广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹学观察

本文对广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹进行了观察分析,计算出指纹类型的百分率、指纹脊线总数、a-b脊线数、主线横向指数、掌纹主线止区、指间及大小鱼际真实花样的百分率、踇趾球部花样的百分率共七项基本参数。与汉族比较,瑶族的皮纹既有自己的特点,又具有汉族的一般特性。     

桂西壮族手皮纹的分析

本文对广西西部500例健康壮族大、中学生的手皮纹进行了观察分析,计算出各型指纹频率、指纹脊线总数、指纹频度指数、atd角度、a-b脊线数、τ距比、主线横向指数、皮纹花样出现率、掌褶纹出现率共九项基本参数,并将这些数值与汉族作了比较,桂西壮族的手纹与汉族既有相似之处,又有本民族的特点。     

中国十一个少数民族的皮纹研究 Ⅱ.掌纹

研究了中国11个少数民族(其中回族两个群体)5013人的掌纹样本,计算出了a—b脊线数、atd角、掌褶纹类型、掌纹真实花样、掌纹主线各个项目的基本参数,比较了不同民族、性别、左右侧以及人种间的差异。各民族的掌纹各具特点而又显示出蒙古人种的一般特征。     

拉萨郊区藏族的指纹研究

本文报道了拉萨郊区５１７例（男２２６人,女２９１人）藏族健康人的指纹参数正常值、调查分析了指纹类型、指纹组合、指纹指数和指嵴纹计数。比较了藏族不同居群、不同民族和人种间的差异。结果表明,藏族有自己的指纹特点,又显著蒙古人种的一般特征。     

人类指纹的印取、阅读及辨识的方法

近年来,许多高校将人类指纹花样分析引入遗传教学实验中,作为数量遗传的模型。但这个实验中的一些关键问题,如什么样的指纹是合格的,如何印取合格的指纹,一些复杂的指纹花样如何辨别等均未能详细说明,影响实验效果。拟就上述这些问题做一些补充介绍。此外．还介绍了如何用数码影像方法代替传统的放大镜、解剖镜,阅读指纹并计数指嵴数。实践证明,数码影像方法不仅可以简化操作,并可以很好地呈现实验结果。     

中国延边朝鲜族手皮纹研究

本文观察研究了400例（男200例;女200例）中国延边地区朝鲜族手的皮纹。调查分析了指纹类型、指嵴纹计数与总数、a-b嵴纹、掌纹真实花样百分率、掌纹类型、atd角等项系数。进行了不同性别、不同民族和人种间的差异性比较。结果表明朝鲜族手皮纹有一定的特征。     

内蒙地区蒙古,汉,回,朝鲜族指纹白线分析

本文分析了内蒙地区３５９７例蒙古、汉、回、朝鲜族人指纹白线分布特征,并探讨了指纹白线与皱纹掌和某些掌褶纹类型的关系。结果表明４个民族的指纹白线出现率：蒙古族１２．５７％、汉族１５．１７％、回族１８．８０％、朝鲜族１４．７８％。各民族的指纹白线出现率具有性别间和手别间明显差异,亦具民族间显著差异。此外,在这４个民族中,具指纹白线者的皱纹掌和桥贯型、悉尼型掌褶纹的相对出现率均较高。     

指纹遗传的双生子研究——Ⅱ.指纹纹型的研究

采用双生子法对26对MZ及24对DZ的指纹纹型进行研究,发现在各类指纹纹型中,斗形最多,桡箕最少。男女间纹型频率差异不大。纹型的左右手对称性为77.20％。作者提出了指纹系数的计算公式,即[(斗形纹数)+(斗形纹数+箕形纹数)]×100％。认为以此来反映10指纹型的构成和复杂程度,以及分析指纹较为合适。 纹型和三辐线在MZ与DZ对间一致率的比较,以及指纹系数、花样强度和生物学指纹价在MZ与DZ对间的相关系数的比较,发现MZ对间的一致率及相关系数明显高于DZ对间的一致率及相关系数,其遗传度为56—92％。本文发现指纹系数在MZ对间并非完全一致,即MZ对间纹型不一致,且指纹系数呈一连续常态分布。纹型的分析表明,指纹纹型以多基因遗传的可能性较大,但不能排除异质性遗传的可能。     

湖南侗族的手纹研究

报道了湖南通道侗族337例正常人的指纹型、总指纹嵴数（TFRC）、a-b纹嵴线（a-bRC)、atd角、轴三角百分距（tPD)、大鱼际纹、小鱼际纹、指间区纹、掌褶纹、掌纹主线横向指数（MLIT）等手纹参数正常值,并与侗族不同人群和湖南周边不同民族进行了比较,发现湖南侗族手掌真实花纹和掌褶纹分布频率与湖南周边其他已研究过的民族和侗族群体存在明显差异。     

