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1.
典型河床底质组成中底栖动物群落及多样性   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
段学花  王兆印  程东升 《生态学报》2007,27(4):1664-1672
底栖动物是河流生态系统中食物链的重要环节。通过对长江、黄河、东江和拒马河等河流野外调查和采样分析研究了河床底质组成对底栖动物群落结构的影响规律。研究结果发现,不同河床底质组成中的底栖动物结构差别很大,不同地理位置而相同底质条件和水力条件的河流底栖动物群落组成相似,说明河床底质是影响河流底栖动物群落结构的关键因素,受地理位置和大气候的影响不大;利用多项生物指标分析了不同河床底质组成中底栖动物群落的多样性,卵石河床且有水生植物生长的河流底栖动物物种组成最丰富,大河中沙质河床不稳定,未采集到底栖动物;不同底质类型河床中的优势种群亦不同。并分析了采样所得底栖动物物种数与采样面积之间的关系,符合前者随后者呈幂指数增加的规律,当实测采样面积为1~2m^2时物种数变化不大,建议一般情况下最小采样面积应为1m^2。  相似文献   

2.
于2014和2015年7月对新疆伊犁河支流喀什河和巩乃斯河共14个采样点的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查研究, 比较分析了自然、受损、坝下和保护区4种生境的大型底栖动物群落结构特征。共采集大型底栖动物14435头, 属10目39科81属(种), 其中水生昆虫、软体动物、寡毛类分别占93.8%、2.5%和3.7%。对不同生境大型底栖动物群落结构特征进行了分析比较, 结果表明: 自然生境在物种数、优势物种数、EPT物种数、密度和物种多样性方面均高于其他3种生境, 而坝下生境均最低, 保护区生境底栖动物群落结构优于受损生境和坝下生境。冗余分析(RDA)结果共解释了物种数据累计方差的54.1%, 流速、电导率、水温和海拔是影响伊犁河底栖动物分布的主要因素(F=2.28—4.34, P<0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
雅鲁藏布江流域维系着丰富而独特的生物资源, 是全球生物多样性研究的热点区域。然而, 该流域底栖动物多样性的调查却极不充分。本文于2015年10月和2016年3月对雅鲁藏布江干流(朗县至墨脱段)和主要支流的底栖动物进行了调查, 并采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis)等对群落多样性格局进行解析。共采集到底栖动物270种, 隶属于5门8纲20目92科, 包括昆虫纲246种, 寡毛纲14种, 腹足纲4种, 其他动物6种。春季和秋季分别采集到底栖动物184种和214种, 优势种均以喜清洁和冷水的水生昆虫为主, 包括四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.)、花翅蜉属一种(Baetiella sp.)、蚋属一种(Simulium sp.)、小突摇蚊属一种(Micropsetra sp.)和短石蛾属一种(Brachycentrus sp.)等。全流域平均密度为939.1 ind./m2,sp.)等。平均生物量为5.44 g/m2。底栖动物的物种组成、密度和多样性在季节和区域之间存在一定差异, 支流的多样性显著高于干流。典范对应分析显示, 海拔、流速、河宽和底质类型等环境因子是影响雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物群落结构的关键环境因素, 而大峡谷地区多变的气候类型和地理阻隔是造成群落变化的根本原因。本研究可为雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性评估和环境监测提供重要的基础和参考。  相似文献   

4.
河岸带是河流生态系统与陆地生态系统相互作用的生态交错带,具有明显的边缘效应和丰富的生物多样性。近年来,由于受人类活动(如水利工程、堤坝和农业生产等)的干扰,黄河下游河岸带生态系统受到严重破坏。为了解黄河下游河岸带大型底栖动物的群落结构现状和影响因素,于2015年5月对黄河山东段河岸带8个断面的底栖动物群落进行了系统调查,采用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数等方法分析该区域大型底栖动物的群落特征。调查期间共采集到37种底栖动物,其中,环节动物3种,软体动物7种,水生昆虫27种。底栖动物物种组成主要以水生昆虫为主,尤其是摇蚊幼虫。该段河岸带大型底栖动物的平均密度为(2 129±436)ind/m2,平均生物量为(2.20±0.75)g/m2。就空间分布而言,各断面底栖动物的种类数、优势种、现存量和多样性均呈现出明显的空间分布差异,且呈现出不规则波动,这表明河岸带受到严重的人为活动干扰。综合分析表明,各断面的河岸带形态(如宽度和生境类型)和水生昆虫的繁殖行为是影响黄河山东段河岸带底栖动物空间分布的主要因素。  相似文献   

