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1.
发生在水稻根际的硝化作用对水稻的氮素(N)营养受到人们越来越大的关注。在田间条件下研究了不同N效率粳稻品种(4007、武运粳7号和Elio)在无肥(0kgN/hm^2)、中肥(180kgN/hm^2)和高肥(300kgN/hm^2)水平下籽粒产量、吸N量、N肥利用率、根际土壤铵态氮(NH4^+-N)和硝态氮(NO3^--N)含量、硝化强度和氨氧化细菌(AOB)数量。结果表明不同水稻品种的籽粒产量在3个N处理中差异极显著,4007在中肥处理中获得最高产量11117kg/hm^2,而Eilo在所有处理中籽粒产量均最低。各品种地上部吸N量随施N量增加而增加,但各品种之间差异不显著。不同水稻品种N肥利用率差异显著,4007显著高于武运粳7号和Elio。本试验根据不同品种水稻在不施N肥水平下的籽粒产量与N肥利用率的大小,将3个品种分为N肥高效敏感型(4007)、N肥高效不敏感型(武运粳7号)和N肥低效不敏感型(Elio)。在水稻中后期干湿交替的水分管理条件下,无肥和中肥区的水稻根际土壤以NO3^--N为主;而在高肥区则以NH4^+-N为主。随着施N量增加,水稻根际土壤铵、硝态N含量也随之增加。NH4^+-N含量在无肥、中肥和高肥水平下分别为0.88、0.94mg/kg和13.5mg/kg,而NO3^--N含量分别为1.61、1.73mg/kg和2.33mg/kg。不同水稻品种根际土壤硝化强度之间差异极显著,在3个施N水平下均表现为4007〉武运粳7号〉Elio。其平均值分别为6.94、5.46μg/(kg·h)和2.42μg/(kg·h)。在3个施N水平下,Elio根际土壤AOB数量均显著低于4007和武运粳7号。4007根际土壤AOB数量在高肥水平下达最大值2.02×106个/g土,而最小值为中肥水平下Elio的根际土壤(1.89×105个/g土)。相关性分析表明,水稻根际土壤硝化强度在无肥、中肥和高肥条件下与产量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.799,0.877,0.934),而且在中肥条件下与水稻N肥利用率显著相关(r=0.735)。水稻根际土壤AOB数量分别和硝化强度以及水稻籽粒产量呈极显著正相关关系。试验结果表明,水稻根际的硝化作用较大程度上决定着水稻籽粒产量或水稻N肥利用率。 相似文献
2.
为探索氮肥运筹对免耕条件下水稻根系生长以及对根际土壤特性、产量的影响,以金优253为材料进行试验。结果表明:平衡施肥显著提高单株根系干重、根长、单株生物量、根半径、单株根表面积、根长密度及根系活力,实收单产高于重穗肥和重基肥处理,且与重基肥差异达95%的显著水平,主要是有效穗数、结实率的增加。平衡施肥显著提高0~10 cm土层的0~2 mm根际土壤有机质、碱解氮含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。因此平衡施肥能明显促进免耕水稻根系生长和有效穗数的增加,对提高水稻产量具有促进作用。 相似文献
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4.
从我国南方水稻根部分离到3株氧化型革兰氏阴性细菌,编号为A1601,A1701和A1702。经15N示踪实验证明,它们均有较高的固氮能力。在无氮培养基中加入少量稻根浸出液进行培养后,可使固氮酶活性明显提高。根据菌株的形态和生理生化等特征鉴定,3株菌均为产孽菌属的细菌,分别为争论产碱菌(Alcaligenes paradoxus A1601),反硝化产碱蔺木糖氧化亚种(Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp.xylosoxydons A1701)和反硝化产碱菌反硝化亚种(Alcaligenes denitridicans subsp.denitrificans A1702)。这是继粪产碱菌(Alcaligenesfaecalis)之后,发现的产碱菌属中另外3株未见报道的固氮细菌。 相似文献
5.
