南苜蓿组织和原生质体培养及转化试验

主要探讨南苜宿子叶和下胚轴外植体,子叶原生岳体培养中的器官发生及遗传转化。南苜蓿子叶和下胚细外植体培养在附加１ＡＡ０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ和细胞分裂素（ＢＡ或ＺＴ）０．５－２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,在有当照的条件下诱导形成不定芽,进而再生成完整植株。子叶原生质体培养在附加２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＫＴ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｂ５液体培养基中,细胞分裂频率可达３０－４１％,原生质全来源的愈伤组织在ＭＳＢ培养基（Ｍ     

在1／3海水培养基上筛选豆瓣菜耐盐变异体

系统地研究了豆瓣菜（ＮａｓｔｕｒｔｉｕｍｏｆｆｉｃａｉｎａｌｅＲ．Ｂｒ）茎段外植体对６－ＢＡ,ＮＡＡ和２,４－Ｄ的反应,确定了ＭＳ培养基附加６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,２,４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ为豆瓣菜愈伤组织诱导,继代培养基;ＭＳ培养基附加６－ＢＡ４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ为芽再生培养基;ＭＳ基本培养基为植株的生根的扦插繁殖培养基,将３２５个豆瓣菜茎切段外植体接种到含１／３海水的愈伤组织诱导培养基上,１７块外植体     

哑特猕猴桃微繁工艺流程的研究

选用哑特猕猴桃腋芽为外植体。在不同发育阶段适宜培养基组成：芽增殖生长培养基为ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ（或者ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）,其在苗基部呈辐射状萌发多个嫩枝与主茎伸长生长同步进行的繁殖特点,有利提高繁殖率。４０ｄ繁殖系数为５－７。诱导生根培养基为ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,生根率达９７．１％,培养３０ｄ,平均苗高３．５ｃｍ,     

风信子花被外植体年龄对花器官分化的影响

离体培养风信子（ＨｙａｃｉｎｔｈｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ．）不同年龄的花被外植体诱导花器官直接再生的实验表明：１．在ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ、２,４Ｄ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,年龄Ｖ的外植体大量衰老,基本丧失器官再生能力,处于年龄段ＩＩ～ＩＶ的外植体可发生玻璃化反应。２．玻璃化反应的外植体转移至ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＡＡ０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上继续培养３０ｄ后可再生正常的花被片,表明降低培养基中外源激素浓度能够阻止玻璃化反应继续发生。３．在ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ、２,４Ｄ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,外植体形态学下部可再生雌蕊状早期结构。平均每块外植体分化雌蕊状早期结构数以年龄Ⅲ的外植体最多     

中麻黄悬浮培养体系的建立

本文用中麻黄无菌苗为外植体,其切段培养在附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ　６　ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上,全部脱分化形成白色疏松愈伤组织。愈伤组织继代培养于ＭＳ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ６ＢＡ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ　ＮＡＡ＋４％蔗糖的培养某上。以继代培养愈伤组织为材料进行悬浮培养,培养基为附加０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ６ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋２％蔗糖的ＭＳ液体培养基,得到分散性好,细胞形状接近圆形,细胞大小均一,细胞团多由２－３０个细胞组成的悬浮培养体系。第三代悬浮培养细胞增长率为０．３５ｇ·ｆｗ／２０ｍｌ·ｄ,细胞有丝分裂指数为１１．２％。条件培养和高密度接种可缩短延迟期,条件培养不能提高分裂指数,１ｇ／１０ｍｌ接种密度可使分裂指数提高至２１．２％。     

大叶紫花苜蓿愈伤组织原生质体再生植株

大叶紫花苜蓿下胚轴诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养基上生长快速,易于分散。继代第１２ｄ的愈伤组织原生质体的得率为６．５×１０７／ｇ鲜重。原生质体培养基为ＳＨ基本培养基,含有１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－０、０．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ、２．０ｇ／ＬＣＨ、２％蔗糖、６％葡萄糖、５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭＥＳ,培养密度为１．０×１０５／ｍＬ。培养至第１２ｄ时的原生质体再生细胞植板率为３．７％。由原生质体形成的小愈伤组织在含２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ的ＭＳ固体培养基上大量增殖。增殖的愈伤组织转移至２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２－ｉｐ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的Ｂ５培养基上,形成体细胞胚并发育成完整植株。     

