湖南省两种椋鸟再发现——黑领椋鸟和紫翅椋鸟

<正>2011年12月9日,在湖南省长沙市橘子洲公园中部(28°11'35.8″N、112°21'21.3″E,海拔36m)拍摄到一组3只黑领椋鸟Sturnus nigricollis(Paykull)和1只紫翅椋鸟Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus的照片,周围有大群灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus和丝光椋鸟Sturnus sericeus活动。经鉴定,确定为黑领椋鸟和紫翅椋鸟北疆亚种Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi,隶属于雀形目Passeriformes椋鸟科     

重庆市鸟类一新记录——黑领椋鸟

2006年3月25~26日,我们重庆市清华中学校“寻禽记”观鸟会一行在位于重庆市九龙坡区杨家坪的重庆动物园熊猫馆附近,连续两天观察到1对椋鸟在筑巢、觅食和鸣叫,经鉴定为重庆市鸟类新记录———黑领椋鸟Sturnusnigricollis(Paykull,1807),隶属雀形目Passeriformes椋鸟科Sturnidae     

同域分布下丝光椋鸟与灰椋鸟的繁殖行为

2011年3—6月,通过悬挂巢箱人工招引丝光椋鸟(Sturnus sericeus)及同域分布下的灰椋鸟(Sturnus cineraceus),并对其繁殖生态进行了初步研究。共设置椋鸟式巢箱40个,其中椋鸟的入住率是84.6%,营巢成功率是51.5%,利用摄像机对其中3巢丝光椋鸟与3巢灰椋鸟进行了系统的繁殖行为观察。结果显示:丝光椋鸟窝卵数为6～7枚,灰椋鸟窝卵数5～7枚,后者的卵显著大于前者;丝光椋鸟的育雏期(20d)较灰椋鸟(16d)长,且亲鸟的递食率明显较高;育雏期丝光椋鸟亲鸟的警戒频次也明显高于灰椋鸟。因此,相比于灰椋鸟,丝光椋鸟具有更完善的育雏行为机制。另外,本文还首次报道了丝光椋鸟的种内巢寄生现象。     

粉红椋鸟及斑文鸟在苏南发现

(一)粉红椋鸟(Sturnus roseus) 粉红椋鸟在国内仅在夏季见于新疆。曾见于甘肃西北部弱水及上海,当为迷鸟。其余地区未见报道。 1975年12月28日晚,我们在江苏省太仓县浮桥公社村落附近的一处竹园内,用纲围捕“夹     

四川首次记录粉红椋鸟

1990年6月5日在四川兴文县共乐采到1只雌性粉红椋鸟(Sturnus roseus Linnaeus),为四川省鸟类首次记录。体重65克;体长212、翅长130、尾长71、嘴峰22、跗蹠34毫米。形态额至枕及冠羽、头侧、颏至上胸黑色,并具紫色光泽,颏、喉有白色细纹;其余颈部、翼羽、尾羽及其上下覆羽、腿覆羽黑褐色,次级翅上覆羽、三级飞羽和尾上覆羽较黑     

浙江温州地区4种雀形目鸟类消化道形态特征比较

食性是影响鸟类消化系统形态结构的重要因子之一.本文对丝光椋鸟Sturnus sericeus、白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis、小鹀Emberiza pusilla及红头长尾山雀Aegithalos concinnus 4种雀形目鸟类的消化道形态结构进行了比较研究.结果发现,4种雀形目鸟类总消化道及各消化器...     

新疆哈密地区粉红椋鸟繁殖行为及招引对策的初步研究

粉红椋鸟(Sturnus roseus)是一种长距离迁徙鸟类,新疆是其在中国境内的繁殖区。本研究于2009年5～7月粉红椋鸟繁殖期内,在哈密巴里坤山前草原地带对其繁殖行为进行了系统的野外观察。结果表明,①粉红椋鸟多选择隐蔽的场所营巢,巢内、外径分别为(8.08±0.38)cm和(25.25±2.82)cm,巢高、深分别为(4.55±1.65)cm和(63.00±35.34)cm,n=8;②粉红椋鸟一年产一窝,窝卵数平均为(4.25±0.71)枚(n=8);孵化率为94.12%,雏鸟成活率为88.24%(n=34);③粉红椋鸟每日不同时段育雏次数差异极显著(P0.01),每日6:30～7:30、10:30～12:30时出现育雏高峰,平均(7.6±1.1)min育雏一次;④粉红椋鸟雏鸟生长发育呈S型曲线变化。研究结果可为提高粉红椋鸟人工招引率提供理论指导。     

丝光椋鸟的代谢产热特征及体温调节的日周期变化

为探讨丝光椋鸟(Sturnus sericeuts)代谢产热特征及体温调节的日周期变化,本研究采用开放式氧气分析仪及数字式温度计,测定了丝光椋鸟24 h体温、体重(Mb)和基础代谢率(BMR)的连续变化.结果显示,丝光椋鸟体温、体重及代谢率的日周期变化存在显著差异.丝光椋鸟夜间体温明显低于白昼,其中体温在凌晨5时降至(40.4±0.1)℃;体重昼夜变化明显,且在20:00～次日6:00时雌雄丝光椋鸟体重的下降与时间分别存在明显的线性关系,雌性为Mb=83.46(±0.12)-0.41(±0.02)t(R2=0.992,P＜0.01);雄性为Mb =76.74(±0.15)-0.39(±0.02)t(R2=0.986,P＜0.01)(式中的t代表时间).丝光椋鸟的BMR在凌晨4时降至最低,为(1.96±0.06) ml/(g·h).结果表明,丝光椋鸟通过内源性的调节,即夜间降低体温、体重及代谢率等途径,调节生理能量平衡,从而适应昼夜环境变化.     

黑龙江省鸟类新纪录——紫翅椋鸟

笔者于2007年3月25日在黑龙江省大庆龙凤湿地发现15只紫翅椋鸟(Sturnus vulagaris)并拍摄照片.后又于4月26日在扎龙国家级自然保护区进行鸟类资源监测时,于18:00时左右用10 x 50 Eagle Optics双筒及20×60 Kowa单筒望远镜在望鹤楼(N47°11'42.2",E124°14'04.7")北面的灌木丛中的杨树树梢上发现1只紫翅椋鸟,栖息地生境为杨树林,下层灌木丛为榆叶梅和丁香,地表面有稀疏草丛.     

陕西省鸟类新纪录——紫翅椋鸟

<正>2012年11月20日,笔者在陕西省渭南市浦城县原任乡姚吴村(34°48'42.63″N,109°32'10.47″E,海拔375m)进行鸟类调查时观察到7只紫翅椋鸟Sturnus vulgaris,它们觅食于盐碱池,惊扰后则停歇于电线上。2012年12月15日调查时,再次观察到该种鸟,数量仅2只。通过20～45倍的单筒望远镜(威信VIXEN)观察,并核对照片(佳能7D照相机与300定焦镜头加1.4     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.