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1.
内生真菌感染对黑麦草抗盐性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
任安芝  高玉葆  章瑾  张晶 《生态学报》2006,26(6):1750-1757
以感染内生真菌的多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)(SR4000)为实验材料,建植内生真菌感染(EI)和不感染(EF)的黑麦草种群,并对其进行盐胁迫实验,通过观察生长和生理生态指标的变化,分析内生真菌对宿主植物抗盐性的影响。结果表明,内生真菌感染对宿主黑麦草的营养生长没有增益效应,相反在高盐浓度下,EI种群的分蘖能力和地上部分生物量均低于EF种群;但内生真菌能够改变宿主种群生物量的分配格局,将更大比例的生物量分配于根系。在高盐浓度下,内生真菌感染可导致黑麦草叶内的脯氨酸含量显著增加、可溶性糖含量显著降低,但对PSⅡ光化学效率Fv/Fm值的变化没有影响。总体来看,内生真菌感染并未改善宿主黑麦草的抗盐性。  相似文献   

2.
渗透胁迫下内生真菌感染对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
任安芝  高玉葆 《生态学报》2003,23(11):2307-2317
以含有内生真菌的黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)种子为材料,采用4C冰箱内和20℃光照培养箱内保存18个月的方式分别构建内生真菌感染(EI)和内生真菌非感染(EF)的黑麦草种群,通过比较EI和EF种群在正常条件下(对照)和渗透胁迫条件下种子发芽、幼苗生长等方面的差异,探讨内生真菌对其宿主植物的直接和间接影响。结果表明:在对照和胁迫条件下,E1种子的发芽势均明显高于EF种子,而只在重度渗透胁迫下,E1种子的发芽率才显著高于EF种子。对于黑麦草幼苗而言,渗透胁迫下内生真菌对宿主植物的地上部分和地下部分均有增益作用,最终表现为E1种群的总生物量显著高于EF种群,其中对地上部分的促进作用表现为内生真菌的存在不仅提高了宿主叶片的延伸速率、使EI叶片比EF叶片更长、叶面积更大,而且在重度胁迫下,E1种群的分蘖数也显著高于EF种群;对地下部分的促进作用表现为EI种群的根系总长度和根干重均高于EF种群。  相似文献   

3.
 以含有内生真菌的黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)种子为材料,采用4 ℃冰箱内和20 ℃培养箱内保存18个月的方式分别构建内生真菌侵染(EI)和内生真菌非侵染(EF)的黑麦草种群,通过比较EI和EF种群在正常条件下(对照)和渗透胁迫条件下种子发芽、幼苗生长等方面的差异,探讨内生真菌对其宿主植物的直接和间接影响。结果表明:在对照和胁迫条件下,EI种子的发芽势及发芽率均明显高于EF种子,而在重度胁迫下EI植株的叶延伸速率、根系总长度高于EF植株。内生真菌对宿主植物分蘖数和生物量的变化没有促进作用,但  相似文献   

4.
陈世萍  高玉葆  梁宇  任安芝 《生态学报》2001,21(12):1964-1972
以黑麦草为实验对象,研究了干旱胁迫条件下内生真菌感染对植株叶片含水量和叶内游离脯氨酸含量的影响,同时对渗透胁迫条件下植株叶内ABA含量的变化进行了分析。结果表明:①内生真菌的感染有助于使叶片保持较高的含水量;②在两种形式的水分胁迫下,。前期至中期高感染种群的叶片游离脯氨酸含量低于感染种群,而在末期则有高出低感染种群的趋势;③内生真菌感染对黑麦草叶内ABA累积的正效应只发生在轻度渗透胁迫下的较短时间范围内。  相似文献   