5.
黄海特定断面夏秋季大型底栖动物生态学特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据2001年8月和2002年8、9、10月共4个航次,在黄海特定断面的10个站采集到的大型底栖动物样品,采用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、物种均匀度指数、物种丰度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域大型底栖动物的生态学特性。调查共得到定量样品36个,经分析鉴定有大型底栖动物182种,其中多毛类环节动物54种,软体动物29种,甲壳动物66种,棘皮动物17种,其它类群生物16种。相对于邻近海区,物种丰富度指数较小,物种多样性指数相似,均匀度指数较高;各航次中4、5号站种数明显较少,而生物量和栖息密度没有表现出一定的规律性。通过该断面大型底栖动物的研究发现,可将研究区域的大型底栖动物群落分为沿岸广温性群落、温带性群落和暖水性群落,各群落结构保持相对稳定性;主要底栖动物种类组成在2001年和2002年出现较大变化,而在2002年的8、9、10月的种类组成保持相对稳定。  相似文献   

6.
为了解椒江口化工园区及其邻近区域潮间带大型底栖动物分布特征,评价工厂排污对河口潮间带大型底栖动物生态的影响范围及程度,在椒江口共设置6条潮间带采样断面,于2007年10月和2008年1月进行了大型底栖动物野外调查.研究结果如下:(1) 秋冬两季共采集到大型底栖动物75种,其中秋季64种,冬季29种;(2) 物种数呈现河口外断面高于河口内断面的变化趋势;(3) 在各断面软相基质站位,化工园区及其邻近区域的大型底栖动物物种组成差异较大,栖息密度和生物量差异不显著;(4) 与国内其他河口近几年的调查数据相比,椒江口潮间带发现的大型底栖动物种数较高,且存在开敞型河口潮间带大型底栖动物种数大于内湾河口潮间带的现象.  相似文献   

7.
Gao F  Yin HB  Hu WP  Deng JC  Gao JF 《应用生态学报》2010,21(8):2132-2139
采用野外采样调查的方法,结合聚类(Cluster)、多维排序尺度(MDS)、典范对应分析(CCA),以及Shannon多样性指数、Pielou种类均匀度指数、Margalef种类丰度指数等手段,研究了巢湖流域春季大型底栖动物的种群结构特征、多样性及其与环境因子的相关性.调查共采集到大型底栖动物23种,其中环节动物门6种,占26.1%,节肢动物门8种,占34.8%,软体动物门9种,占39.1%;流域内大型底栖动物的优势种为环节动物门的霍甫水丝蚓(Limno-drilus hoffmeisteri)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi),以及软体动物门的铜锈环棱螺(Bel-lamya aeruginosa),且其在流域内的分布具有显著的空间差异性.出入湖河流上游区域(群落Ⅰ)生物多样性相对较好;出入湖河流下游区域(群落Ⅱ)生物多样性最差;巢湖湖体及出入湖河流河口(群落Ⅲ)生物多样性处于两者之间.巢湖流域大型底栖动物空间分布受各种环境因素影响,其中Chl a与NO-3为主要影响因素.  相似文献   

8.
为了解互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵红树林的生态影响,作者对位于北海市西村港的红树林湿地以及周边互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。2012年10月至2013年9月连续4次取样,按照取样时间研究大型底栖动物的种类、物种组成、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵红树林湿地对大型底栖动物的影响。本研究共采集底栖动物16种,隶属于5门7纲15科,其中互花米草群落10种,红树林湿地12种。研究发现互花米草入侵后中国绿螂(Glauconome chinensis)个体数量剧增,导致不同采样时间互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物生物量均显著高于红树林湿地;除个别月份外,红树林湿地大型底栖动物的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于互花米草群落。基于生境–采样时间的双因素方差分析结果表明,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境间差异显著;两种生境的Margalef丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数在不同采样时间差异显著;大型底栖动物生物量和物种数量在两种生境间和不同采样时间差异均显著。基于多元回归分析的研究结果表明,互花米草密度是影响大型底栖动物生物量的关键因子,而互花米草株高可以解释物种个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境的变化。对不同采样时间大型底栖动物群落结构的非度量多维度(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)分析结果表明,红树林与互花米草群落的大型底栖动物群落相似性很低。总而言之,在西村港地区,互花米草入侵虽然增加了大型底栖动物的生物量,但由于优势物种的凸显,显著降低了大型底栖动物群落的多样性,且种类组成与群落结构与红树林群落相比已有差异。由此可见,互花米草入侵红树林对当地的大型底栖动物群落多样性造成影响。  相似文献   