影响木薯次生胚状体发生及植株再生因素的研究

研究了在外植体的不同发育阶段中,碳源以及不同的生长激素配比对木薯次生胚状体诱导及植株再生的影响。结果表明：以固体成熟培养基上生长１５ｄ的胚状体子叶为外植体,次生胚状体的产量最高,达２９．３个成熟胚状体／１个外植体。在次生胚状体的诱导阶段,以麦芽糖（４０ｇ／Ｌ）代替蔗糖作碳源,能同时提高次生胚状体的产量（３２．５个胚次体／１个外植体）及植株再生频率（７４．３％）。２,４－Ｄ与ＰＰ３３３;（０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）配合能提高植株再生频率到７７．６％。２,４－Ｄ与ＢＡＰ（２ｍｇ／Ｌ）或激动素（２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）配合则大大降低了胚状体诱导及植株再生频率。     

金鱼草（Antitthinum majus L．）下胚轴外植体不定芽的高频再生

本文发展的技术可以使金鱼草下胚轴外植体不定芽高频再生。添加有２ｍｇ／ｌＢＡＰ和０．５ｍｇ／ｌＮＡＡ的ＭＳ培养基上再生芽出得又快又多，淡黄色愈伤组织易于形成并存活。但主要依赖的是６－ＢＡＰ。ＭＳ培养基中含有０．１ｍｇ／ｌ或６ｍｇ／ｌ浓度的６－ＢＡＰ均能刺激芽的发育，最适浓度为２－３ｍｇ／ｌ．仅加２，４－Ｄ，也能形成正常的黄色愈伤组织。但这样形成的愈伤组织在只含有０．１－６ｍｇ／ｌ６－ＢＡＰ或含有２ｍｇ／ｌ６－ＢＡＰ和０．５ｍｇ／ｌＮＡＡ的ＭＳ培养基上均不能分化生出再生芽来。仅加ＮＡＡ，能够刺激下胚轴形成根。加入ＡｇＮＯ＿３，则抑制不定芽的再生，并导致整个外植体变成棕色而死亡。组织化学分析结果表明：不定芽的再生源于下胚轴外植体表皮细胞。在不含有任何生长调节剂的ＭＳ培养基上，再生苗均能形成根。再生植株移栽至花盆可开花结实。     

香艳梨离体培养研究

本试验以香艳梨的茎尖,不带芽茎段,带芽茎段,叶片,叶柄为试材,以１／２ＭＳ为基本培养基,分别附加０．５～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的６－卡基氨基嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）和０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）,２,４－二氯苯氧乙酸（２,４－Ｄ）进行离体培养研究。结果表明,试材用０．１％ＨｇＣｌ２灭菌５～６分钟为宜;在７月份接种感染率低,愈伤组织形成较快;茎尖,不带芽茎段,带芽茎段,叶片均可作为离体培养的外植体,叶片的脱分化,分化的效果尤为明显,叶柄不宜作外植体;１／２ＭＳ＋１．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１６－ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＮＡＡ有利于脱分化;１／２ＭＳ＋１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１６－ＢＡ有利于分化;瓶外生根优于瓶内生根。本试验可为香艳梨的工厂化育苗提供参考。     

枸杞髓组织离体培养及高频率植株再生的研究

枸杞髓组织在４种ＭＳ培养基上都能诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率５３．７％～１００％。在培养基ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ获得的愈伤组织,呈颗粒状,分散性能好,胚性细胞多．将其转移到ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｍ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的分化培养基上获得大量绿色小芽,小芽在ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上得到快速繁殖,繁殖系数５０～１５０株／芽·月。丛生芽在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｔｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上形成完整植株     

改良菜心离体培养植株再生体系的研究(简报)

菜心(Brassica campestris L.subsp.chinensis Makino var.parachinensis Tsen et Lee)为十字花科芸薹属芸薹种中国白菜亚种中的一个变种,又名“菜薹”。它是我国南方特产蔬菜之一,在蔬菜的周年供应上有重要地位。目前迫切需要培育抗病虫、抗逆和具有其他优良农艺性状的新品种,以提高菜心的     