5.
以含有内生真菌的黑麦草 (L olium perenne L.)种子为材料 ,采用加热处理方式构建内生真菌非感染的黑麦草种群 ,通过比较内生真菌感染 (EI)和非感染 (EF)植株在正常条件下和干旱胁迫条件下叶片相对水分含量、叶绿素、可溶性糖和淀粉含量等指标的差异 ,探讨黑麦草 EI和 EF种群对干旱胁迫的适应性差异。结果表明 :在中度胁迫后期 ,EI植株叶片的 RWC显著高于 EF植株 ,即 EI植株的保水能力更强。轻度水分胁迫下 ,内生真菌感染可使其宿主植物的可溶性糖含量增加 ,以增强宿主的渗透调节能力 ,随着干旱胁迫强度的加大 ,内生真菌的这一增益效应不再起作用 ,此时 ,宿主植物将更多的光合产物——淀粉积累于体内 ,以度过不良环境。第 2年春天 EI和 EF种群的恢复生长情况进一步表明 ,经过中度干旱胁迫后 ,EI种群的恢复更为迅速。生物量的大小是植物种群净光合作用能力的直接体现 ,研究中在中度干旱胁迫条件下 ,黑麦草 EI种群的生物量显著高于EF种群 ,但从光合色素的变化来看 ,相同水分状况下 EI和 EF植株的 Chla、Chlb以及 Car的变化趋势比较接近 ,这说明内生真菌感染并未缓解干旱胁迫对光合色素的破坏 ,内生真菌可能通过其它途径来改善宿主植物的光合能力  相似文献   

6.
以含有内生真菌的黑麦草 (LoliumperenneL .)种子为材料 ,采用 4℃冰箱内和 2 0℃培养箱内保存 18个月的方式分别构建内生真菌侵染 (EI)和内生真菌非侵染 (EF)的黑麦草种群 ,通过比较EI和EF种群在正常条件下 (对照 )和渗透胁迫条件下种子发芽、幼苗生长等方面的差异 ,探讨内生真菌对其宿主植物的直接和间接影响。结果表明 :在对照和胁迫条件下 ,EI种子的发芽势及发芽率均明显高于EF种子 ,而在重度胁迫下EI植株的叶延伸速率、根系总长度高于EF植株。内生真菌对宿主植物分蘖数和生物量的变化没有促进作用 ,但可提高其在重度渗透胁迫下的同化组织比率。  相似文献   

7.
内生真菌感染对宿主植物高羊茅锌耐受性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李川  任安芝  高玉葆 《生态学报》2010,30(7):1684-1690
以感染内生真菌(Neotyphodium coenophialum)和未感染内生真菌的高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)为实验材料,在营养液中加入ZnSO4进行锌胁迫实验,分析内生真菌对宿主植物锌耐受性的影响。与未感染内生真菌的植株相比,内生真菌感染对高羊茅的总生物量没有显著增益作用,但增加了分蘖数和叶片延伸生长累积值。内生真菌感染降低了高羊茅中Zn2+的总含量,改变了锌在高羊茅中的分配,增加叶鞘中锌的含量,减少叶片中锌的含量。在高锌浓度下,内生真菌感染对净光合速率的变化没有影响,但是显著提高了其宿主的PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)。总体来看,内生真菌感染改善宿主高羊茅的锌耐受性。  相似文献   

8.
任安芝  高玉葆  周芳  陈磊 《生态学报》2007,27(12):5433-5440
选取感染和未感染的黑麦草为材料,在田间盆栽条件下研究内生真菌感染对宿主植物抵抗磷胁迫方面的贡献。结果表明,土壤中缺磷或内生真菌感染对黑麦草地上部生长的影响不显著,但内生真菌感染对植株地下部生长和生理指标有明显影响。缺磷条件下,内生真菌感染有助于黑麦草地下部分的生长,表现在根系总长度更长,生物量更大;同时根中酚类物质和有机酸的含量也显著高于未感染植株,但因酚类物质和有机酸总量增加的同时并未伴随着二者浓度的增加,由此推测,内生真菌在改变宿主黑麦草根系代谢活动方面的贡献有限。此外,内生真菌感染显著提高了宿主植物的磷利用效率,这可能和缺磷条件下内生真菌感染植株具有更高的酸性磷酸酶活性有关。  相似文献   

9.
 以黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为实验材料,研究在不同强度的干旱胁迫下内生真菌(Neotyphodium lolii (原 Acremonium lolii))感染对其净同化速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的影响。结果显示:1)在干旱胁迫前期,内生真菌感染(EI)种群和非感染(EF)种群之间的群体净同化速率无显著差异;到胁迫后期,在重度胁迫下EI种群的净同化速率高于EF种群;复水后,各个胁迫强度EI和EF种群的净同化速率均迅速恢复,差异消失;2)在群体蒸腾速率上,干旱胁迫对其影响大于内生真菌的影响;3)在群体水分利用效率上,只是在重度胁迫后期,EI种群才高于EF种群。  相似文献   