通过田间试验研究了不同氮效率粳稻品种4007(氮高效)和Elio(氮低效)生育后期在N0(0 kgN hm-2)、N180(180 kgN hm-2)和N300(300 kgN hm-2)水平下根表、根际和土体土壤pH值、铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量、硝化强度和氨氧化细菌(AOB)数量.结果表明无论是齐穗期、灌浆期还是成熟期,根表土壤pH值均显著低于根际和土体土壤.土壤pH值范围在5.95至6.84之间变化.土壤NH+4-N含量随水稻生长显著下降,且随施氮量增加而显著增加.根表土壤NH+4-N有明显亏缺区,且随距水稻根表距离增加,NH+4-N含量逐渐升高.土壤NO-3-N含量随水稻生长显著增加,施氮处理均显著高于不施氮处理,但N180和N300处理差异不显著.NO-3-N含量表现为根际>土体>根表.水稻根表和根际土壤硝化强度随水稻生长显著下降,而土体土壤硝化强度随时间延长小幅增加.施氮显著提高4007水稻根表土壤在齐穗和收获期硝化强度以及Elio在齐穗期根际硝化强度,但在施氮处理N180和N300中无显著差异.在整个采样期间,土壤硝化强度均表现为根际>根表>土体.水稻根表和根际AOB数量随水稻生长而显著降低,而土体土壤AOB数量无显著变化.例如,根表土壤AOB数量在齐穗期、灌浆期和收获期分别为16.7×105、8.77×105个g-1 dry soil和8.01×105个g-1 dry soil.根表和根际土壤AOB数量无显著差异,但二者显著高于土体土壤AOB数量.就两个氮效率水稻品种而言,土壤pH值基本无差异.4007土壤NH+4-N含量均显著高于Elio.在齐穗期水稻根表、根际和土体土壤NO-3-N含量在N180水平下均表现为Elio显著高于4007.而在灌浆期和收获期,水稻根表、根际和土体土壤则表现为4007显著高于Elio.在所有采样期,两个水稻品种土体土壤硝化强度和AOB数量在3个施氮量下均无显著差异.Elio根表和根际土壤硝化强度和AOB数量在水稻灌浆期之前一直显著高于4007,而在灌浆期之后则显著低于4007,且最终产量和氮素利用率(NUE)显著低于4007,这可能是由于4007灌浆期后硝化作用强,根际产生的NO-3-N含量高,从而4007根吸收NO-3-N的量也高造成的.因此水稻灌浆期和收获期根表和根际硝化作用以及AOB与水稻高产及氮素高效利用密切相关. 相似文献
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根际通气状况对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以溶液培养的棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)幼苗为材料,测定了不同盐胁迫程度和不同通气状况下棉花幼苗株高、根系体积、根系和茎叶生物量以及灰分含量的变化,以探索根际通气状况对盐胁迫下棉花生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制棉花植株生长,表现为植株变矮、叶面积减小和干物质积累下降;根际环境通气不良也会导致棉花幼苗生长受抑制、干物质积累下降和矿质元素吸收减少等。进一步比较盐胁迫和根际通气状况及两者组合作用对棉苗生长的影响,发现盐胁迫对株高和总生物量的影响较大,而根际通气状况对根系体积、根系生物量、根冠比和矿质元素吸收的影响较大。总体表现为:盐胁迫对茎叶生长的不利影响较大,而根际通气状况对根系生长的不利影响较大。同时,在根际环境通气良好的条件下,不同程度盐胁迫导致的棉花幼苗株高、根系体积、叶面积、根系生物量和总生物量的变化程度远小于根际环境通气不良条件下的变化程度。实验结果表明,根际环境通气良好可以减弱盐胁迫对棉花生长发育的抑制作用,而根际环境通气不良则会加重盐胁迫的不利影响。 相似文献
7.
从北京地区16个水稻品种的根际分离筛选出两株固氮酶活性较高的菌株D-12和D-25。对这两个菌株进行了分类鉴定和固氮酶活性的测定。根据形态特征和理化特性的测定,菌株D-12属于肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),菌株D-25类似于克雷伯氏菌但又有区别,因此暂放在胁杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)。两个菌株均在厌氧条件下固氮酶活性最高。在Hill's无氮蔗糖培养基中30℃条件下,其固氮酶活性的高峰出现在第16至第18小时。 相似文献
8.
长江流域水稻根际芽杆菌属固氮菌株的分离与鉴定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Rice rhizosphere soil samples were colected from 10 sites of 7 provinces in the Yangzi River Valley, and from the soil samples 16 endospore-forming strains with ARA (Acetylene Reduction Activity) were isolated, the nitrogen fixing ability was tested by the method of 15N tracer and the atom 15N% excess are ranged from 0.0297% to 0.4714%. The strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. azotoformans, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. brevis, B. megaterium, B. firmu. 相似文献
9.