9.
对徐州市京杭运河市区段和市区湖泊云龙湖进行了大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子的比较研究。结果显示:城市河流和湖泊生态系统中,大型底栖动物种类较少、群落结构相对简单,其中城市河流大型底栖动物的组成主要为水栖寡毛类和软体动物,城市湖泊大型底栖动物主要组成为水栖寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫。除Margalef物种丰富度指数外,河流与湖泊的其他群落指数相差不大。聚类分析将两类生态系统中的大型底栖动物群落明显分为两组。CCA结果显示云龙湖大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是p H和溶解氧,京杭运河徐州市区段大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是总磷和化学需氧量。  相似文献   

10.
为了解安宁河底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素, 分别于丰水期(2015年7、8月)和枯水期(2016年1、2月)开展了安宁河中游干支流底栖动物的2次调查, 并于2015年7月至2016年6月进行安宁河支流的周年调查。共检出底栖动物5门115属122种, 其中水生昆虫居多(109种)。干流丰、枯水期底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于支流, 丰水期干支流底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于枯水期。安宁河支流全年优势种为四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、蚋(Simulium sp.)、高翔蜉(Epeorus sp.)、花翅蜉(Baetiella sp.)、扁襀(Peltoperlidae spp.)和小蜉(Ephemerella sp.)。安宁河支流底栖动物密度以12月最高, 7月最低; 生物量以1月最高, 7月最低。典范对应分析(CCA)分析结果显示, 影响丰水期安宁河底栖动物分布的关键环境因子为底质类型和海拔, 影响枯水期底栖动物分布的主要环境因子为流速、海拔和水温; 影响安宁河支流底栖动物群落结构周年变化的主要环境因子为水温与电导。研究为高海拔地区河流生物多样性研究和保护提供科学参考。  相似文献   

11.
Reed invasion is a common phenomenon of open streams with disturbed riparian vegetation in river catchments. Knowledge of the effects of such vegetation change on aquatic communities is fundamental to river management. Macroinvertebrate fauna in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and open bank habitats were examined in three rivers in central Victoria in order to understand the effect of such littoral habitat on macroinvertebrates. Data were analysed using Partially Nested Factorial ANOVA with season, river and habitats as main effects. Habitat structure had a significant effect (p<0.05) on macroinvertebrate species richness, however this was not seasonally consistent across the three rivers. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in macroinvertebrate taxa richness in Phragmites habitats during winter and spring seasons. Total abundance of taxa showed no consistent significant differences in the two habitats. Results of Canonical Analysis of Principle Coordinates indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in macroinvertebrate assemblages between Phragmites and bare bank habitats in all seasons. Habitat selection by taxa could be related to the microphysical environment of the habitats. This study suggests that reed beds create important littoral habitat structures which support diverse macroinvertebrate assemblages.  相似文献   

12.
长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
王璐  杨海军  李昆  李玲  南晓飞  张振兴 《生态学报》2018,38(13):4834-4842
源头溪流是河流生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要区域,对底栖动物的生物多样性维持具有重要意义。目前,针对我国源头溪流底栖动物群落结构的研究薄弱,对长白山源头溪流底栖动物季节动态的研究尚未见报道。采用野外原位定量取样的方法,力图阐释长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构的季节动态特征及其主要环境驱动因子。研究结果表明:(1)共计采集底栖动物90个分类单元,隶属于3纲9目38科。其中,水生昆虫85属,占绝对优势。底栖动物群落结构的季节动态明显,底栖动物密度及多样性在夏、秋季显著高于冬季和春季,并在冬季达到最低值。(2)底栖动物功能摄食类群以收集者占优势,其次为撕食者、捕食者和刮食者,滤食者相对丰度最低。不同功能摄食类群的季节动态不一致,但密度和物种丰富度整体表现为秋季最高。(3)水温、凋落叶分布和流速是长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态的主要环境驱动因子。本研究可为长白山源头溪流后续相关研究及长白山松花江水系生态修复提供基础数据支持及参考。  相似文献   

