性产物。它以山水风景为吸引,丰厚水文化为内涵,宏大水利工程为依托,追求人与自然和谐,落实生态效益、社会效益和经济效益并重,从始至终都沿整个水利发展方向顺自然之势,勃发展之机。现阶段可以把水利风景区建设发展划分为萌芽、初步发展、快速发展、优化发展四个阶段。     

水利风景 悄然崛起

水利风景区的建设发展与水利发展息息相关，是水利行业发展的阶段性产物。它以山水风景为吸引，丰厚水文化为内涵，宏大水利工程为依托，追求人与自然和谐．落实生态效益、社会效益和经济效益并重，从始至终都沿整个水利发展方向顺自然之势，勃发展之机。现阶段可以把水利风景区建设发展划分为萌芽、初步发展、快速发展、优化发展四个阶段。     

基于SWOT分析的食育发展战略研究

通过SWOT分析，探究国内食育发展的内在优势和劣势，剖析外在机会与威胁，在此基础上构建SWOT矩阵，并提出食育发展战略框架。第一，战略层面上，顶层设计、科学发展，统筹资源、合作发展；第二，目标层面上，营养导向、创新发展，文化传承、融合发展；第三，产业和区域层面上，产学研融合、联动发展，因地制宜、差异发展；第四，实施层面上，标准引领、规范发展，示范先行、有序发展。     

产业动向

<正>国务院办公厅印发《能源发展战略行动计划(2014~2020年)》国务院办公厅近日印发《能源发展战略行动计划(2014~2020年)》,明确了2020年我国能源发展的总体目标、战略方针和重点任务,部署推动能源创新发展、安全发展、科学发展。这是今后一段时期我国能源发展的行动纲领。《行动计划》提出要坚持煤基替代、生物质替代和交通替代并举的方针,科学发展石油替代。到2020     

浙江省衢州市发展生态循环高端农业的思路与对策

分析了浙江省衢州市发展生态循环高端农业的意义、发展优势,在指出衢州市发展生态循环高端农业制约因素的基础上,总结出衢州市发展生态循环高端农业的发展思路,最后提出政策措施。     

华南生态秀河山

文章以作者30年来在华南植物研究所生态学研究的工作与部分成果,反映了中国科学院华南植物研究所30年来生态学科发展的趋势,并以折射广东省生态学会成立30年来生态学科之发展。文章综述认为,华南植物研究所生态科学的发展,与广东省乃至中国生态学学科发展是同步的,经历着由面上研究向定位研究的发展,定性研究向定量研究的发展,野外调查研究向野外实验生态研究的发展,以及中观研究向微观与宏观研究的发展。期间广东省的生态学工作者为学科的发展与社会的进步做出了重要的贡献。     

会议报道

国务院召开会议研究加快生物产业发展2月28日,国务院召开会议研究“十一五”期间生物产业发展问题。会议认为,进入21世纪,生命科学研究发展不断取得重大突破,现代生物技术发展开始进入大规模产业化阶段,生物产业将逐步发展成为一个新的主导产业。经过多年发展,生物产业发展具备     

我国绿色食品发展与现代农业建设关系的探讨

绿色食品发展与现代农业建设在存在较高契合度。近年来,我国绿色食品事业在国家现代农业推进的背景下,获得了持续健康发展。本文从发展总量、产品结构、贸易、品牌及国际化等方面分析了绿色食品发展状况,总结了绿色食品标准化、产业化以及品牌化发展模式,并从发展目标、实施路径、发展机制等角度详细论述了绿色食品与现代农业建设的关系,最后对绿色食品发展前景做出了判断并提出具体措施。     

新时期我国农业文化创意产业发展研究——评《“文化创意+”农业融合发展》

促进农业发展、加强农村建设并提高农民生活质量,是我国社会主义现代化建设和实现全面小康社会的重要目标。在新时期经济全球化发展背景下,高新技术快速发展与知识经济体系变革促使我国文化创意产业打破传统经济模式,迎来全新发展,其中农业与文化创意产业的融合发展成为现代化农村产业结构转型发展的新方向。     

新常态下绿色食品内涵式发展要义分析与对策研究

通过对我国绿色食品25年发展开展调查研究,对当前形势下绿色食品发展的内涵进行了系统分析,总结出了绿色食品内涵式发展的基本要义,并对今后绿色食品事业如何走内涵式发展道路提出了对策和建议。     

Accq.Tag法测定氨基酸口服液的氨基酸含量

采用AccQ .Tag法对氨基酸口服液中游离氨基酸和牛磺酸含量进行了分离测定。产品中氨基酸总量达 85mg/ml以上 ,共 1 3种氨基酸。必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比例为 2 .2 0～ 2 .50∶1 ,支 /芳比为 2 .30～ 2 .55∶1 .配方接近于FAO氨基酸比例模式 ,以FAO氨基酸模式及化学评分评价了该制剂的营养价值 ,基本上不存在限制氨基酸 ,化学评分均在 90分以上。     

Role of fatty acids in growth-promoting effect of serum albumin on hamster cells in vitro

