云南兽类鼩鼱科一新纪录——台湾灰麝鼩

于2006年10月及2015年8月在中国云南省采集到台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae Kuroda,1938)3号成体标本。1号雄性与1号雌性的标本来自屏边县大围山自然保护区(22°53′59″N,103°41′23″E,2 088 m),另1号雌性标本采自富宁县里达镇半边箐(23°28′11"N,105°35′59″E,1 442 m)。其尾毛长而稀疏,尾长变异大,后足宽大,后足足底和掌外侧垫突出、聚集且呈圆形,这些特征与模式产地的标本吻合。其线粒体Cyt b与地模标本的遗传距离为1.6%。采集地生境为原生林与次生林交界处和落叶季雨林。     

河南信阳发现台湾灰麝鼩北大核心CSCD

于2013年和2018年在河南信阳新县与浉河共采集到3号鼩鼱成年个体标本,基于齿色特征初步鉴定为劳亚食虫目鼩鼱科麝鼩属(Crocidura)物种。对所采3号标本的Cyt b基因进行PCR扩增和测序,测序结果与GenBank数据库进行比对,并通过构建系统发育关系树进一步明确所采3只标本的分类地位。根据标本形态、头骨特征,结合分子生物学证据,确定该物种为台湾灰麝鼩(C.tanakae),为河南哺乳动物分布新记录种。标本现存于郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所(编号分别为IBE20131005、IBE2018100501和IBE2018100502)。     

湖北省兽类新纪录-台湾灰麝鼩

<正>台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae Kuroda,1938)属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)麝鼩属,在台湾地区分布较广(Fang et al.,1997),其模式标本产于台湾台中市南投县。其后,Ellerman和Morrison-Scott (1951)等认为其是灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)的亚种或同物异名(Ellerman     

贵州六盘水发现东阳江麝鼩

在贵州省六盘水市杨梅乡慕尼克村,利用陷阱法捕捉到3号麝鼩属(Crocidura)标本。本次采集标本的体形较小,头体长(49.0 ± 0.8)mm,尾长[(41.8 ± 4.2)mm]略短于头体长(尾长/头体长为85%)。背毛呈浅灰褐色,腹毛颜色浅于背毛,呈灰色。尾部双色,背侧黑褐色,腹侧淡于背侧。前足背部白色,后足则为淡灰色。尾近乎裸露,尾基约1/3着生稀疏白色长毛。颅全长(15.92 ± 0.55)mm,脑颅高(4.75 ± 0.18)mm。上门齿1枚,有一长而大的前尖和一小而矮的后尖。上单尖齿3枚,第1单尖齿最大,第2单尖齿略大于第3单尖齿,1枚第四前臼齿(P4),3枚臼齿。上述特征与东阳江麝鼩(C. dongyangjiangensis)模式标本的描述和鉴定特征基本一致,因此将3号采集标本鉴定为东阳江麝鼩。基于Cyt b基因进行分子系统发育分析,采集标本与麝鼩属物种中的东阳江麝鼩遗传距离最近,在0.004 ~ 0.027之间。系统发生树显示,3号标本与东阳江麝鼩构成一个单系进化分支,进一步证实本次采集的3号标本是东阳江麝鼩,为贵州省分布新记录种。     

大麝鼩韩国种群与俄罗斯远东种群之间的遗传分化:基于线粒体Cyt b 基因的分析

为重新分析韩国大麝鼩种群与相邻的俄罗斯远东种群之间的遗传分化情况,我们获得9 条来自韩国4 个地点和俄罗斯3 个地点的大麝鼩线粒体细胞色素b 基因(Cyt b)全序列,并将其与来自GenBank 的4 条Cyt b 全序列和4 条Cyt b 部分序列进行比较。结果发现韩国的大麝鼩并非只有一种基因型,因此,在利用Cyt b 部分序列进行种群遗传学分析时需格外注意。基于Cyt b 全序列分析,发现韩国的大麝鼩与俄罗斯远东地区的大麝鼩之间存在1.08% 的平均JC 距离和7 个位点的差异,推测韩国的大麝鼩与俄罗斯远东地区的大麝鼩在包括末次冰盛期在内的很长时期都没有进行过遗传交流。目前的测序结果不支持当前认为大麝鼩为单系群的亚种分类理论,支持韩国大麝鼩是C. l. thomasi 亚种的分类理论,但还需进一步对中国东北地区的样品进行测序分析后才能最终确认。     

四川和贵州省兽类新纪录——-台湾灰麝鼩（Crocidura tanakae Kuroda, 1938）

正台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae)属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae),首次被Kuroda于1938描述,其模式产地在中国台湾台中市(Taichung)。随后一直被认为是灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)的亚种或同物异名(Corbet and Hill,1992;Hutterer,1993;Fang et al.,1997;Motoka-     

