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1.
雪鸡属分类地位探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以5种鸡形目鸟类,包括4个藏雪鸡Tetraogallus tibetanus、12个喜玛拉雅雪鸡T.himalayensis、1个阿尔泰雪鸡T.altaicus、1个石鸡Alectoris chuckar和1个斑翅山鹑Perdix dauurica为材料.通过P(永扩增线粒体细胞色素6基因513个碱基,同时从GenBank下载25种鸡形目鸟类细胞色素b基因序列.通过对鸡形目24个属线粒体细胞色素b基因序列的分析,结果表明共有214个变异位点,简约信息位点184个.以鸿雁 Anser cygnoides为外群,在运用不同分析方法得到的拓扑结构基础上,构建了最大简约树(MP)和最大似然树(ML),结果表明鸡形目鸟类鹑族和雉族基本上是多系发生的.结合分子钟和遗传信息分析,可以得出雪鸡属在鹑族中形成的时间相对较晚,约在14.6Myr出现石鸡属的祖先种群;而在约12.6Myr属和鹌鹑属开始出现.雪鸡属的祖先足起源于低海拔环境,后来伴随着青藏高原的逐渐降起和更新世冰期事件的发生各自演化形成现今各个种.  相似文献   

2.
中国柳莺属鸟类分类研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
柳莺属(Phylloscopus)是广泛分布于旧大陆地区的小型食虫鸟类,目前全世界已知66种,其中约50种见于亚洲。该属鸟类外部形态十分相近且同域分布种数较多,历来是鸟类分类学中的研究难点及热点。2003年贾陈喜等介绍了20世纪90年代以来发表的分布于我国的柳莺属鸟类新种及相关分类学变动,涉及3个新描述种和9个由亚种提升的种,共计30种26亚种。2003年以来关于柳莺属鸟类的分类学研究取得了许多新的成果,同时我国境内也发现了一些新的分布记录。综合最新的文献及分布资料,整理得知我国现有柳莺属鸟类41种31亚种,与2003年的状况相比已有较大的变化。主要表现在:新描述种方面,德国学者Martens等2008年描述了黄腹柳莺(P.affinis)种组中的一新种———华西柳莺(P.occisinensis);2010年瑞典学者Alstrm等报道在越南和老挝地区新发现的灰岩柳莺(P.calciatilis)已被证实在我国有分布;亚种提升为种方面,如日本柳莺(P.xanthodryas)自极北柳莺(P.borealis)中独立,冠纹柳莺(P.claudiae)和西南冠纹柳莺(P.reguloides)分开等;分类地位再评议方面,如灰头鹟莺(Seicercusxanthoschistos)实为灰头柳莺(P.xanthoschistos)等;新分布纪录方面,如欧柳莺(P.trochilus)在内蒙古达里诺尔湖地区发现确切记录等。现今对柳莺属鸟类分类学方面的研究已明显呈现出传统形态学、分子遗传学、声谱分析及野外鸣声回放实验等新老技术手段相整合,多方面多角度地阐述问题的局面。中国是世界柳莺属鸟种分布最多的国家(其中有9种仅在或主要于我国境内繁殖),但我国鸟类学者关于该属鸟类的研究工作并不多见。柳莺属鸟类在分类学和进化生物学等领域具有重要的研究价值,我国鸟类学工作者应当引起足够的重视和关注。  相似文献   

3.
长白山北坡鹀属鸟类群落结构的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
杨兴家 《生态学报》1983,3(4):383-392
鹀属(Emberiza Linnaeus)鸟类种类繁多,仅我国就有26种(郑作新,1973),它们分布广泛,数量较多,几乎遍布全国各地。这些鸟类和人们的经济关系较为密切。有关它们和农业方面的关系已有过报道(贾相刚等,1973)。但是,和森林的关系,资料并不多。 关于鸟类群落的研究,对鸟类生态学的进一步发展有很重要的意义。这方面的工作,国  相似文献   

