应用神经导航系统手术切除颅内肿瘤病人的整体护理临床效应

目的:探讨神经导航系统辅助下颅内微侵袭手术的整体护理临床效应。方法:神经导航系统因其能在术前制定最佳手术路径,术中准确快速地找到病灶,确定肿瘤切除范围,减少周围组织的损伤,术后并发症少,在临床已日渐推广。在临床护理中,为了确保达到预期疗效,对20例采用神经导航系统辅助下颅内肿瘤手术切除的病人从生理、心理、社会等各方面需求做出全面、有效的护理计划,制定出护理措施,进行健康指导。结果:全组无残疾或死亡,无1例术后因护理不当而出现并发症,15例患者4d左右下床活动,1例术前昏迷,术后15d清醒,2例术后出现尿崩症,经处理后恢复正常,1例术后脑水肿,给予脱水剂后症状消失,1例术后癫痫,药物控制后缓解。全组患者于术后平均20d左右痊愈出院。结论:在神经导航系统辅助下加强护理配合,严格操作规程,对提高手术成功率,减少并发症有重要意义。     

神经导航下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除丘脑胶质瘤的临床应用价值分析

目的:探讨神经导航系统辅助下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路手术切除丘脑胶质瘤的临床应用价值。方法:选择2016年2月至2018年9月我院收治的丘脑胶质瘤患者60例为研究对象,以其中采用神经导航系统辅助下的经胼胝体-穹隆间入路显微切除丘脑胶质瘤的30例患者作为实验组,另外30例采用常规手术切除的患者作为对照组。分析和比较两组手术情况、治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组手术时间、住院时间均比对照组明显缩短,术中出血量及术中引流量显著少于对照组(均P0.05);实验组肿瘤全切除率高于对照组,次全切除率及部分切除率均低于对照组(P0.05);实验组并发症发生率(20.0%)显著低于对照组(53.3%)(P0.05)。结论:与常规手术相比,神经导航系统辅助下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除丘脑胶质瘤能显著缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量及术后引流量,显著提高丘脑肿瘤全切除率,并降低术后并发症的发生率。     

后路360°椎体切除治疗胸椎肿瘤的围手术期护理

目的:探讨后路360°椎体切除治疗胸椎肿瘤的围手术期护理方法。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年1月后路360°椎体切除治疗胸椎肿瘤的9例患者,术前做好心理护理及术前准备。术后严密监察生命体征及肢体活动、感觉功能,指导患者早期功能锻炼,预防并发症,进行出院指导、随访。结果:9例患者均顺利完成手术。随访1～15个月,平均9个月。术后除1例术前即有截瘫的患者无恢复外,其余8例脊髓功能完全恢复。9例患者无术后并发症发生,无内固定松动断裂发生。结论:对后路360°椎体切除治疗胸椎肿瘤的患者采取正确有效的围手术期护理是提高手术成功率及促进患者康复的重要措施。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者手术前、后护理

目的：探讨经腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者手术前、后的护理方法。方法：回顾分析2004年2月-2004年12月,我科对98例腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者进行积极心理护理、术前准备、对术后易出现的并发症进行细致观察和护理的临床资料。结果：通过周到细致的护理,98例患者未发生护理并发症,平均4．0天痊愈出院,随访护理满意率94．5％。结论：术前加强各项准备,突出心理护理;术后有针对性地对可能出现的并发症进行预防性处理和监护,有助于病人术后的康复,提高病人的满意度。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术在早期食管癌治疗中的应用及护理体会

目的探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术应用于早期食管癌治疗的护理措施。方法对13例早期食管癌患者在内镜下行黏膜剥离术治疗,并根据内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗的特点,于术前、术中及术后进行精心护理及健康宣教。结果 13例患者手术均成功,病灶切除完整,术中3例患者切除创面少许出血,经亚等离子凝固术止血后未见再次出血。术后患者均无出血、穿孔等严重并发症及消化系统症状。结论早期食管癌内镜下黏膜剥离术,实施严密针对性的术前、术中及术后护理及健康宣教,对提高手术的疗效和安全性具有重要临床意义。     

颞叶内侧胶质瘤的显微手术治疗体会

目的:探讨颞叶内侧胶质瘤的显微手术疗效并总结经验。方法:回顾性分析23例行显微手术治疗的颞叶内侧胶质瘤患者的临床资料及手术并发症的发生情况。结果:23例患者中,20例全切除,3例次全切除术,术后术区残血1例,无手术死亡病例。术前癫痫发作18例,术后缓解16例;术前有失语8例,后缓解3例;术前8例偏盲,术后改善2例;术前偏瘫2例,术后改善1例;术后新增失语2例,术后新增偏盲3例,术后新增偏瘫1例,1年随访复发3例。结论:经侧裂入路切除颞叶内侧胶质瘤的手术疗效良好,可以最大程度切除术肿瘤,并发症较少。     

双吻合器在全直肠系膜切除低位直肠癌保肛手术中应用的探讨

目的探讨双吻合器在全直肠系膜切除低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用方法、并发症及临床效果。方法回顾性分析在全直肠系膜切除的基础上,应用双器械吻合技术,对48例中低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合的保肛手术方法,观察其术后并发症,以及术后排便功能,局部复发率。结果随访1～4年,低位吻合44例,超低位吻合4例。15例6个月内大便次数每天多于5次,6个月后大便次数均在每天3次以下,无大便失禁。吻合口漏1例,吻合口狭窄1例,吻合口出血3例,吻合口复发1例,全组无手术死亡。结论双吻合器能简化手术操作,维持正常排便功能,提高了生活质量。     

高龄食管下段癌患者两种不同手术路径治疗的临床效果观察

目的：比较高龄食管下段癌患者采用二切口和三切口两种不同手术路径手术治疗的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析高龄食管下段癌患者135例,其中73例患者采用二切口术式,分为A组;62例患者采用三切口术式,分为B组,比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目及术后并发症、术后死亡率和1年后生存率、生活质量。结果：A组术中出血量、手术时间优于B组;B组食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目优于A组;A组术后并发症及死亡率低于B组、术后生活质量优于B组;术后1年生存率两组无显著性差异。结论：高龄食管下段癌患者手术治疗时,应首选二切口术式,可减少术后并发症的发生,并提高术后生活质量。     

充填式无张力疝修补术及并发症防治

目的：探讨无张力疝修补术的应用价值及及并发症防治的意义。方法：回顾性分析填充式无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝52例的临床资料。结果：全组手术时间（46±22）min,切口均一期愈合,术后3～7d出院,并发症发生率仅1．9％,随访无复发。结论：无张力疝修补术创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快,是治疗腹股沟疝的最佳术式,熟练的技术和规范化操作是预防并发症发生的关键。     

腹腔镜在急性期胆囊切除术中的应用（附94例报道）

目的：研讨急性期腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全性需采取的对策及技巧。方法：回顾分析并94例经腹腔镜行急性期胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果：腹腔镜下胆囊完整切除89例,大部分切除3例,中转开腹2例,并发胆漏l例,胆囊窝积液l例,病检无癌变报告,全组无死亡病例。结论：应用腹腔镜行急性期胆囊切除术是安全可行的。按照术中的具体情况,采用不同对策及手术技巧,可提高手术的安全性,减少并发症,将中转开腹率降到最低程度,缩短住院时间。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.