裕固族皮纹学初步研究

本文研究了甘肃裕固族青少年儿童346人的皮纹学特征,报道了斗、箕、弓各型指纹的频率,指纹指数,总指嵴数,a-b嵴数,通关手出现率,掌纹真实花样等8项皮纹学参数和主线止区的分布比例。并作了性别、手别、族别及人种间的比较。结果表明,裕固族既具有蒙古人种的皮纹特征,也有一些白种人的皮纹特点,这可能暗示着裕固族有白种人的血统。     

The dermatoglyphic and clinical features of the 9p trisomy and partial 9p monosomy syndromes

Summary The physical and dermatoglyphic features obtained from published reports of 128 patients with the trisomy 9p syndrome and 27 patients with the partial 9p monosomy syndrome are tabulated. This information is also provided on two new individuals with each of these chromosomal disorders. The dermal ridge patterns and palmar creases of trisomy 9p which are most helpful from a diagnostic standpoint are zygodactylous or absent palmar digital triradii, brachymesophalangy, reduced total finger ridge count, complex thenar/ID I patterns, transverse palmar ridge alignment, simian creases, distal axial triradii, and great toe and hallucal arch patterns. The characteristic features in partial 9p monosomy include dolichomesophalangy with accessory finger flexion creases, digital whorl patterns and elevated total finger ridge count, distal axial triradii, simian creases, and palmar dermal ridge dissociation.     

Fingerprint pattern factors

Factor analysis was employed using the ulnar ridge count, radial ridge count, ridge count (the larger of the radial or ulnar count as generally used for calculating total ridge count), and pattern type for each finger in 720 twins. Pattern type and ulnar count displayed parallel factor loadings while loadings for radial and ridge count also paralleled each other. This relationship did not hold for the index finger, indicating the importance of pattern direction and greater pattern diversity for this digit. Total ridge count was most closely associated with a factor of ring and little finger radial and ridge count and only secondarily with an index finger factor. When radial and ulnar counts were deleted to make comparisons with earlier studies, the result was factors having groupings of variables identical with previous reports. It appears that factor analysis results in consistent extraction of identical or very similar factors from different populations, and the use of radial and ulnar counts adds more information than when only the larger of the two counts is considered.     

Relationship between finger length and ridge count in patients with Marfan syndrome]

Palmar dermatoglyphs were studied in 38 patients with lens dislocation. The patients were distributed into three groups: Marfan syndrome, mild Marfan syndrome, isolated lens dislocation. Marked arachnodacytyly was observed in the first group. In these patients increase in finger length was positively correlated with the ridge count. Moderate increase in finger length and ridge count was observed in the second group. The relative finger length was lower in patients with isolated lens dislocation than in unaffected persons, though the ridge count did not differ from the control. The relations noted between the finger length and ridge count in Marfan syndrome are in agreement with the suggestion that these two parameters are determined by common cause, namely, the morphogenetic gradient in digital primordia.     

Variations on dermal ridges in nine population groups of maharashtra,india. III. Asymmetry and interdigital diversity

Variations in asymmetry and interdigital diversity for the three finger-dermatoglyphic traits, total finger ridge count (TRC), absolute total finger ridge count (ARC), and finger pattern intensity index (PII) have been studied here from a sample of 646 males belonging to nine population groups from Maharashtra, India. It is seen that at such local level of population differentiation the ridge count measures TRC and ARC discriminate the population better as compared to PII. A considerable amount of variations also exist in their asymmetries and interdigital diversities and these suggest the possibility of their genetic controls. Such genetic controls might mediate both asymmetry and interdigital diversity jointly, as there seems to be positive correlation between these measures with respect to all the three finger-dermatoglyphic traits.     

Fixed and random effects in the variation of the finger ridge count: a study of fragile-X families.

A maximum-likelihood scoring technique for analysis of pedigree data allows for the concurrent estimation of random and of fixed effects in a quantitative trait. We included both types of effects in genetic models, to study the sources of variation in finger ridge count in 54 large families affected with the fragile-X disorder. The fixed effects were represented by fragile X and sex, and the random effects by environmental and genetic variance. We found a significant effect of fragile X in the mean of the finger ridge count on the thumb (finger 1) and index finger (finger 2), which had the lowest heritability and a negligible nonadditive component of genetic variance. This was in contrast with ridge counts on fingers 3 and 4, which showed little fragile-X effect, but high heritability and a significant nonadditive component. A contrast in genetic properties for ridge counts on fingers 1 and 2, compared with these counts on the remaining three fingers, may be relevant to increased selection pressures on functions of the thumb and of the index finger in evolution of modern man. We have also demonstrated an important effect of fragile X in increasing the additive variance in covariance, especially between male pairs. These findings suggest that the effect of the fragile-X genotype in finger ridge count is additive and superimposed on the normal hereditary variations in this trait.     

台湾闽南汉人肤纹学研究

本文报导台湾闽南汉人的肤纹参数,样本包括100名男性和100名女性。研究的项目有TFRC、a-b RC、atd、tPD、指纹、指间纹、手大小鱼际、猿线、指三角等,并且还分析了同名指指纹对应的情况,见到非随机组合的现象。这是对闽南汉人肤纹较详尽的调查,为人类学、遗传学和医学等提供了较完整的肤纹数据。