改良菜心离体培养植株再生体系的研究（简报）

This investigation has developed an efficient and fast method for plant regeneration from petiole of cotyledon explants of Brassica campestris L. subsp. chinensis Makino var. parachinensis Tsen et Lee. A medium was designed for B. campestris subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis to obtain the high frequency of shoot regeneration, which contained BAP 2 mg/L, NAA 0.75-1.0 mgL and 7.5 mg/L AgNO3 solution to the half of NH4+ concentration's MS basic medium. 60 mL/L coconut milk were added to all of media. In this method, frequency of shoot regeneration of "youqing caixin" reached as high as 91.2% and the number of shoots per explant reached as high as 4.7 plants. The result showed that there was a positive correlation between frequency of shoot regeneration and number of shoots per explant. The little shoots could be observed five days after inoculation and were formed directly. The inducing rate of roots of the shoots reached as high as 100% and the rate of viability of transferred mature plant reached higher than 95%. The regeneration period from petiole with cotyledon to a seedling was shorten to about 49 days. Factors influencing in vitro explant regeneration were studied.     

白菜高效再生系统的建立及其不定芽发生的组织学观察（简报）

白菜(Brassica campestris Lssp．chinensis Makino)起源于欧洲的野生芸薹,有许多变种和类型,是我国尤其是长江流域及南方各省普遍栽培的重要蔬菜种类之一,在农业生产中占有重要的地位。由于白菜的植株再生频率同其他芸薹属作物相比较低,因此,影响了基因工程技术在白菜品种改良上的应用。虽     

壳寡糖对不结球白菜子叶离体培养再生体系的影响

以不结球白菜（Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis Makino）子叶为外植体,考察壳寡糖对不结球白菜子叶离体培养再生体系的影响。在添加外源激素6．BA和NAA的条件下,比较了不同浓度（0．5、1．0、2．0和10．0mg·L^-1）壳寡糖对不结球白菜子叶形成愈伤组织、再生芽和再生不定根的影响。实验结果表明,低浓度的壳寡糖能促进子叶形成愈伤组织、再生芽。壳寡糖促进子叶形成愈伤组织和再生芽的最适浓度为0．5mg·L^-1,与其他浓度壳寡糖处理组相比,该浓度壳寡糖促进了子叶愈伤组织的形成,使出愈率达到92％。此外,该浓度壳寡糖能提高子叶的芽再生频率,使再生率达到80％,同时再生芽长度、叶绿素含量及外植体总鲜重达到最大,均显著高于对照组。然而,壳寡糖对再生芽生根有抑制作用,形成的不定根数目、平均根长和最长根长度均小于对照组。     

A two-stage pretreatment of seedlings improves adventitious shoot regeneration in sugar beet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> L.)

The effects of a two-stage pretreatment of seedlings on the subsequent shoot regeneration capacity were investigated. Pretreated seedlings were obtained by germinating seeds on three different germination media and then further culturing on six different growth media. Lamina and petiole explants of two sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines were then excised from the pretreated seedlings and cultured on five different shoot regeneration media. In both breeding lines, petiole explants produced significantly more shoots than lamina explants with higher frequencies of organogenic capacities; petiole explants of the lines M1195 and ELK345 produced a mean of 2.1 and 2.7 shoots per explant while their lamina explants produced 1.5 and 2.2 shoots per explant, respectively. A genotypic variation was evident as the line ELK345 was more productive for shoot development from both types of explants. In overall comparisons of different germination, growth and regeneration media, germination medium was most effective when supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) while both growth and regeneration media were most productive when contained a combination of 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Of all the treatments tested, the highest mean number of shoots per explant (8.3 shoots) and frequency of organogenic explants (75.6%) were obtained on regeneration medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA when petiole explants of the line ELK345 were excised from the seedlings that had been germinated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA followed by further growth on medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA.     