4.
江苏泗洪下草湾中中新世脊椎动物群——6.鸟纲   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文记述了近年来在江苏泗洪下草湾组中补采到的6种鸟类,其中包括天岗琵鹭 Platalea tiangangensis sp. nov.和松林庄古石鸡 Palaeoalectoris songlinensis gen. et sp. nov.,前者系琵鹭属迄今最早的记录,后者为雉科鹑族目前已知最早的成员.  相似文献   

5.
对石门台自然保护区鸟类组成、鸟类区系和鸟类物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明:该保护区有鸟类208种,隶属16目41科,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类有2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类有25种.在该保护区有分布的208种鸟类中,属留鸟的有156种,属冬候鸟的有 44种,属夏候鸟的有8种.根据中国动物区系的区划,石门台自然保护区分布的鸟类属东洋界物种的有136种,属古北界物种的有43种,属广布种的有29种.本文还分析和研究了石门台自然保护区鸟类区系特征、鸟类生态分布群和经济鸟类等方面的内容.  相似文献   

6.
鹂雀(Linurgus olivaceus)是非洲热带森林中一种独特的鸣禽,为鹂雀属(Linurgus)的惟一物种。在已有的研究中,通过对鹂雀和雀形目现存鸟类中每个科及亚科至少一个物种的线粒体DNA序列测定,分析了鹂雀与其它现存雀形目鸟类的系统发生关系;在遗传上,对鹂雀与金丝雀、金翅雀及燕雀亚科其它鸟类亦有比较研究。本研究共使用了燕雀亚科83种鸟类,重点对该亚科的系统发生进行了修订。使用贝叶斯法构建了系统发生树,结果表明:鹂雀属于燕雀亚科,系统发生树中聚在金翅雀族(Carduelini),与金丝雀属(Serinus)、金翅雀属(Carduelis)及交嘴雀属(Loxia)的种类形成一组;在系统发生中,鹂雀可能是一个基部物种,它同金丝雀属和金翅雀属鸟类一同进化并分歧出来。在本研究中未能涉及的一些已灭绝种类,可能与鹂雀有着较近的遗传学关系。另一方面,研究也表明锡嘴雀(Coccotharustes coccothraustes)肯定包括在欧亚蜡嘴雀(蜡嘴雀属Eophona和拟蜡嘴雀属Mycerobas)中,美洲的朱雀(Carpodacus)可能是从亚洲种类分歧出来并经过进化辐射形成。  相似文献   

7.
自2010年10月至2011年12月对宁夏罗山国家级保护区鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类15目46科98属164种,占宁夏已知鸟类总种数的48.81%。其中留鸟51种(31.10%),夏候鸟68种(41.64%),旅鸟38种(23.17%),冬候鸟7种(4.27%)。繁殖鸟119种,其中以古北界鸟类占优势,有88种,占繁殖鸟总数的73.95%;东洋界种15种,占12.61%;广布种鸟类16种,占13.45%。研究发现不同季节、不同生境中的鸟类群落特征差异较大。林地鸟类物种数和多样性指数最高,水域鸟类具有最高的G-F指数。相似性分析显示,山地荒漠草地和废弃村庄的鸟类群落,林地和浅山灌丛鸟类群落,分别具有一定的相似性。春季鸟类群落物种数、G-F指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。  相似文献   

8.
六盘山地区石鸡和大石鸡间的渐渗杂交   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在六盘山地区发现鹑类的两种鸟类石鸡和大石鸡进行杂交,本实验采用PCR和RFLP的方法,分析了六盘山西侧20个大石鸡和东侧36个石鸡的mtDNA基因,发现宁夏海原5个和甘肃庄浪8个的大石鸡具有石鸡的基因型,说明这可能是雌性石鸡与雄性大石鸡杂交的结果,在六盘山东侧石鸡种群中没有发现大石鸡的基因型,其基因是从石鸡到大石鸡的单向流动。杂交后代的形态与大石鸡相似且体型比双亲都大。这种渐渗杂交可能是杂交个体与雄性大石鸡回交的结果。根据分子钟推测,这种不对称的基因流动,可能是由于冰期隔离后次级相遇形成的。杂交种可与雄性大石鸡回交。虽然还需要加大样本量来进一步研究这种不对称基因流动,但是持续的渐渗杂交会导致大石鸡基因的灭绝  相似文献   