10.
干旱胁迫下内生真菌感染对黑麦草叶内几种同工酶的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
任安芝  高玉葆  陈悦 《生态学报》2004,24(7):1323-1329
以内生真菌感染(endophyte-infected,EI)与不感染(endophyte-free,EF)的黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)种子建立实验种群,分别对其施加长时间不同强度的干旱胁迫,通过比较黑麦草体内过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及其同工酶谱的变化以探讨保护酶系统在内生真菌——植物共生体的抗旱性方面所作的贡献。研究结果表明,水分胁迫和内生真菌对黑麦草3种酶的影响不仅表现在总量上而且表现在同工酶的酶谱及各区带的酶活力上。就总酶活力而言,EI和EF植株中POD、SOD和PPO的活性均随着干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加,进一步将EI和EF植株的酶活力进行比较,发现与EF植株相比,EI植株中POD和PPO的活性相对较低,而SOD的活性相对较高。从同工酶的谱带数量和强弱来看,POD同工酶各区带活力均随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加,EI植株叶片增加的幅度高于EF叶片,而且EI叶片在重度胁迫下出现了1条新带SOD同工酶各区带活力在EI叶片中有随干旱胁迫增加而增加的趋势,而在EF叶片中有些区带酶活力增强,有些区带酶活力减弱,且EI叶片在中度胁迫下出现了1条新带;PPO同工酶随干旱胁迫的增强,EI和EF叶片均表现为有些区带酶活力增强,有些区带酶活力减弱。总之,内生真菌的感染虽然没有显著提高宿主植物黑麦草POD、SOD和PPO的活性,但使宿主黑麦草对干旱胁迫的反应更为迅速,其中既包括POD、SOD等酶活力的迅速升高,也包括新酶带的产生。  相似文献   

11.
Endophyte-infected fED seeds of Lolium perenne L.were used to attain endophyte-free fED population by heating the seeds at 43℃ for 15 min and then 57℃ for 25 min.Relative water content(RWC),chlorophyll,soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant.Under severe stress.RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that Of EF leaf,i.e.EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability.Under mild stress,endophytc could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability.With stress intensification,the improvement of endophyte no longer existed,and more photosynthetic products(such as starch)accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable condidons.In the next spring,EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations.The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis.Under severe stress,EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population.As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned,contents of Chla,Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants,which suggested that endophyte infection didn't alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress,and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways.  相似文献   

12.
Endophyte-infected (EI) seeds of Lolium perenne L. were used to attain endophyte-free (EF) population by heating the seeds at 43°C for 15 min and then 57°C for 25 min. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant. Under severe stress, RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that of EF leaf, i.e. EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability. Under mild stress, endophyte could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability. With stress intensification, the improvement of endophyte no longer existed, and more photosynthetic products (such as starch) accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable conditions. In the next spring, EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations. The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis. Under severe stress, EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population. As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned, contents of Chla, Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants, which suggested that endophyte infection didn’t alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress, and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways.  相似文献   

13.
Endophyte-infected (EI) seeds of Lolium perenne L. were used to attain endophyte-free (EF) population by heating the seeds at 43°C for 15 min and then 57°C for 25 min. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant. Under severe stress, RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that of EF leaf, i.e. EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability. Under mild stress, endophyte could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability. With stress intensification, the improvement of endophyte no longer existed, and more photosynthetic products (such as starch) accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable conditions. In the next spring, EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations. The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis. Under severe stress, EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population. As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned, contents of Chla, Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants, which suggested that endophyte infection didn’t alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress, and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25 (2) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(2)]  相似文献   

14.
Leaves of many cool-season grasses are infected by endophytic fungi that can impact their populations. A common garden experiment with Lolium perenne was established in a lawn in New Jersey, USA, to investigate the impact of endophyte infection and host genotype on tiller and spike production over three years. Infected (E+) and uninfected (E-) plants of each genotype were monitored every 2-3 mo. Infection intensity within plants varied significantly among genotypes and years, but there was no evidence of directional change over time. Tiller production varied significantly among genotypes and was affected by endophytes: E+ plants of several genotypes produced more tillers than E- plants during the third year. E+ plants had greater aboveground biomass, but host genotype explained a far greater proportion of variation in tiller production, number, and biomass than infection. Plant survival, percentage flowering, flowering date, number of spikes, and mean tiller mass were unaffected by endophytes. However, the last three variables showed significant variation among host genotypes. Although studies have demonstrated a positive growth effect of endophytes on several grass hosts, in this experiment host genotype accounted for far more of the variation in tiller and spike production and in biomass of Lolium perenne than endophyte infection.  相似文献   