香蕉组织培养过程中内生菌污染的控制

研究了体外培养一种孟加拉传统香蕉(Musa spp.Cv. Kanthali)的茎尖组织。茎尖的原始细胞表面经无菌处理(0.1%HgCl2处理12min) ,接种6~15d后外植体地下茎部分仍有微生物污染(大部分是细菌) ,杀死了85%的外植体。为确定无污染培养基,将等量外植体分别浸泡在含400mg/L氨苄青霉素和200mg/L庆大霉素(两种光谱抗生素)的培养基中1h。结果表明,经抗生素处理的外植体完全没有污染,但培养3周后不能再生。进行二次继代培养后,其中一部分外植体吸收了培养基并胀大,颜色由苍白转变成浅绿或深绿。三次继代培养后数天,不再观察到外植体的生长,所有经抗生素处理过的外植体都开始死亡。在未经抗生素处理的活外植体中,单个茎发育的最佳培养基是:MS 4.0mg/L BA 0.5mg/L KT 15% CW,平均生长时间为18~21d,但再生率很低,只有30%。茎细胞增殖的最佳培养基是:MS 4.0mg/L BA 2.0mg/LIAA 15% CW,每个茎平均只萌发3~4个芽。最后,在添加0.5mg/LIBA的一半浓度的MS培养基中,体外培养茎最大生根率达到90%。     

茎瘤芥(榨菜)高效离体再生体系的建立

利用离体培养技术,以榨菜的3个主栽品种的子叶、带柄子叶和下胚轴为外植体,对影响榨菜植株再生的关键因素进行了优化.结果表明,培养25d不定芽的分化率最高;最佳不定芽诱导的激素组合为6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,其中带柄子叶不定芽的分化率达94.4％;“蔺市草腰子”和“郫县榨菜”容易诱导不定芽,而“永安小叶”不容易被诱导,说明基因型的影响比较大;不定根的最佳诱导激素为NAA 0.2 mg/L,其生根率为83.4％.榨菜高效离体再生体系的成功建立,为榨菜遗传转化、突变体筛选和种质资源保存打下了基础.     

啤酒花节间外植体再生体系的建立

在国内首次建立了两个啤酒花主栽品种（麒麟丰禄,青岛大花）的节间外植体再生体系。实验表明：啤酒花无菌苗的节间为适于不定芽再生韵外植体;适宜的再生培养基为Ms基本培养基＋B5维生素＋葡萄糖20g／L,附加IAA0．25mg／L＋TDZ2mg／L（麒麟丰禄）或IAA0．125mg／L＋TDZ1．5mg／L（青岛大花）,以7g／L琼脂固化,pH5．8;不定芽再生频率可达57％（麒麟丰禄）或16％（青岛大花）。啤酒花再生体系的建立,为利用植物基因工程技术培育抗病虫害啤酒花新品系奠定了基础。     

AgNO3 boosted high-frequency shoot regeneration in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

In order to further increase shoot regeneration frequency of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper., the effects of AgNO₃ on this process was investigated in this study. The shoot tip and cotyledonary node explants were cultured on MS salts B5 Vitamins medium containing BA+TDZ+Ads+AgNO₃ for multiple shoot induction. AgNO₃ influenced the shoot bud formation and their subsequent proliferation. The best medium composition for multiple shoot induction was BA, TDZ combination with Ads and AgNO₃ in MSB5 medium. Maximum 39 shoots in cotyledonary node and 22 shoots in shoot tip were obtained per explants after 4 – 6 wk. of culture. Elongation and rooting were performed in GA₃ (0.6mg/l) and IBA (0.4mg/L) containing media respectively. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to the field with a survival rate of 78%.     

Enhanced shoot organogenesis and regeneration in the common bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> L.)

Four cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were tested for regeneration efficiency. Embryo axes from mature seeds were incubated on Murashige and Skoog or Gamborg media containing 6-benzyladenine (10 mg/l), without and with adenine hemisulphate (20 mg/l). Efficient regeneration was achieved when explants were incubated on Gamborg media amended with 6-benzyladenine, without adenine hemisulphate. This medium provided high regeneration efficiency in the four cultivars tested: Apetito G13637 (98–100%), Flor de Mayo Anita (96–98%), ICA Palmar G4523 (88–97%) and Pinto Saltillo (83–84%). The division and transfer of organogenic shoot of all cultivars to induction and multiplication medium every 15 days resulted in the formation of three to five new organogenic embryo axes per transfer. A single 5-mm cluster formed up to 20 shoots, from which two to three whole plants were regenerated. Regeneration efficiency differed significantly between the two basic media; Gamborg induced high organogenic shoot formation (98–100%) and whole plant regeneration (93%), whereas Murashige and Skoog media showed lower and inconsistent organogenic shoot formation (15–73%) and whole plant regeneration (29%). The protocol that included Gamborg media show high regeneration efficiency across different bean genotypes, resulting in whole plants comparable to seed-produced plants.