贵州毕节发现霍氏缺齿鼩

在贵州省毕节市七星关区野角乡,利用陷阱法捕捉到3号缺齿鼩。标本体形中等,头体长(64.8±3.0)mm,尾长(76.6±1.9)mm,大于头体长,尾尖有一簇白毛,后足长(16.8±0.1)mm。颅骨呈钝圆形,吻突较短,在上颌前部区域逐渐变细。颅全长(19.22±0.19)mm,脑颅宽(9.31±0.09)mm,第2上臼齿间最大宽(5.29±0.08)mm。上门齿1枚,呈镰刀状,上单尖齿3枚,自前向后大小依次递减。红褐色色素沉积主要分布于上下门齿和第一上单尖齿的齿尖。利用缺齿鼩属检索表进行检索,本次采集标本鉴定为霍氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hoffmanni)。通过线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列比较,本次采集标本与缺齿鼩属霍氏缺齿鼩的系统进化关系最接近,遗传距离在0.026～0.028之间,与形态鉴定的结果吻合。基于Cyt b基因序列构建的系统发生树,本次采集标本与GenBank下载的霍氏缺齿鼩聚在一个小分支上,进一步证实本次采集3个标本是霍氏缺齿鼩。     

四川和重庆兽类新纪录——霍氏缺齿鼩

霍氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hoffmanni)隶属劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)缺齿鼩属(Chodsigoa Kastschenko,1907),模式标本来自云南楚雄双柏县,在云南省无量山、哀牢山等地也有发现(Chen et al.,2017).霍氏缺齿鼩一直被认为是云南缺齿鼩...     

西藏林芝发现烟黑缺齿鼩

2018年11月,在西藏自治区林芝地区波密县扎木镇（29°48′25″ N,95°41′56″ E）海拔3 400 m处捕获1只缺齿鼩属动物。该个体背毛深灰色,腹面毛色稍淡,呈苍灰色;尾长明显大于头体长,背腹异色不明显,尾部末端缺少簇毛;头骨坚固,头盖骨隆起明显,颧骨板很窄,齿式3.1.1.3/2.0.1.3 = 28,这些特征与烟黑缺齿鼩（Chodsigoa furva）的鉴别特征一致。通过测定其Cyt b基因全序列,并结合从GenBank下载的缺齿鼩属已有同源序列构建的最大似然树显示,该个体与烟黑缺齿鼩聚为一支（支持率BS为100）,与云南地区烟黑缺齿鼩的遗传距离在2.25% ~ 2.34%之间。基于以上形态和分子结果确认该个体为烟黑缺齿鼩,是该物种在西藏的首次分布记录。     

中国兽类鼩鼱科一新纪录——高氏缺齿鼩

2011年12月5日在云南省个旧市蔓耗镇(N23°00‘43.0",E103°26‘18.9",海拔350m)采集到高氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa caovansunga Lunde,Musser and Son,2003)标本1号。该物种为中国新纪录并且是其在模式产地(越南河江省Mt.Tay Con LinhⅡ山)以外的首个分布纪录。该标本头体长、尾长及颅全长明显大于模式产地的标本,线粒体cyt-b序列(JX508288)与地模标本相似度为98.6%。采集地生境为沟谷雨林,干扰类型为香蕉种植。     

安徽大别山区发现川西缺齿鼩鼱

2017年5月在安徽省岳西县鹞落坪国家级自然保护区(30°59′04.73″N,116°04′44.36″E,海拔1 228 m)采集到鼩鼱形动物雄性个体1只。该个体体色棕灰,尾长约为体长的80%,颅全长大于19 mm,上颌有3枚单尖齿,齿式为1.3.1.3/1.1.1.3=28,符合川西缺齿鼩鼱(Chodsigoa hypsibia)的形态特征。通过测定其线粒体细胞色素b基因序列,并结合从Gen Bank下载的缺齿鼩鼱属4个物种的同源区序列,构建系统发生关系,结果显示该个体与川西缺齿鼩鼱聚合并形成单系,同时该个体与Gen Bank中所检索到的川西缺齿鼩鼱遗传距离最为接近。基于以上结果,确定该个体为川西缺齿鼩鼱。这是川西缺齿鼩鼱第一次在安徽省被发现,扩大了该物种在我国的分布范围。     

山西省兽类一新纪录——川西缺齿鼩鼱

川西缺齿鼩鼱Chodsigoa hypsibia又称川西长尾鼩,隶属于鼩形目Soricomorpha鼩鼱科Soricidae缺齿鼩鼱属Chodsigoa,主要分布于我国中部和西南部(Smith & Xie,2008)。缺齿鼩鼱属全世界共有8种(Wilson & Reeder,2005),我国分布有7种(Wilson & Reeder,2005;Smith & Xie,2008)。相较于鼩鼱属Sorex和川鼩属Blarinella上颌有5枚单尖齿,     