15.
培养液中缺磷或内生真菌感染对黑麦草地上部生长的影响不显著,但二者的交互作用却有着显著影响。随着磷浓度的下降,感染内生真菌的黑麦草显示出较强的生长优势,其根长和根中酚类物质的含量显著增加。  相似文献   

16.
以黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为实验材料,研究在不同氮素营养条件下内生真菌(Neotyphodium lolii)感染对其光合特性及生物量的影响。结果表明:1)整个实验中,内生真菌感染对黑麦草净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及水分利用效率均无显著影响,但在中氮和高氮水平时,感染种群的净同化累积值有超过非感染种群的趋势;2)在本实验的第一处理期和第二处理期,内生真菌感染对黑麦草绿色部分的干物质产量无显著影响,但在第三处理期感染种群的绿色部分的干物质产量显著高于非感染种群。  相似文献   

17.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a cool-season, perennial species widely used for forage and turf. It is often infected by a clandestine, endophytic fungus (Neotyphodium lolii) that has the potential to affect host growth responses to abiotically stressful conditions. In some species, the grass-endophyte symbiosis is mutualistic, but the relationship is reported to be contingent on environmental conditions and host genotype in L. perenne. The objective of this research was to determine the potential effects of endophyte infection on recovery from severe drought stress in variable genotypes of a perennial ryegrass cultivar. Sixteen infected (+E) and 16 uninfected (-E) ramets were planted in the greenhouse for each of 10 ryegrass genotypes. Eight +E and eight -E plants per genotype were exposed to three sequential droughts where water was withheld for 11-14 d, resulting in <5% soil moisture; the others (control) were watered as needed. Response variables were tiller numbers 1 wk and 4 wk after drought, and leaf area and dry mass of shoots and roots 7 wk after drought. In both control and drought, -E plants had more tillers, and greater leaf area and total mass, than +E plants, suggesting a detrimental effect of endophytic fungi. Fungal hyphae survived the drought and were abundant in post-drought, +E plants. The effects of endophytes were specific for particular host genotypes, as exemplified by significant genotype × endophyte interactions. Root : shoot ratio and percent of mass allocated to tiller bases (a rough measure of resource storage) showed genotype × endophyte × drought interactions. There was plasticity for root : shoot ratio and genetic variation in the ability to restore root growth during recovery from drought. For 7 of 10 genotypes, -E plants showed an equal or greater allocation to tiller bases than +E plants following drought recovery, illustrating a cost to endophyte infection for some genotypes. The symbiotic relationship between L. perenne and its endophyte primarily benefits the fungus, not the host, under many environmental conditions.  相似文献   

18.
以黑麦草(Lolium perenne L)为实验材料,研究在不同氮素营养条件下内生真菌(Neotyphodium lolii)感染对其光合特性及生物量的影响.结果表明:1)整个实验中,内生真菌感染对黑麦草净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及水分利用效率均无显著影响,但在中氮和高氮水平时,感染种群的净同化累积值有超过非感染种群的趋势;2)在本实验的第一处理期和第二处理期,内生真菌感染对黑麦草绿色部分的干物质产量无显著影响,但在第三处理期感染种群的绿色部分的干物质产量显著高于非感染种群.  相似文献   

19.
The growth response of endophyte-infected (EI) and endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue to salt stress was investigated under two growing systems (hydroponic and soil in pots). The hydroponic experiment showed that endophyte infection significantly increased tiller and leaf number, which led to an increase in the total biomass of the host grass. Endophyte infection enhanced Na accumulation in the host grass and improved Na transport from the roots to the shoots. With a 15 g l?1 NaCl treatment, the phytoextraction efficiency of EI tall fescue was 2.34-fold higher than EF plants. When the plants were grown in saline soils, endophyte infection also significantly increased tiller number, shoot height and the total biomass of the host grass. Although EI tall fescue cannot accumulate Na to a level high enough for it to be termed a halophyte, the increased biomass production and stress tolerance suggested that endophyte / plant associations had the potential to be a model for endophyte-assisted phytoextraction in saline soils.  相似文献   

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