9.
中国八色鸫科鸟类的分类研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
杨岚 《动物学研究》1983,4(3):219-226
八色鸫科Pittidae全世界共记录1属26种(Traylor,1979),其中分布于亚洲南部热带地区的有21种;非洲热带地区2种,新几内亚、澳大利亚2种,所罗门群岛1种。 据郑作新(1976)所列分布于中国的八色鸫科鸟类为2属,7种。最近我们就八色鹎科鸟类在中国分布的属、种的分类问题进行了研究,现将有关问题提出讨论。  相似文献   

10.
鸟类是植物种子的重要传播媒介, 它们的形态和取食行为特征是影响种子传播的主要因素。宜昌润楠(Machilus ichangensis)属樟科(Lauraceae)润楠属的常绿阔叶乔木, 依赖鸟类取食传播种子。2019年6—8月于南京中山植物园, 开展了鸟类对宜昌润楠果实的取食和传播作用研究。结果表明: 共有14种鸟类取食宜昌润楠果实, 乌鸫(Turdus mandarinus)和红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythroryncha)是主要取食鸟类, 两者取食频次分别占43.8%和17.9%; 总取食量较高的鸟类依次为乌鸫、红嘴蓝鹊、黑脸噪鹛(Garrulax perspicillatus)、灰树鹊(Dendrocitta formosae)和灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyanus), 这5种鸟类的取食量存在明显差异, 乌鸫的平均取食量(6.1±0.3颗/次)显著大于其他鸟类; 不同鸟类取食后的飞行距离存在显著差异, 体型较大的鸦科、鸫科鸟类具有相对较大的飞行距离; 鸟类取食后停栖生境类型主要包括乔木林、灌木丛和草地, 以乔木林中停栖的鸟类种数最多, 占总利用频次的54.6%。研究表明食果鸟类对宜昌润楠种子具有潜在传播作用。  相似文献   

11.
《Genomics》2021,113(5):3430-3438
We produced a high-quality de novo genome assembly of the red-legged partridge A. rufa, the first reference genome of its genus, by utilising novel 10× Chromium technology. The estimated genome size was 1.19 Gb with an overall genome heterozygosity of 0.0022; no runs of homozygosity were observed. In total, 21,589 protein coding genes were identified and assigned to 16,772 orthologs. Of these, 201 emerged as unique to Alectoris and were enriched for positive regulation of epithelial cell migration, viral genome integration and maturation. Using PSMC analysis, we inferred a major demographic decline commencing ~140,000 years ago, consistent with forest expansion and reduction of open habitats during the Eemian interglacial. Present-day populations exhibit the historically lowest genetic diversity. Besides implications for management and conservation, this genome also promises key insights into the physiology of these birds with a view to improving poultry husbandry practices.  相似文献   

12.
DNA-based studies using avian feces are scarce and deal only with large-sized species. The red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa, is a medium-sized member of the order Galliformes. Our goal was to set up a fast, noninvasive procedure for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotyping of A. rufa fecal samples. We focused on the protected population from Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago National Park, Italy). Dry A. rufa fecal samples (n = 30) were collected in winter. Both the cytochrome b gene (1,092 bp) and the control region (ca. 1,155 bp) were amplified by means of semi-nested PCRs. Twenty-five samples were successfully sequenced for both genes: 8 showed A. rufa mtDNA lineage and 17 chukar partridge (A. chukar), an exotic species. Mixed maternal ancestry suggests A. rufa × A. chukar hybridization. Our protocol allows noninvasive mtDNA genotyping of any Alectoris species and appears suitable to investigate protected populations as well as those existing either at very low density or inhabiting poorly accessible regions.  相似文献   