中国东北地区鼩鼱科动物分类与分布

在大兴安岭山脉呼中地区、塔河地区和呼伦湖地区,小兴安岭山脉萝北地区,长白山山脉横道河子地区、三道关地区、牡丹峰地区、凤凰山地区和新宾地区,对我国东北地区鼩鼱科动物进行调查。共获得686号标本,首先利用形态特征描述和形态测量进行形态学物种鉴定,然后利用mt DNA Cyt b基因全序列构建系统发生树,使用ABGD软件进行分子生物学物种鉴定,形态学和分子生物学物种鉴定结果一致。证实东北地区鼩鼱科动物包括麝鼩属2种:大麝鼩(Crocidura lasiura)和山东小麝鼩(C. shantungensis);鼩鼱属9种:大鼩鼱(Sorex mirabilis)、中鼩鼱(S. caecutiens)、远东鼩鼱(S. isodon)、苔原鼩鼱(S. tundrensis)、长爪鼩鼱(S. unguiculatus)、栗齿鼩鼱(S. daphaenodon)、细鼩鼱(S. gracillimus)、扁颅鼩鼱(S. roboratus)和姬鼩鼱(S. minutissimus)。调查发现大麝鼩和山东小麝鼩同域分布,且更临近人类生活区。在我国东北地区,中鼩鼱、细鼩鼱和远东鼩鼱种群数量与分布范围较大,其它物种种群数量明显小于这3个物种;大鼩鼱和扁颅鼩鼱分布数量较小,苔原鼩鼱仅在呼伦湖地区被采集到,在此地与姬鼩鼱同域分布。栗齿鼩鼱仅在大兴安岭地区捕获到。文中测量各物种标本的外形(体重、头体长、尾长、尾长/头体长、后足长、耳长),及头骨(颅全长、颅基长、基长、脑颅宽、脑颅高、眶间宽、上齿列长、下齿列长、腭前部宽、腭后部宽),通过照片展示了鼩鼱属9个物种的颅骨形态特征,并给出每一物种的鉴别特征,作为东北地区鼩鼱科物种形态分类依据。     

河南信阳发现台湾灰麝鼩北大核心CSCD

于2013年和2018年在河南信阳新县与浉河共采集到3号鼩鼱成年个体标本,基于齿色特征初步鉴定为劳亚食虫目鼩鼱科麝鼩属(Crocidura)物种。对所采3号标本的Cyt b基因进行PCR扩增和测序,测序结果与GenBank数据库进行比对,并通过构建系统发育关系树进一步明确所采3只标本的分类地位。根据标本形态、头骨特征,结合分子生物学证据,确定该物种为台湾灰麝鼩(C.tanakae),为河南哺乳动物分布新记录种。标本现存于郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所(编号分别为IBE20131005、IBE2018100501和IBE2018100502)。     

湖南长沙发现霍氏鼠耳蝠

2021年8月分别在湖南省长沙市天心区大托站立交桥底和昭华湘江大桥底捕获2只鼠耳蝠（2♂,标本号211521和211540）,经鉴定为霍氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis horsfieldii）,为湖南省蝙蝠分布新记录物种。本次捕获标本体型中等偏小,前臂长分别为36.1 mm（211521）和33.1 mm（211540）,头体长为44.0 mm和41.2 mm,后足长（10.5 mm和10.4 mm）超过胫骨长（16.4 mm和16.2 mm）的一半,耳屏长（5.1 mm和3.8 mm）不及耳长（12.5 mm和10.0 mm）的一半;头骨狭长,颅全长15.5 mm和15.0 mm,脑颅宽7.8 mm和7.5 mm,颅骨纤弱,额骨处有明显倾斜,脑颅高于上颌骨,颧弓较细。与来自泰国和印度尼西亚的霍氏鼠耳蝠标本相比,前臂长、头体长和尾长测量数据偏小,但头骨测量数据接近。基于Cyt b基因序列的系统发育分析表明,此次捕获的鼠耳蝠标本与霍氏鼠耳蝠聚类在一起,与来自香港的霍氏鼠耳蝠样本遗传距离仅为0.9%,故确定该物种为霍氏鼠耳蝠。标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所。     

宁夏兽类两新纪录——川西缺齿鼩和小纹背鼩鼱

<正>川西缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hypsibia)(De Winton andStyan,1899)和小纹背鼩鼱(Sorexbedfordiae)(Thomas, 1911)同属于劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)。缺齿鼩鼱属(Chodsigoa,Kastschenko, 1907)全世界目前已知10个物种(Wilson and Mittermeier, 2018; Chen et al., 2022)，其中川西缺齿鼩为中国特有，     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.