13.
The invertebrate fauna of a physically modified urban river   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
Beavan  Luke  Sadler  Jon  Pinder  Clive 《Hydrobiologia》2001,445(1-3):97-108
The typical urban river is affected by various factors relating to water quality problems, physical habitat modification (for flood prevention) and flashy flows. These restrict macroinvertebrate biodiversity such that a few tolerant taxa may dominate and more sensitive organisms may be completely absent. This paper presents the findings of a year long, macroinvertebrate survey of an urban river catchment and investigates the effects of physical habitat modification on macroinvertebrates using various analytical tools. It is demonstrated that considerable variation in invertebrate species, abundance, diversity and tolerance exists between different urban rivers, sites on the same river and individual sites at different sampling times. Analysis of paired sites with similar water quality, but contrasting physical habitat, indicates that less modified sites support a slightly higher quality macroinvertebrate fauna (defined by biotic score and beta diversity) than heavily engineered sites. It is concluded that water quality is the primary limiting factor of invertebrate biodiversity in the heavily urbanized River Tame catchment. The removal of heavy engineering structures may facilitate improvements to invertebrate fauna in urban rivers only in conjunction with improvements to water quality.  相似文献   

14.
Spatial patterns in taxonomic richness and turnover for fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates are compared to assess the relative usefulness of each taxonomic group in mapping biodiversity patterns. Fish and aquatic macroinvertebrate species data for sites down the longitudinal axes of nine rivers in four provinces along the eastern side of South Africa were analysed. Fish and aquatic macroinvertebrate data from previous studies and recent river surveys were used in analyses of species richness and turnover. Fish proved to be not useful for mapping biodiversity patterns, as measured by turnover, whereas aquatic macroinvertebrate species patterns exhibited predictable patterns of turnover with downstream distance. Average turnover rates could be decomposed into turnover of common (‘core’) species, which were accelerated by presence of rare and narrow-range species. Disruptions to the river continuum impacted on the rate of turnover. Consistent with other research on South African rivers, aquatic macroinvertebrate communities could be grouped into upland versus lowland assemblages, and also be defined by longitudinal zones. Fish biodiversity patterns should be viewed at a riverscape scale, whereas macroinvertebrate patterns are more easily discerned at a segment-reach scale, and applied to reflect connectivity and environmental gradients respectively.  相似文献   

15.
In studies using macroinvertebrates as indicators for monitoring rivers and streams, species level identifications in comparison with lower resolution identifications can have greater information content and result in more reliable site classifications and better capacity to discriminate between sites, yet many such programmes identify specimens to the resolution of family rather than species. This is often because it is cheaper to obtain family level data than species level data. Choice of appropriate taxonomic resolution is a compromise between the cost of obtaining data at high taxonomic resolutions and the loss of information at lower resolutions. Optimum taxonomic resolution should be determined by the information required to address programme objectives. Costs saved in identifying macroinvertebrates to family level may not be justified if family level data can not give the answers required and expending the extra cost to obtain species level data may not be warranted if cheaper family level data retains sufficient information to meet objectives. We investigated the influence of taxonomic resolution and sample quantification (abundance vs. presence/absence) on the representation of aquatic macroinvertebrate species assemblage patterns and species richness estimates. The study was conducted in a physically harsh dryland river system (Condamine-Balonne River system, located in south-western Queensland, Australia), characterised by low macroinvertebrate diversity. Our 29 study sites covered a wide geographic range and a diversity of lotic conditions and this was reflected by differences between sites in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and richness. The usefulness of expending the extra cost necessary to identify macroinvertebrates to species was quantified via the benefits this higher resolution data offered in its capacity to discriminate between sites and give accurate estimates of site species richness. We found that very little information (<6%) was lost by identifying taxa to family (or genus), as opposed to species, and that quantifying the abundance of taxa provided greater resolution for pattern interpretation than simply noting their presence/absence. Species richness was very well represented by genus, family and order richness, so that each of these could be used as surrogates of species richness if, for example, surveying to identify diversity hot-spots. It is suggested that sharing of common ecological responses among species within higher taxonomic units is the most plausible mechanism for the results. Based on a cost/benefit analysis, family level abundance data is recommended as the best resolution for resolving patterns in macroinvertebrate assemblages in this system. The relevance of these findings are discussed in the context of other low diversity, harsh, dryland river systems.  相似文献   