以不同产量籼稻品种中旱22(ZH,高产品种)和禾盛10号(HS,低产品种)为材料,采用根际培养箱(三室)--速冻切片技术研究了红壤水稻土种植条件下,水稻苗期生长、氮素积累和氮素利用率(NUE)、根孔隙度(POR)、根际土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度.结果表明,ZH苗期生长、氮素吸收及NUE均显著优于HS,且ZH单株不定根数量及根系通气组织发育程度(用POR表示)均显著高于HS.ZH根际和土体土壤中铵(NH+4)含量始终低于HS,而硝(NO-3)含量则始终高于HS,但二者根表土壤NH+4和NO-3含量均无显著差异.ZH和HS硝化强度最大发生部位均是在距根表2 mm的根际土壤,分别为:0.48 μmol kg-1h-1和0.31 μmol kg-1h-1.随着距根表越远,硝化强度就越弱,直至距根表10~20 mm处土壤硝化强度就接近于土体土壤.ZH根际土壤硝化强度始终显著高于HS,但二者根表和土体土壤硝化强度均无显著差异.与不种水稻的CK相比,根际土壤硝化强度提高了约2~3.5倍.尽管红壤水稻土硝化作用很弱,但红壤区水稻根际硝化作用与水稻苗期生长和氮素营养密切相关. 相似文献
10.
根际微生物影响植物的生长及环境适应性。不同种属、不同种群的植物影响其环境微生物群落;反之,根际微生物也影响宿主植物生长发育与生态适应性。植物与根际微生物的互作现象及其机制,是生命科学研究关注的热点,也是农业微生物利用的关键问题。近期,中国科学家在该领域取得了突破性进展。通过对不同籼稻(Oryza sativa subsp. indica)和粳稻(O. sativa subsp. japonica)品种的根际微生物组进行研究,发现籼稻根际比粳稻根际富集更多参与氮代谢的微生物群落,且该现象与硝酸盐转运蛋白基因NRT1.1B在籼粳之间的自然变异相关联。通过对籼稻接种籼稻根际特异富集的微生物群体可以提高前者对有机氮的利用,促进其生长。该研究揭示了籼稻和粳稻根际微生物分化的分子基础,展示了利用根际微生物提高水稻营养高效吸收的应用前景。 相似文献
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Two different rice cultivars, Yangdao 6 [Indica rice cultivar with high nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE)] and Nongken 57 (Japonica rice cultivar with low NUE) were used to study the relationship between NUE and nitrification activity in the rice seedling rhizosphere soil using a rhizobox with three compartments, and a soil-slicing method. The roots of both rice cultivars developed aerenchyma tissue [expressed as percentage porosity of root (POR)], but Yangdao 6 showed better development than Nongken 57. This root morphology change results in more radial oxygen loss (ROL) into the rhizosphere. Leaf glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) and nitrate (NO3-) reductase activity (NRA) of Yangdao 6 were significantly higher than those of Nongken 57, while there was no significant difference in root NRA between the cultivars. The nitrification activities were maximal in rhizosphere soil, followed by those in the bulk soil and the root surface for both cultivars. The rhizosphere nitrification activity, NO3- concentration and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) associated with Yangdao 6 were always higher than those of Nongken 57. Therefore, we conclude that the greater N uptake by Yangdao 6 when compared to Nongken 57 can be mainly attributed to the bigger capacity for nitrification in Yangdao 6. 相似文献
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Ugo Marzocchi Sara Benelli Morten Larsen Marco Bartoli Ronnie N. Glud 《Freshwater Biology》2019,64(3):532-543
- Aquatic macrophytes modify the sediment biogeochemistry via radial oxygen loss (ROL) from their roots. However, the variation in ROL and its implication for nutrient availability remains poorly explored.
- Here, we use planar O2 optodes to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of oxic niches within the rhizosphere of Vallisneria spiralis and their alteration following variable light and ambient O2 levels. The effect of ROL on NH4+ and PO43? distribution in the rhizosphere was evaluated by a combination of 15N isotopic techniques, 2D sampling, and electron microscopy.