Dialyzed serum albumin had considerable growth-promoting effect on cultivated hamster cells. This effect was virtually lost on removal of the fatty acids, and it was completely restored by recombination of the fatty acid-free albumin with the isolated and purified fatty acids. The role of albumin itself appeared to be largely that of a carrier of fatty acids, protecting the cells against toxic effects of fatty acids in free solution. This conclusion was based on two observations: Fatty acids in the absence of albumin were growth-inhibitory except in extremely dilute solutions, and beta-lactoglobulin, a protein possessing, like albumin, the ability to bind and release fatty acids, could replace albumin in the presence of fatty acids with similar growth-promoting effect. Examination of individual molecular types of fatty acids showed that all unsaturated acids tested were growth-promoting, whereas the saturated acids were growth-inhibiting, with the exception of stearic acid in low concentrations. Although the possibility of a mitotic triggering effect was not excluded, the fatty acids presumably stimulated growth by providing substrate for cellular metabolism, since there was a direct relationship between the degree of growth stimulation and the duration of exposure of cells to the fatty acids.     

The biological origin of ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. In vivo and in vitro investigations of the omega-oxidation of C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids in unstarved, starved and diabetic rats

The conversion of radioactive C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids to urinary adipic, suberic, sebacic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids was investigated in vivo in unstarved, starved and diabetic ketotic rats. Hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids were converted to C6-, C6-C8- and C6-C10-dicarboxylic acids, respectively, in fed and 72-h-starved rats. Lauric acid was converted to C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids in starved rats but not in unstarved rats. Decanoic and lauric acids were converted to relatively high amounts of C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids compared with myristic acid in myristic acid in ketotic diabetic rats, while radioactivity from [1-14C]-and [16-(14)] palmitic acid was not incorporated into C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids in diabetic ketotic rats. C6-C12-monocarboxylic acids in hydrolysed rat adipose tissue wee determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). Decanoic and lauric acids were found in amounts of 7.6-9.1 and 85.9-137.5 micrometers/100 mg tissue, respectively, whereas the amounts of hexanoic and octanoic acids were negligible. It is concluded that the biological origin of the C6-C8-dicarboxylic aciduria seen in ketotic rats are C10-C14-monocarboxylic acids, which are initially omega-oxidised solely or partly as free acids and subsequently beta-oxidised to adipic and suberic acids. The in vitro omega-oxidation of C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids to corresponding dicarboxylic acids in the 100,000 Xg supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate was measured by selected ion monitoring. 0.09, 0.14, 16.1, 5.8, 7.0 and -6.9% of, respectively, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic and palmitic acid were omega-oxidised to dicarboxylic acids of corresponding chain lengths after 90 min of incubation, when correction for the production of dicarboxylic acids in control assays was made. An in vitro production of C12-C16-dicarboxylic acids was detected in all assays ()including control assays), probably formed from"endogenous' monocarboxylic acids preexistent in the homogenate. Ths "endogenous' production of dicarboxylic acids was inhibited by C10-C16-monocarboxylic acids, where palmitic acid had the strongest effect. In fact, palmitic acid inhibited its own omega-oxidation when added in concentrations above 0.6 mM. Starvation of rats for 72 h did not alter the "endogenous' in vitro production of hexadecanedioic acid.     

大杯香菇辐射新株系各类氨基酸的遗传主成分分析

对大杯香菇辐射选育新株系的各类氨基酸总量进行了遗传主成分分析。结果表明,变异系数最大的为硫氨基酸总量,达到13．39％;其次为儿童氨基酸总量,变异系数为7．00％;其它变异系数较小分别为甜味氨基酸总量、芳香族氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、支链氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量为5．69％、5．64％、5．19％、5．24％和5．06％;在相关性上,鲜味氨基酸总量与甜味氨基酸总量、支链氨基酸总量、芳香族氨基酸总量、儿童氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著和显著的正相关,甜味氨基酸总量与支链氨基酸总量、儿童氨基酸总量和芳香族氨基酸总量呈极显著和显著的正相关,硫氨基酸总量与儿童氨基酸总量呈极显著负相关,与必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著正相关;支链氨基酸总量与芳香族氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著,与儿童氨基酸总量呈显著正相关;芳香族氨基酸总量与儿童氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著和显著的正相关;主成分分析结果表明,前4个特征根在7个特征根中累计贡献率达97．14％,也就是前4个主成分对变异的贡献率达96．07％。在各类氨基酸总量指标选择上,首先对变异大的各类氨基酸总量进行选择是及其重要的。在辐射选育新株系选择时,应注意选择大杯香菇中硫氨基酸总量高的新株系。     

泰和乌骨鸡肌肉氨基酸营养价值的研究

泰和乌骨鸡肌肉含有18种氨基酸,总量为20.63%,其中8种人体必须氨基酸总量为8.30%,4种鲜味氨基酸总量为8.96%。必须氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的百分比高于WHO/FAO模式,必须氨基酸的构成比例基本符合WHO/FAO标准     

Metabolism of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and modification of phospholipids in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells

The metabolism of the linolenic acid family (n-3) of fatty acids, e.g., linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, in cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta was compared to the metabolism of linoleic and arachidonic acids. There was a time-dependent uptake of these fatty acids into cells for 16 hr (arachidonic greater than docosahexaenoic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic greater than linolenic), and the acids were incorporated mainly into phospholipids and triglycerides. Eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids were incorporated more into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine and less into phosphatidylcholine than linolenic and linoleic acids. Docosahexaenoic acid was incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine more than linolenic and linoleic acids and into phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine less than eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids. Added linolenic acid accumulated mainly in phosphatidylcholine and did not decrease the arachidonic acid content of any phospholipid subfraction. Elongation-desaturation metabolites of linoleic acid did not accumulate. Cells treated with eicosapentaenoic acid accumulated both eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids mainly in phosphatidylethanolamine and the arachidonic acid content was decreased. Added docosahexaenoic acid accumulated mainly in phosphatidylethanolamine and decreased the content of both arachidonic and oleic acids. The following conclusions are drawn from these results. The three n-3 fatty acids are utilized differently in phospholipids. The arachidonic acid content of phospholipids is reduced by eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, but not by linolenic acid. Smooth muscle cells have little or no desaturase activity, but have significant elongation activity for polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

Distribution of cis-Vaccenic Acid in Chinese Hamster V79-R Cells

V79-R Cells grown in lipid-free medium contained octadecenoic acids as the major fatty acids esterified to lipids. Octadecenoic acids were composed of two positional isomers, oleic and cis-vaccenic acids. The distribution of oleic and cis-vaccenic acids was altered by the addition of various fatty acids to the medium. There was no difference in the distribution of oleic and cis-vaccenic acids in phospholipids between mitochondria and microsomes. Cardiolipin contained higher amounts of palmitoleic and cis-vaccenic acids than did other lipids.     

Fatty acid production from amino acids and alpha-keto acids by Brevibacterium linens BL2

Low concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, such as isobutyric and isovaleric acids, develop during the ripening of hard cheeses and contribute to the beneficial flavor profile. Catabolism of amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, by bacteria via aminotransferase reactions and alpha-keto acids is one mechanism to generate these flavorful compounds; however, metabolism of alpha-keto acids to flavor-associated compounds is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of Brevibacterium linens BL2 to produce fatty acids from amino acids and alpha-keto acids and determine the occurrence of the likely genes in the draft genome sequence. BL2 catabolized amino acids to fatty acids only under carbohydrate starvation conditions. The primary fatty acid end products from leucine were isovaleric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid. In contrast, logarithmic-phase cells of BL2 produced fatty acids from alpha-keto acids only. BL2 also converted alpha-keto acids to branched-chain fatty acids after carbohydrate starvation was achieved. At least 100 genes are potentially involved in five different metabolic pathways. The genome of B. linens ATCC 9174 contained these genes for production and degradation of fatty acids. These data indicate that brevibacteria have the ability to produce fatty acids from amino and alpha-keto acids and that carbon metabolism is important in regulating this event.     

Metabolism and compartmentation of endogenous fatty acids in aged mouse liver mitochondria

Isolated mouse liver mitochondria were loaded with endogenous free fatty acids by aging in vitro. The oxidation and compartmentation of these fatty acids was studied. ATP-supported carnitine-dependent and carnitine-independent oxidation pathways of about equal activity were identified. The carnitine-dependent activity was abolished by nagarse and tetrathionate. It was also absent in mitoplasts. Hence the endogenous pool of free fatty acids which served as substrate for this pathway was located in the outer membrane. The carnitine-independent pathway was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of atractyloside suggesting that a pool of fatty acids located in the inner membrane was utilized. The occurrence of free fatty acids in the outer and inner membranes was confirmed by direct assay. The endogenous respiratory activity was also stimulated by oligomycin which was insensitive to nagarse, atractyloside, carnitine, and ATP suggesting that the stimulation was due to utilization of endogenous ATP and fatty acids localized within the inner membrane. Bovine serum albumin preferentially reduced the carnitine-independent activity presumably by binding the endogenous fatty acids suggesting that albumin has a higher affinity for free fatty acids of the inner than of the outer membrane.     

Manipulation of fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipid and its effects on cell growth in mouse LM cells

Fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of mouse LM cells grown in suspension culture in serum-free chemically defined medium was modified by supplementing the medium with various fatty acids bound to bovine serum albumin.Following supplementation with saturated fatty acids of longer than 15 carbons (100 μM) profound inhibition of cell growth occurred; this inhibitory effect was completely abolished when unsaturated fatty acids were added at the same concentration. Supplementing with unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid or arachidonic acid had no effect on the cell growth.Fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids could be manipulated by addition of different fatty acids. The normal percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in LM cell membrane phospholipids (63%) was reduced to 35–41% following incorporation of saturated fatty acids longer than 15 carbon atoms and increased to 72–82% after addition of unsaturated fatty acids.A good correlation was found between the unsaturated fatty acid content of membrane phospholipids and cell growth. When incorporated saturated fatty acids reduced the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids to less than 50%, severe inhibition of the cell growth was found. Simultaneous addition of an unsaturated fatty acid completely abolished this effect of saturated fatty acids.