16.
《Ecological Indicators》2008,8(5):555-563
The purpose of this study was to test the performance of a new sampling strategy for bioassessment of water quality. The macroinvertebrates living in the mineral substrata of geomorphological unit riffles strategy (MMS-GUR) concentrates sampling effort on certain geomorphologically and hydrobiologically representative units within survey sites and refines the level of taxonomic sorting of pertinent macroinvertebrate communities therein. Previous data have demonstrated that the mineral substrata of geomorphological unit riffles (GURs) harbour a wide variety of macroinvertebrates and pollution-sensitive taxa [Beauger, A., Lair, N., Reyes-Marchant, P., Peiry, J.-L., 2006. The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier (France), in relation to riverbed characteristics. Hydrobiologia 571, 63–76]. These units are typical of alluvial rivers and are easily identified from the bank and easily sampled. The objectives of the present study were to specify the sampling effort required to obtain representative taxonomic data from these communities, and to compare the performance of the new protocol with that of an established multi-substratum sampling methodology (XS). Two sampling series were carried out on two rivers within the same hydro-ecoregion. Two separate data were compiled from each site, incorporating taxon lists and relevant biological, ecological and physiological trait (BEPT) information, one using conventional (XS) methodology and the other from the MMS-GUR protocol.Macroinvertebrates sampled from three GURs of the River Allier ranged from pollution-tolerant to pollution-sensitive taxa. A comparison between the two methods (MMS-GUR and XS) conducted on the Allier and the Loire confirmed the validity of GURs as representative features, showing that pollution-sensitive taxa were better represented on mineral substrata and pollution-tolerant taxa were not over-estimated. The XS method is characterised by eight samples, while preliminary studies on the Allier suggested that a maximum of 13 samples were required to obtain sufficient taxonomic richness using the MMS-GUR methodology. However in river sections where pollution-sensitive taxa were numerous, the number of MMS-GUR samples required for analysis could be reduced to 10 or 8.In the context of the EU Water Framework Directive and associated AQEM project, the MMS-GUR protocol may facilitate the comparison of different rivers by sampling macroinvertebrate communities from similar rhithron or epipotamon habitats and focussing on pollution-sensitive taxa. It has the further advantage of reducing the time and effort spent in sampling and sorting. Increasing the resolution of taxonomic information to the genus level may also improve the standard of water quality assessment.  相似文献   

17.
In small, forested catchments, short rainfall events cause relatively rapid increases in river discharge that inundate previously dry streamside habitats and last for several days. We examined the colonisation and use of such newly inundated habitats by macroinvertebrates in the riffles of a cobble-dominated river over a 4-day period. First we simulated inundation by adding dry river rocks to the main channel of the stream. Second, we observed colonisation of streamside rocks that were inundated following rainfall and subsequent natural spate. Macroinvertebrates colonised rocks in both habitats within 24 h, yet overall macroinvertebrate abundance did not change significantly over the subsequent 3 days. The abundances of common taxa were similar on mid-channel and stream bank rocks but each habitat contained a unique suite of uncommon taxa. Taxon richness was significantly greater on the stream bank rocks, which we attribute to the non-selective colonisation of fauna to avoid high flows in the main channel during the spate. Our study shows that fauna use the stream bank habitat as a haven from high flows in the main river channel, but the fate of the animals colonising this habitat is uncertain. Handling editor: D. Dudgeon  相似文献   