- A single specimen of V. spiralis could maintain an oxidised sediment volume of 41–47 cm3 and 10–27 cm3 in the rhizosphere at 100% and 38% dissolved oxygen saturation in the overlying water, respectively. Whatever the environmental conditions, the ROL was, however, very heterogeneous and dependent on root age and architecture of the root system.
- ROL stimulated the coupling between denitrification and nitrification in the sediment both under dark (+25 μmol N‐N2 m?2 hr?1) and light (+70 μmol N‐N2 m?2 hr?1) conditions. This, in combination with plant uptake, contributed to intense removal of NH4+ from the pore water. Similarly, PO43? was highly depleted in the rhizosphere. The detection of Fe‐P plaques on the roots surface indicated substantial entrapment of P as a consequence of ROL.
- The extensive spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of oxic and anoxic conditions ensured that aerobic and anaerobic processes co‐occurred in the rhizosphere and this presumably reduced potential nutrient limitation while maximising plant fitness in an otherwise hostile reduced environment.
13.
Root aeration in rice (Oryza sativa): evaluation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene as possible regulators of root acclimatizations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa) acclimatize to root-zone O(2) deficiency by increasing porosity, and induction of a barrier to radial O(2) loss (ROL) in basal zones, to enhance longitudinal O(2) diffusion towards the root tip. Changes in root-zone gas composition that might induce these acclimatizations, namely low O(2), elevated ethylene, ethylene-low O(2) interactions, and high CO(2), were evaluated in hydroponic experiments. Neither low O(2) (0 or 0.028 mol m(-3) O(2)), ethylene (0.2 or 2.0 microl l(-1)), or combinations of these treatments, induced the barrier to ROL. This lack of induction of the barrier to ROL was despite a positive response of aerenchyma formation to low O(2) and elevated ethylene. Carbon dioxide at 10 kPa had no effect on root porosity, the barrier to ROL, or on growth. Our findings that ethylene does not induce the barrier to ROL in roots of rice, even though it can enhance aerenchyma formation, shows that these two acclimatizations for improved root aeration are differentially regulated. 相似文献
14.
水稻是目前世界上(尤其是东南亚)最主要的粮食作物之一,也是砷(As)通过食物链进入人体的主要途径。日益加剧的土壤砷污染,严重影响了稻米的产量和品质,进而威胁着人体健康。通过温室实验,研究CNT 87059-3、玉香油占和巴西陆稻3种不同渗氧能力的水稻品种在不同砷浓度处理下的生长情况和砷积累特征,结果表明:(1)渗氧能力强的玉香油占砷耐性指数最高,砷处理浓度为2 mg/L时耐性指数高达0.71,而CNT 87059-3的耐性指数为0.55,巴西陆稻仅有0.17;(2)随着砷处理浓度的升高,3种水稻品种的生物量呈现下降趋势,但渗氧能力强的玉香油占较其它两品种生物量的下降幅度小;(3)在不同砷浓度处理下水稻地下部分的砷含量有显著性差异(P0.001),且同种砷浓度处理下不同水稻品种的地下部分砷含量也存在显著性差异(P0.01),渗氧能力较强的水稻品种与渗氧能力较弱的品种相比能显著降低砷在根部(地下部分)的积累。水稻渗氧能力与其砷耐性和砷积累有显著相关性,渗氧能力越强,水稻的砷耐性越强,砷的积累量越少。因此,通过筛选渗氧能力强的水稻品种,有望降低污染农田水稻的砷含量和健康风险。 相似文献
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湿地植物根系径向泌氧(ROL)是构造根际氧化-还原异质微生态系统的核心要素,其扩散层为好氧、厌氧微生物提供了良好生境并促进其代谢活动,使湿地植物根际成为有机物降解、物质循环及生命活动最为强烈的场所,已有成果证明湿地植物根系ROL的强弱与污染物的去除效果密切相关。因此,开展湿地植物根系ROL及其在自然基质中的扩散效应研究,对于了解湿地植物根系ROL机理及其根际氧环境特征,进而发挥湿地植物的污染去除功能具有十分重要的意义。基于此,首先归纳了湿地植物根系ROL特征及其受影响机制的研究现状,而后从种属差异、时空分布及对微生物的影响等方面对根系ROL在自然基质中的扩散效应国内外研究成果进行了总结,最终根据研究现状与不足对今后的研究方向进行了简要展望。创新之处在于:1)提出影响根系氧供给及氧输送释放通道的环境、生物等因素,阐述了其对根系ROL的影响机制;2)着重阐述了目前研究较少提及的根系ROL扩散效应测定方法。 相似文献
16.