13.
The red‐legged partridge, Alectoris rufa, is an endemic species of the southwestern Mediterranean, and the most popular game bird in the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 27 microsatellite loci was isolated from an enriched genomic library of A. rufa. Six perfect GT microsatellites were characterized and optimized in 45 individuals of A. rufa. All loci revealed high levels of polymorphism with a number of alleles that ranged from three to 13. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.2 to 0.6. Cross‐species amplification showed that all loci were also polymorphic in rock partridge, Alectoris graeca. The new markers will be useful in determining hybridization between both species of Alectoris.  相似文献   

14.
Background and Aims The genus Rosa (150–200 species) is widely distributed throughout temperate and sub-tropical habitats from the northern hemisphere to tropical Asia, with only one tropical African species. In order to better understand the evolution of roses, this study examines infrageneric relationships with respect to conventional taxonomy, considers the extent of allopolyploidization and infers macroevolutionary processes that have led to the current distribution of the genus.Methods Phylogenetic relationships among 101 species of the genus Rosa were reconstructed using sequences from the plastid psbA-trnH spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, trnS-G spacer and trnG intron, as well as from nuclear glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which was used to identify putative allopolyploids and infer their possible origins. Chloroplast phylogeny was used to estimate divergence times and reconstruct ancestral areas.Key Results Most subgenera and sections defined by traditional taxonomy are not monophyletic. However, several clades are partly consistent with currently recognized sections. Allopolyploidy seems to have played an important role in stabilizing intersectional hybrids. Biogeographic analyses suggest that Asia played a central role as a genetic reservoir in the evolution of the genus Rosa.Conclusions The ancestral area reconstruction suggests that despite an early presence on the American continent, most extant American species are the results of a later re-colonization from Asia, probably through the Bering Land Bridge. The results suggest more recent exchanges between Asia and western North America than with eastern North America. The current distribution of roses from the Synstylae lineage in Europe is probably the result of a migration from Asia approx. 30 million years ago, after the closure of the Turgai strait. Directions for a new sectional classification of the genus Rosa are proposed, and the analyses provide an evolutionary framework for future studies on this notoriously difficult genus.  相似文献   

15.
We have re-examined the original type-series of Palaeocryptonyx donnezani Depéret, 1892 housed in the Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 (France), and have selected a lectotype and paralectotypes. P. donnezani is the type species of the extinct genus Palaeocryptonyx, known from six species from different European Neogene and Pleistocene fossil localities. The species have been compared with different medium-sized Phasianidae species on the basis of our own study and data from the literature. The systematic position of P. donnezani has been questioned, because it has been misplaced in the extant genera Alectoris and Coturnix, but our analysis confirms its validity and its attribution to a separate genus; hence we also confirm the validity of the genus Palaeocryptonyx.  相似文献   

16.
Understanding the spatial pattern of genetic diversity may be pivotal to adaptive conservation management of a given taxon. The red-legged partridge (Alectorisrufa, Linnaeus 1758) is naturally widely distributed from the Mediterranean to humid temperate zones. According to a recent study, the genetic structure of this species comprises five clusters, three of which are in the Iberian Peninsula (glacial refugia). Partridge demographic expansion events and climatic shifts during Pleistocene glaciations have been used to test the hypotheses concerning Iberian red-legged partridge distribution. We tested the existence of climatic and geographic relationships on genetic diversity/distances. We employed markers from two different genetic systems, such as part of the mitochondrial DNA control region (n = 113) and 20 species-specific microsatellite DNA loci (n = 377), including climatic and geographic factors from the 14 Iberian localities where A. rufa populations were sampled. Our results showed a mitochondrial genetic diversity pattern associated with a thermic gradient, and a decrease of genetic diversity in peripheral populations that concurred with the ‘abundant centre’ hypothesis. Overall, current climatic variables reliably described genetic variation and differentiation in the red-legged partridge, which may be a result of local species adaptation.  相似文献   