18.
Large river bioassessment protocols lag far behind those of wadeable streams and often rely on fish assemblages of individual rivers. We developed a regional macroinvertebrate index and assessed relative condition of six large river tributaries to the upper Mississippi and Ohio rivers, Midwest USA. In 2004 and 2005, benthic macroinvertebrates, water chemistry, and habitat data were collected from randomly selected sites on each of the St. Croix, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Scioto, Wabash, and Illinois rivers. We first identified the human disturbance gradient using principal components analysis (PCA) of abiotic data. From the PCA, least disturbed sites showed strong separation from stressed sites along a gradient contrasting high water clarity, canopy cover, habitat scores, and plant-based substrates at one end and higher conductivity and nutrient concentrations at the other. Evaluation of 97 benthic metrics identified those with good range, responsiveness, and relative scope of impairment, as well as redundancies with other metrics. The final index was composed of Diptera taxa richness, EPT taxa richness, Coleoptera taxa richness, percent oligochaete and leech taxa, percent collector-filterer individuals, predator taxa richness, percent burrower taxa, tolerant taxa richness, and percent facultative individuals. Each of the selected metrics was scored using upper and lower thresholds based on all sites, and averaging across the nine metric scores, we obtained the Non-wadeable Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Condition Index (NMACI). The NMACI showed a strong response to disturbance using a validation data set and was highly correlated with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination axes of benthic taxa. The cumulative distribution function of index scores for each river showed qualitative differences in condition among rivers. NMACI scores were highest for the federally protected St. Croix River and lowest for the Illinois River. Other rivers were intermediate and generally reflected the mixture of land use types within individual basins. Use of regional reference sites, though setting a high level of expectation, provides a valuable frame of reference for the potential of large river benthic communities that will aid management and restoration efforts.  相似文献   

19.
Because of human impacts, lowland rivers are among the most degraded running water ecosystems, with their floodplains being the center of human activity. Recently, many programs to restore running water ecosystems have been undertaken using various methods in streams and rivers of North America, Europe, and Far East Asia. However, research and knowledge on the effects of river restoration in lowland rivers are limited around the world. The restoration project involving the first reconstruction of a meandering channel in Asia has been conducted in a lowland river section of the Shibetsu River, northern Japan. We review the geomorphologic and hydraulic characteristics of lowland rivers and their environments for macroinvertebrates and discuss approaches to restoring macroinvertebrate communities in lowland rivers, using insights from the restoration project in the Shibetsu River. It is concluded that the recovery of macroinvertebrate assemblages in channelized lowland rivers requires the implementation of restoration methods to create stable substrates.  相似文献   

20.
底栖动物功能摄食类群对酸性矿山废水的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蒋万祥  贾兴焕  唐涛  蔡庆华 《生态学报》2016,36(18):5670-5681
为研究底栖动物功能摄食类群对酸性矿山废水的响应机理及高岚河硫铁矿对香溪河生态环境的影响状况,2006年9月、11月及2007年1月、3月、5月、7月对高岚河3个河段12个样点(受损河段G1—G3、恢复河段G4—G8、对照河段D1—D4)底栖动物进行了调研,同时测定了各样点水体金属含量(Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Fe、Al、Ca和Mg)、pH值、电导、水温、总溶解性固体、盐度、溶氧、流速、水深、水面宽度等理化指标。对3个河段底栖动物群落功能摄食类群群落结构及理化指标进行了对比分析,结果表明,受酸性矿山废水的影响,受损河段金属含量及电导、总固体悬浮物明显高于对照河段和恢复河段,受损河段pH值显著低于其他河段;而对照河段和恢复河段各项理化指标不存在明显差异。共采集底栖动物213种,隶属7纲,59科,四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、侧枝纹石蛾(Ceratopsyche sp.)、锯形蜉(Serratella sp.)和扁蜉(Heptagenia sp.)为研究区域优势类群;功能摄食类群相对丰度收集者最大,刮食者和滤食者次之,捕食者和撕食者最小,分别为48.8%、20.6%、17.0%、9.0%、4.7%。受损河段底栖动物各功能摄食类群密度和生物多样性指数明显低于对照河段和恢复河段,且组成相对单一;刮食者对酸性矿山废水反应最为敏感。非度量多维标度排序和多响应置换过程分析表明,受损河段底栖动物各功能摄食类群群落结构同对照河段和恢复河段存在较大差异,而对照河段和恢复河段群落结构相似性较高。典型对应分析发现,矿山酸性废水的排放是影响底栖动物功能摄食类群分布的主要因素。  相似文献   

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