由于硝态氮(NO3^--N)对于水稻的生长起到非常重要的作用,所以发生在水稻根际的硝化作用越来越受到人们的重视.试验采用根盒(3室)--速冻切片技术研究了常规籼稻(扬稻6号)和常规粳稻(农垦57)苗期根际土壤矿质态氮、硝化作用和氨氧化细菌数量的时空变异.结果表明,在淹水条件下,土壤矿质态氮主要为铵态氮(NH4^+-N),NH4^+含量随水稻生育期的推进变化不大,但随着距根区的距离增加其含量随之增加,两个水稻品种之间差异不显著;而NO3-的变化趋势与NH4^+不一致,NO3^-含量随水稻生育期的延长而显著下降,在培养58d时其平均含量约为0.05 mg kg^-1,同时在整个土体内呈均匀分布,两个水稻品种之间差异显著.土壤的硝化强度随水稻的生长而增强,且两种水稻的硝化强度均为根际土壤最高,然后依次为土体土壤和根区土壤.扬稻6号和农垦57硝化强度最大值分别出现在距根6 mm和2 mm处,最大值分别为0.88 mg kg^-1h^-1和0.73 mg kg^-1h^-1.土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)数量随水稻生长时间的增加而增加,且其水平变异趋势与土壤的硝化强度一致,根际土壤AOB数量最多,土体土壤次之,根区土壤最少.相关分析结果表明,硝化强度和AOB数量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.86,p<0.01).种植扬稻6号的土壤NO3^-浓度、硝化强度以及AOB数量总是高于农垦57. 相似文献
17.
Hypoxia can stimulate the development of a suberized exodermis in aquatic plants; however, its influence on this aspect of terrestrial root development is sparsely documented. To determine the effects of hypoxia on maize (Zea mays cv. Seneca Horizon) roots, seedlings were grown in vermiculite (VERM), aerated hydroponics (AER), stagnant hydroponics with agar (STAG), or aerated hydroponics with agar (AERAG). The endo- and exodermis were examined for wall modifications. Lateral root emergence and aerenchyma formation were documented qualitatively. The endodermal Casparian band formation was unaffected by treatment. Endodermal and exodermal suberin lamella formation was earliest and most extensive in VERM. Suberization, especially in the exodermis of aerated treatments, was depressed in all hydroponic media. In comparison with AER, STAG exodermal lamellae were increased, but endodermal lamellae were decreased. Since the suberized exodermis forms a barrier to radial oxygen loss from roots to the medium, its stimulation in STAG roots (which also developed extensive aerenchyma) would help retain oxygen in the root. The reduction of endodermal lamellae should facilitate oxygen diffusion into the stele. Clearly, the response to environmental conditions is variable within individual cortical cell layers. Additionally, the observed patterns of lamellae, aerenchyma and lateral root development indicate a tight radial co-ordination of root development. 相似文献
18.
采用水培的方法研究了根区通氧状况对水稻根系结构、根系泌氧、根表铁膜生成以及水稻耐受、吸收Cd的影响.水培条件下,根区氧处理对水稻幼苗的生长产生了一定的影响,缺氧条件下的水稻根的伸长量降低,生物量增加,直径增粗,根系泌氧量增加,并降低幼苗对Cd的吸收.当培养溶液Cd2+浓度为1.0 mg/L时,缺氧处理相对于通氧处理,根表吸附的Cd降低了85 5%,地下部分吸收的Cd降低了35%,转运到地上部分的Cd降低了58%.根表铁膜对Cd的吸收和转运也有一定的抑制作用,但其作用因环境中Cd2+浓度和根区通氧状况而异.在根区通氧充分的培养条件下,水稻幼苗铁膜对较高浓度Cd2+(1.0 mg/L)的吸收和转运起着重要的作用,DCB-Cd占根系吸收Cd的50%,茎叶对Cd的吸收显著降低(p<0.05).研究表明在缺氧胁迫下,根系结构本身(如根表通透性降低)是影响水稻吸收Cd的重要因素. 相似文献
19.