17.
Four Alectoris species inhabit the Mediterranean area, where they represent important gamebirds subject to human manipulations. The Sardinian partridge is peculiar in Europe, in that it belongs to the African species Alectoris barbara. Nevertheless, no comprehensive study has as yet investigated its genetic status as regards both the extant levels of genetic diversity and the possible contamination due to introgressive hybridization with other Mediterranean species. For the purposes of this study, we analyzed 65 samples of Sardinian partridges, 40 of which came from the wild population and 25 from captive stocks. No one of them showed a mtDNA polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotype assigned to another species than A. barbara, thus, ruling out a possible introgression in the maternal line. In addition, we compared these samples with 94 partridges from other circum-Mediterranean populations using a set of eight chicken (Gallus gallus) microsatellites. A low level of genetic variation was observed in the Sardinian population (H E = 0.310; k AR = 2.69), comparable only to that observed in the Sicilian rock partridge (A. graeca). The comparison with the Tunisian population showed that its present genetic composition is consistent with a historical introduction from North Africa, showing possible effects of a post-introductional genetic drift. Bayesian tests assigned all but one individuals with >90% probability to A. barbara, thus, providing evidence that no or only a few exotic Alectoris genes have introgressed into Sardinian partridges.  相似文献   

18.
We reconstructed the matrilineal phylogeny of Asian algae-eating fishes of the genus Capoeta based on complete mitochondrial gene for cytochrome b sequences obtained from 20 species sampled from the majority of the range and 44 species of closely related barbs of the genera Barbus s. str. and Luciobarbus. The results of this study show that Capoeta forms a strongly supported monophyletic subclade nested within the Luciobarbus clade, suggesting that specialized scraping morphology appeared once in the evolutionary history of the genus. We detected three main groups of Capoeta: the Mesopotamian group, which includes three species from the Tigris-Euphrates system and adjacent water bodies, the Anatolian-Iranian group, which has the most diversified structure and encompasses many species distributed throughout Anatolian and Iranian inland waters, and the Aralo-Caspian group, which consists of species distributed in basins of the Caspian and Aral Seas, including many dead-end rivers in Central Asia and Northern Iran. The most probable origination pathway of the genus Capoeta is hypothesized to occur as a result of allopolyploidization. The origin of Capoeta was found around the Langhian-Serravallian boundary according to our molecular clock. The diversification within the genus occurred along Middle Miocene-Late Pliocene periods.  相似文献   

19.
The herbaceous vine Aristolochia contorta (Aristolochiaceae) is a rare plant with a fragmented area in East Asia. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy and stereomicroscopy were employed to examine the seed and embryo structure. This is the first research on embryo anatomy in Aristolochia. Shape and structure of this embryo may be phylogenetically significant. The seed structure of A. contorta is similar to that of other Aristolochia species. Considerable variation is found for productivity traits; the average seed set is rather low (26.7%). The studied seed and embryo traits of A. contorta are found to be variable, but may be potentially informative at the genus and species level. The restricted productivity and reduced population size threaten the continued survival of A. contorta and, perhaps, the butterfly that depends on it.  相似文献   

20.
The generic allocation of Indian and Sri Lankan Philautus needs further examination. In this study, a comprehensive understanding of the phylogeny of Indian and Sri Lankan Philautus is obtained based on 12S and 16S rRNA genes. All phylogenetic analyses indicate that Indian-Sri Lankan Philautus, Philautus menglaensis, Philautus longchuanensis, and Philautus gryllus form a well supported clade, separate from Philautus of Sunda Islands that form another well supported clade representing true Philautus. This result supports the designation of the genus Pseudophilautus to accommodate the Indian and Sri Lankan species. Pseudophilautus consists of two major lineages, one comprises the majority of Indian species, Chinese species, and Southeast Asian species, and one comprises all Sri Lankan species and a few Indian species. Pseudophilautus may have originated in South Asia and dispersed into Southeast Asia and China. Based on the results, we further suggest that Philautus cf. gryllus (MNHN1997.5460) belongs to the genus Kurixalus.  相似文献   

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