广东省二种兽类新纪录一鼩猬(Neotetracus sinensis)和短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)

2009年9月,在广东省南岭国家级自然保护区石坑崆(24°55’7″N,112°59’4″E;海拔1831～1895m)进行动物考察时采集到一批兽类标本。经鉴定,其中鼩猬(Neotetracus sinensis)和短尾鼩     

江西省两种兽类新纪录——东阳江麝鼩和安徽麝鼩

<正>麝鼩属(Crocidura)隶属于哺乳纲(Mammals)劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae),广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和非洲。麝鼩属是哺乳动物中物种最多的属,已记录有198个物种(Wilson and Mittermeier, 2018)。麝鼩属物种体型较小、形态保守,属内多个物种的分类和分布存在较大争议。我国麝鼩属物种丰富,目前记录有14种麝鼩在我国分布(魏辅文等,2021)。     

中国浙江麝鼩属(劳亚食虫目:鼩鼱科)一新种描记

2017年8月,在浙江省拟建淳安磨心尖省级自然保护区和拟建东阳市东江源省级自然保护区捕获麝鼩属（Crocidura）共5号标本。基于线粒体细胞色素b基因构建的系统发育树显示采集于浙江的麝鼩属样本与大麝鼩（Crocidura lasiura）和日本麝鼩（Crocidura dsinezumi）构成姊妹群,遗传距离最近,而与中国西南部分布的小体型印支小麝鼩（Crocidura indochinensis）、五指山小麝鼩（Crocidura wuchihensis）及东北部分布的山东小麝鼩（Crocidua shantungensis）、北小麝鼩（Crocidua suaveolens）亲缘关系较远,其遗传距离分别为0.114、0.124、0.139和0.144。这些样本与麝鼩属其他物种之间的遗传距离在0.101~0.155之间,最小遗传距离出现在来自浙江的样本和大麝鼩之间,最大遗传距离在浙江样本与中麝鼩之间。形态上,采集于浙江的麝鼩属标本个体小,体长48~61mm（平均：55.60mm）,尾长35~49mm（平均：43.14mm）;尾长与体长之比72.92%~80.36%;尾近乎裸露,尾基1/3~1/2着生稀疏长毛;尾上下双色,背部黑褐色,腹部较淡;颅较短,颅全长15.60~17.16mm（平均：16.46mm）,与中国东北部分布的山东小麝鼩和北小麝鼩相近又有区别,与已知其它麝鼩属物种形态差异较大;综合形态和系统发育关系证实采集于浙江的麝鼩属物种为一新物种,命名为东阳江麝鼩（Crocidura dongyangjiangensis Liu Y, Chen SD, and Liu SY sp. nov.）。本文对其形态、栖息环境和与近缘种的区别进行了详细记述。     

贵州毕节发现霍氏缺齿鼩

在贵州省毕节市七星关区野角乡,利用陷阱法捕捉到3号缺齿鼩。标本体形中等,头体长(64.8±3.0)mm,尾长(76.6±1.9)mm,大于头体长,尾尖有一簇白毛,后足长(16.8±0.1)mm。颅骨呈钝圆形,吻突较短,在上颌前部区域逐渐变细。颅全长(19.22±0.19)mm,脑颅宽(9.31±0.09)mm,第2上臼齿间最大宽(5.29±0.08)mm。上门齿1枚,呈镰刀状,上单尖齿3枚,自前向后大小依次递减。红褐色色素沉积主要分布于上下门齿和第一上单尖齿的齿尖。利用缺齿鼩属检索表进行检索,本次采集标本鉴定为霍氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hoffmanni)。通过线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列比较,本次采集标本与缺齿鼩属霍氏缺齿鼩的系统进化关系最接近,遗传距离在0.026～0.028之间,与形态鉴定的结果吻合。基于Cyt b基因序列构建的系统发生树,本次采集标本与GenBank下载的霍氏缺齿鼩聚在一个小分支上,进一步证实本次采集3个标本是霍氏缺齿鼩。     

在人工条件下光周期对大麝鼩(Crocidura lasiura)活动节律的影响

大麝鼩是一种夜行性动物,其夜间(19:00—6:00)的活动频次占全天活动总频次的88.67％;夜间活动呈双峰型曲线,前峰在19:00—24:00,后峰在2:00—5:00。其夜行性指数为6.31,但各季节不同:春季5.94,夏季4.01,秋季6.56,冬季8.71,比其他鼩鼱科动物高。每日活动总额次雄性高于雌性,雄性的夜行性指数亦比雌性高。在人工倒置光周期的条件下,其最初几天的活动节律极度紊乱,至第7天后才稳定地回到自然光周期的日活动次数水平。     

灰麝鼩的种群数量变动

汇集了1989～1996年云南保山市坝区的调查资料和其它地区的文献资料,对灰麝鼩种群数量变动进行了分析,灰麝鼩集中分布于海拔1650m的保山市坝区,具有较强的区域性和海拔高度的局限性特征.种群相对数量高峰分别出现在6月和8～12月.灰麝鼩的年变动在保山坝区居民区鼠型小兽群落中组成相对稳定.     

Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellites in the shrew Crocidura suaveolens and its application to the study of insular populations of the French Atlantic coast

We developed eight polymorphic microsatellite loci to study the natural populations of Crocidura suaveolens, the lesser white‐toothed shrew. These loci are used in the study of insular populations of the French Atlantic coast where these shrews exhibit gigantism features that suggest an insular syndrome. These populations were threatened by the invasion of the rat Rattus norvegicus and the eradication of this alien pest in some islands was followed by a demographic expansion of the shrew populations. These first genetic results suggest that the shrew populations in the three studied islands are very differentiated.     

A pleasing consequence of Norway rat eradication: two shrew species recover

Four to 10 years after the successful eradication of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) from three islands of the Sept–Îles Archipelago and one in the Molène Archipelago (Brittany, France), the abundance index of the lesser white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) increased by factors of 7–25, depending on the island and the year. Moreover, in the same region, the abundance index of the greater white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) on Tomé Island increased by factors of 9 and 17, one and two years after the Norway rat eradication, respectively. The maximum variation of the abundance index for the lesser white‐toothed shrew during seven years on the rat‐free island of Béniguet in the same region was a factor of only 2.5. Moreover, the distribution of the lesser white‐toothed shrew on Bono island, restricted before the eradication to two steep areas with few rats, increased and encompassed virtually the entire island four years after rats disappeared. These results suggest strong detrimental interactions between the introduced Norway rat and the two Crocidura shrew species on temperate oceanic islands. However, our data do not indicate the ecological mechanisms at work in these interactions. The main reason this shrew recovery was detected after rat eradication was the inclusion in the eradication protocol of the evaluation of impacts on the local biota of eliminating alien species. The rigor of the sampling procedure was also crucial to this discovery. This example demonstrates that an eradication operation can be extremely useful for both scientists and managers if it is planned as a research project.     

White-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Crocidura) of coastal islands of Vietnam

New findings of the white-toothed shrews (Crocidura spp.) from offshore islands of Vietnam are reported. The species identifications have been confirmed by the analysis of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp). Crocidura phuquocensis is the only species found in the Phu Quoc Island. Crocidura fuliginosa has been recorded from two islands of the Con Dao Archipelago (Con Son and Bai Canh). The occurrence of Crocidura fuliginosa in Vietnam has been genetically confirmed for the first time. Crocidura attenuata has been collected from the Cat Ba Island for the first time, and this finding corresponds well with the proposal that the species' distribution is confined to the north and east of the Red River only.     

Chromosomal phylogeny of certain shrews of the genera Crocidura and Suncus (Insectivora)

High-resolution chromosome analysis of eight Palaearctic and Oriental species of white-toothed shrews reveals almost complete chromosomal homology between the karyotypes studied, and extensive G-band homology is demonstrated even between species of the genera Crocidura and Suncus . Robertsonian translocations, tandem fusions, fissions, whole-arm reciprocal translocations, centromeric shifts, heterochromatin additions, and inversions are identified as the main mechanisms of chromosomal evolution. The evolutionary relationships of the Eurasian crocidurines under study are reconstructed and a hypothetical ancestral karyotype with 44 chromosomes is proposed.     

Local endemism and within‐island diversification of shrews illustrate the importance of speciation in building Sundaland mammal diversity

Island systems are important models for evolutionary biology because they provide convenient, discrete biogeographic units of study. Continental islands with a history of intermittent dry land connections confound the discrete definitions of islands and have led zoologists to predict (i) little differentiation of terrestrial organisms among continental shelf islands and (ii) extinction, rather than speciation, to be the main cause of differences in community composition among islands. However, few continental island systems have been subjected to well‐sampled phylogeographic studies, leaving these biogeographic assumptions of connectivity largely untested. We analysed nine unlinked loci from shrews of the genus Crocidura from seven mountains and two lowland localities on the Sundaic continental shelf islands of Sumatra and Java. Coalescent species delimitation strongly supported all currently recognized Crocidura species from Sumatra (six species) and Java (five species), as well as one undescribed species endemic to each island. We find that nearly all species of Crocidura in the region are endemic to a single island and several of these have their closest relative(s) on the same island. Intra‐island genetic divergence among allopatric, conspecific populations is often substantial, perhaps indicating species‐level diversity remains underestimated. One recent (Pleistocene) speciation event generated two morphologically distinct, syntopic species on Java, further highlighting the prevalence of within‐island diversification. Our results suggest that both between‐ and within‐island speciation processes generated local endemism in Sundaland, supplementing the traditional view that the region's fauna is relictual and primarily governed by extinction.