Long-distance transport of gases in plants: a perspective on internal aeration and radial oxygen loss from roots 总被引:35,自引:4,他引:35
T. D. COLMER 《Plant, cell & environment》2003,26(1):17-36
Internal transport of gases is crucial for vascular plants inhabiting aquatic, wetland or flood‐prone environments. Diffusivity of gases in water is approximately 10 000 times slower than in air; thus direct exchange of gases between submerged tissues and the environment is strongly impeded. Aerenchyma provides a low‐resistance internal pathway for gas transport between shoot and root extremities. By this pathway, O2 is supplied to the roots and rhizosphere, while CO2, ethylene, and methane move from the soil to the shoots and atmosphere. Diffusion is the mechanism by which gases move within roots of all plant species, but significant pressurized through‐flow occurs in stems and rhizomes of several emergent and floating‐leaved wetland plants. Through‐flows can raise O2 concentrations in the rhizomes close to ambient levels. In general, rates of flow are determined by plant characteristics such as capacity to generate positive pressures in shoot tissues, and resistance to flow in the aerenchyma, as well as environmental conditions affecting leaf‐to‐air gradients in humidity and temperature. O2 diffusion in roots is influenced by anatomical, morphological and physiological characteristics, and environmental conditions. Roots of many (but not all) wetland species contain large volumes of aerenchyma (e.g. root porosity can reach 55%), while a barrier impermeable to radial O2 loss (ROL) often occurs in basal zones. These traits act synergistically to enhance the amount of O2 diffusing to the root apex and enable the development of an aerobic rhizosphere around the root tip, which enhances root penetration into anaerobic substrates. The barrier to ROL in roots of some species is induced by growth in stagnant conditions, whereas it is constitutive in others. An inducible change in the resistance to O2 across the hypodermis/exodermis is hypothesized to be of adaptive significance to plants inhabiting transiently waterlogged soils. Knowledge on the anatomical basis of the barrier to ROL in various species is scant. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that the barrier may also impede influx of: (i) soil‐derived gases, such as CO2, methane, and ethylene; (ii) potentially toxic substances (e.g. reduced metal ions) often present in waterlogged soils; and (iii) nutrients and water. Lateral roots, that remain permeable to O2, may be the main surface for exchange of substances between the roots and rhizosphere in wetland species. Further work is required to determine whether diversity in structure and function in roots of wetland species can be related to various niche habitats. 相似文献
20.
This study elucidated O2 dynamics in shoots and roots of submerged Halosarcia pergranulata (Salicornioideae), a perennial halophytic stem succulent that grows on floodprone mudflats of salt lakes. Oxygen within shoots and roots was measured using microelectrodes, for plants when waterlogged or completely submerged, with shoots in light or in darkness, in a controlled environment. Net photosynthesis (PN) when underwater, at a range of dissolved CO2 concentrations, was measured by monitoring O2 production rates by excised stems. The bulky nature and apparently low volume of gas-filled spaces of the succulent stems resulted in relatively high radial resistance to gas diffusion. At ambient CO2, quasi-steady state rates of PN by excised succulent stems were estimated to be close to zero; nevertheless, in intact plants, underwater photosynthesis provided O2 to tissues and led to radial O2 loss (ROL) from the roots, at least during the first several hours (the time period measured) after submergence or when light periods followed darkness. The influence of light on tissue O2 dynamics was confirmed in an experiment on a submerged plant in a salt lake in south-western Australia. In the late afternoon, partial pressure of O2 (pO2) in the succulent stem was 23.2 kPa (i.e. approximately 10% above that in the air), while in the roots, it was 6.2-9.8 kPa. Upon sunset, the pO2 in the succulent stems declined within 1 h to below detection, but then showed some fluctuations with the pO2 increasing to at most 2.5 kPa during the night. At night, pO2 in the roots remained higher than in the succulent stems, especially for a root with the basal portion in the floodwater. At sunrise, the pO2 increased in the succulent stems within minutes. In the roots, changes in the pO2 lagged behind those in the succulent stems. In summary, photosynthesis in stems of submerged plants increased the pO2 in the shoots and roots so that tissues experience diurnal changes in the pO2, but O2 from the H2O column also entered submerged plants. 相似文献